Researchers create model to test existing theories on electron transport mechanism in nanomaterials, laying groundwork for AI-powered machine learning devices. They also explore neural networks inspired by the human brain and nervous system.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered a mechanism used by bacteria Amoebophilus to shoot micro-daggers that pierce the digestive compartment of an amoeba, allowing it to escape digestion and thrive. The study reveals new insights into bacterial evolution and opens up possibilities for other structural biology investigations.
A study evaluated the effectiveness of chemical insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against western flower thrips on broccoli and lettuce. The results suggest that incorporating biopesticides like Beauveria bassiana into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices can help manage thrip populations effectively.
Studies estimate algal blooms at two Ohio lakes cost Ohio homeowners $152 million in lost property value over six years. Fishing license sales also drop significantly when algae levels reach moderate health risk, causing up to $5.6 million in lost revenue and associated expenditures.
A research team at UC Riverside has developed a method to selectively erase specific fear memories by weakening the connections between neurons involved in forming these memories. This breakthrough has therapeutic implications for treating PTSD and phobias, allowing beneficial memories to be retained while detrimental ones are suppressed.
Suicide rates in rural areas of Maryland are 35% higher than urban settings, driven by significantly greater use of firearms. Removing firearms from the equation reveals comparable suicide rates between rural and urban areas.
A study by Queen Mary University of London found that MS drug cladribine improves patients' mobility and self-care, in addition to reducing relapses. The benefits were significant enough for the European Medicines Agency to adopt a positive opinion on licensing the oral preparation.
A new study from the University of Waterloo found that young people with chronic illnesses are three times more likely to attempt suicide than their healthy peers. Chronic conditions increase odds of suicidal thoughts by 28% and plans to die by suicide by 134%.
University of Delaware researchers have developed new methods to evaluate the risk of subsurface phosphorus losses in US croplands, particularly in flat and artificially drained areas. The study uses soil data to improve existing phosphorus index models and provides a more accurate assessment of subsurface phosphorus risks.
Research finds that a neural stopover in the subiculum is necessary for retrieving episodic memories, but not forming them. Activating or inhibiting this pathway affects memory recall and stress hormone levels related to fear responses.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center have discovered a molecule, Takinib, that appears to spur cell death in tumors and inflammation. By targeting the TNF-alpha signaling process, Takinib inhibits an enzyme called TAK-1, which controls cell survival.
A new sonar-based method estimates Antillean Manatees in the San San Pond Sak wetland, finding a lower population than previously thought. The study suggests modifications to protect manatees from illegal fishing nets and human activities.
Researchers found alarming concentrations of antimony in Roman water pipes from Pompeii, linked to vomiting, diarrhea, and organ damage. The element is acutely toxic, causing rapid reactions that can lead to dehydration, liver and kidney problems, and even cardiac arrest.
Research reveals NPGL, a newly discovered protein involved in brain signalling, controls appetite and increases body fat storage even on low-calorie diets. The study also shows NPGL's role in increasing food intake when high caloric foods are consumed.
The Privileged Sensing Framework proposes integrating human and autonomous agents based on individual characteristics. The framework improves joint human-autonomy performance without sacrificing human strengths.
Researchers have created a comprehensive atlas of gene activity in every cell type of an animal, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The study reveals selective activation of genetic code in different cell types, accounting for the formation of specialized cells and body parts.
Research by UChicago psychologists found that using a foreign language decreases emotional aversion, leading people to be less averse to breaking taboos and more willing to make utilitarian choices. The study suggests that the decision-making process is affected by the emotional distance provided by speaking a non-native language.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University have designed a simple technique to quantify soil color using a low-cost digital device, such as an office scanner. This method reduces errors in soil mapping and organic carbon estimation, increasing accuracy.
New research finds that antibiotic use reduces the diversity of microbes in the gut, making it harder for the immune system to fight off infections. This disruption can compromise the intestinal barrier and leave the gut vulnerable to severe infection.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington predicted an additional Earth-like planet in the Gliese 832 system, with stable orbital configuration and mass range of 1-15 Earth masses. The team analyzed simulated data using injected Earth-mass planet to find a habitable zone for potential new world.
Scientists have created healthy offspring from genetically infertile male mice using a new technique that removes the extra sex chromosome. The approach has potential for treating human infertility caused by Klinefelter syndrome and Double Y syndrome.
An international research team developed inkjet printing techniques for scalable mass fabrication of black phosphorous-based photonic and optoelectronic devices. The novel technique enables the production of functional devices with excellent print quality and uniformity.
A new study estimates that families of individuals with dementia incur $184,500 greater in lifetime care costs compared to those without dementia. Reducing symptoms by 10% can lower lifetime costs by $3,880 and $680, respectively.
Migratory Eurasian reed warblers rely on changes in magnetic declination to guide them along the east-west axis, solving a challenging navigational problem. The birds learn to recognize large-scale spatial patterns of declination gradients during their annual movements.
A recent UK study found that schoolchildren who use e-cigarettes are 34% more likely to smoke a cigarette within a year. The research, led by the University of Leeds, surveyed over 2,800 adolescents and found that e-cigarette use was a strong predictor of smoking initiation, particularly among those with no friends who smoked.
Researchers at NIH reveal that COUP-TFII determines sex-specific reproductive system development in mice. Female mouse embryos without COUP-TFII display both male and female ducts, indicating the active removal of male reproductive systems.
A study suggests that women's conformity to traditional feminine norms affects their choice of college majors. Women conforming more closely to these norms are less likely to pursue STEM fields or arts/humanities, while those who align with caregiving and domesticity norms are more likely to choose STEM or clinical fields.
A multicenter study found a significant association between higher income and increased risk of coronary artery disease and multivessel disease among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Poor lifestyle practices, including physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and tobacco use, contribute to this finding.
Computer scientists at UMass Amherst have developed a new technique called 'Themis' to automatically test software for discrimination, highlighting the need for fairness in AI-driven decision-making. The researchers found that even fair-designed software can perpetuate bias when trained on biased data.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers found that a federal regulation aimed at promoting healthier snacks in schools had no significant impact on students' snacking habits. Despite improvements in nutritional value, teens did not report making healthier choices.
Saint Louis University chemist Paul Bracher has received a $597,380 NSF grant to investigate the origins of life on Earth and potentially in oily environments like Titan. The research aims to develop new biochemistry that can function in organic solvents.
A new non-invasive approach using polarized light can help surgeons identify nerves in real-time, minimizing nerve damage and improving surgical outcomes. The technique has been shown to outperform visual inspection with an accuracy rate of 100% compared to 77%.
A new study by the American Academy of Neurology found that telemedicine is as effective as traditional in-person care for people with Parkinson's disease. Virtual house calls provided convenience and comfort without compromising quality of life.
Researchers develop iron-based synthetic antifreeze mimicking natural Antifreeze Proteins (AFPs), which can slow ice crystal growth, making airplane wings safer, ice cream smoother and human tissue for transplantation more stable.
A team of scientists at Boston Children's Hospital has developed a therapeutic cocktail that promotes axon regrowth after spinal cord injury or stroke, resulting in improved fine motor skills. The treatment showed significant improvement in mice with either condition, with error rates dropping to 30% and 46% respectively.
A recent study found that Lake Michigan's altered ecosystem could better support lake trout and steelhead due to reduced Chinook salmon stocking. The lake's open-water food web dynamics have changed significantly since the 1970s, becoming less productive as a result of decreased nutrients.
Researchers found that patients of all races receive opioids at similar rates as evidence-based medications, despite concerns about medication overuse and comorbidities. The study suggests that clinicians can improve treating migraine patients by adopting better prescribing practices.
A UC Berkeley PhD candidate has developed techniques to identify adult ads linked to human trafficking rings by analyzing Bitcoin payment data. The algorithm, which combines stylometry and timestamp analysis, shows a high true-positive rate for grouping ads by author.
Kolachalama's research aims to improve cardiovascular treatments by developing models for smarter artery care and improving drug-coated angioplasty balloons. The $231,000 Scientist Development grant will support his three-year study on the mechanisms of drug-coated balloon therapy.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new method to manufacture graphene using carbon dioxide, eliminating the need for harsh chemicals and producing a more environmentally friendly process. This breakthrough has significant implications for the production of graphene, a key material in sensors and flexible devices.
Researchers at Lund University identified a specific marker (CD44) that interacts with protein HIF-2a, allowing cancer stem cells in glioblastoma to adapt to oxygen deprivation. This interaction enables the growth of more aggressive tumor cells, which are resistant to treatment and contribute to recurrence.
Researchers at Inprenha Biotecnologia have discovered a molecule that increases bovine pregnancy rates and reduces early embryo loss. The product, which enhances reproductive efficiency in domestic animals like cattle and horses, has been tested by the company and shown to be effective.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers highlights the need for protective measures to prevent pig-to-human flu transmission at fairs. The study found that shorter exhibition lengths and proper hygiene practices can significantly reduce disease transmission.
Researchers at Norton Thoracic Institute have developed a new approach to treat an aggressive subgroup of lung cancer. The study found that patients with tumors harboring specific genomic mutations, such as KRAS and LKB1, are more likely to benefit from a novel drug in clinical trials.
A new study found that humpback whales avoid loud ocean mining noise triggered by seismic air gun surveys, suggesting a clear avoidance reaction within a certain distance from the vessel. The research aims to improve current mitigation measures to prevent adverse effects of seismic air gun noise on large whale behavior.
Researchers discovered a blood marker that can predict the risk of bone fractures in postmenopausal women, independent of other measures. High levels of periostin protein fragments were found to be associated with an increased risk of fractures, suggesting they reflect additional bone properties.
A nationwide program showed that telemedicine can deliver quality care to people with Parkinson's disease in their homes via video conferencing. The study found that virtual house calls were as effective as in-person visits, saving patients time and travel, while improving access to care for those with limited mobility.
Researchers developed a minimally invasive technique using magnetism to activate specific cells in the brain, inducing bodily movements such as running and rotating. This breakthrough could lead to advances in studying and treating neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injuries, Parkinson's disease, and depression.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have identified a microRNA molecule called let-7 that serves as a molecular control hub to direct the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, enabling them to kill tumors and pathogens. When let-7 levels are low or absent, T cells can become super killers, potentially enhancing immune responses.
Research establishes first clear link between depression and hindsight bias, a distorted view of the past. People with depression show exaggerated perceptions of foreseeability and inevitability for negative event outcomes, reinforcing feelings of helplessness.
A new analysis concludes that music uses abstract animated components to convey information about an extra-musical reality, similar to sign languages. The study suggests that the diverse inferences drawn from musical sources are combined using iconic rules, creating a 'fictional source' for what is perceived as real.
Researchers have discovered that fluorescence in ligand-protected gold nanoclusters is an intrinsic property of the gold particles. The study used Au20 nanoparticles with a tetrahedral structure and found intense fluorescence at a wavelength of 739.2 nanometers, indicating that the metal core is responsible for the phenomenon.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Rutgers University have developed a three-layer system to verify that components produced using additive manufacturing have not been compromised. The system uses acoustic and physical techniques to detect malicious activity and quality problems, reducing materials waste.
Researchers found that healthy flies are attracted to the smell of infected ones, which produces more sex pheromones. This leads to increased dispersal of disease among fly populations.
Experts at Rutgers University-New Brunswick and Georgia Tech have created three methods to defend against sneaky attacks on 3D printers, including detecting malicious fill patterns and printing defects using sensors and high-tech scanning.
Researchers found that formaldehyde, a toxin, is also used to fuel the one-carbon cycle in cells, producing DNA and amino acids. This discovery could lead to new cancer therapies by targeting this pathway.
Experts call for more transparent conversations with women to avoid unnecessary disease labelling. A broader definition of polycystic ovary syndrome may lead to 'fear and anxiety', highlighting the need for a slower approach to diagnosis.
Researchers found that the bacteria communities in the National Mall's soil did not change significantly before and after the renovation. The study highlights the importance of understanding how changes in the soil microbiome can impact plant productivity and health.
A new study by Kalina Michalska found that children who are more anxious tend to avoid making eye contact, leading to greater fear experience. This avoidance of eye contact affects how afraid children are of potentially threatening information.
Typhoon Banyan is experiencing strong wind shear, causing its strongest thunderstorms to be blown northeast of the center. The storm is weakening, with maximum sustained winds dropping to 75 mph, and is moving at a speed of 37 mph.