Physicists from Friedrich Schiller University Jena have developed a new method to obtain multiple types of information simultaneously from the interior of nanoscale building blocks. The method uses a finely focussed X-ray beam to extract data on composition, oxidation grade and internal electrical fields without damaging the components.
A University of Liverpool-led trial found that sildenafil, commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction, is ineffective in improving outcomes for pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. The study recruited 135 pregnant women with severely growth-restricted fetuses and found no benefits from administering sildenafil.
A phase II trial shows that combining olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, with durvalumab, an immunotherapy drug, achieves 80% disease control at 12 weeks. The treatment is well-tolerated and produces fewer serious side effects compared to chemotherapy.
A new study reveals that men whose wives retain their own surnames after marriage are perceived as submissive and less powerful. The research, conducted by UNLV psychology professor Rachael Robnett, found a connection between gender-typed personality traits and perceived power dynamics in relationships.
A study found that bi-annual dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) exams were more effective in detecting breast cancer in younger women with a high-risk genetic profile than an annual mammogram. The intensive surveillance strategy reduced anxiety levels and improved quality of life for participants.
A UMass Amherst team discovers electrically conducting filaments in several microbe species, greatly broadening the research field. The discovery reveals that some larger pilins can also yield e-pili, and the ability to express e-pili has arisen independently multiple times.
Research by University of Delaware scientist Danielle Dixson and her team found that decorator crabs primarily decorate their arms and legs first, which helps them hide from predators. The study also showed that habitat presence affects decorating patterns, with crabs decorating faster in the absence of a shelter.
The USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture has awarded six grants totaling $836,494 to support farmer safety and health. The AgrAbility program provides direct agricultural assistance, education, and networking to farmers with disabilities, while the Youth Farm Safety Education and Certification (YFSEC) Program delivers time...
A simple blood test detecting tumor cells in blood may predict high or low risk of breast cancer relapse. The study found that 5% of cancer-free women had a positive CTC test, associated with a 35% recurrence risk after two years.
Researchers found that Mars' atmosphere is well-protected from the solar wind due to its induced magnetosphere. The study, led by Robin Ramstad, suggests that only a small portion of atmospheric pressure was lost over 3.9 billion years, contradicting previous assumptions.
A study from Karolinska Institutet found that family members without an inherited CDKN2A mutation still have a higher risk of developing melanoma. This phenomenon, called phenocopy, is attributed to other risk-modifying genes or environmental factors within the families.
University of Illinois researchers create an oxygen-sensitive molecular beacon that emits ultrasound signals in response to light, enabling real-time imaging of hypoxic tumors and constricted arteries. This non-invasive method has the potential to guide surgical procedures and treatment plans.
Research found that consuming high amounts of fructose during pregnancy and early childhood increases the risk of developing asthma in mid-childhood. Mothers who drank a lot of sugar-sweetened beverages while pregnant were more likely to have children with asthma.
A study found that a subset of patients with bladder cancer is resistant to checkpoint inhibitors due to the tumor's immune desert microenvironment. Researchers identified a potential therapeutic strategy involving the inhibition of TGF-β activity, which may improve treatment outcomes for these patients.
In a concerning study, nearly 500 Bangladeshi children aged 9-12 tested positive for recent second-hand smoke exposure. The results reveal alarming rates of SHS exposure among Bangladeshi children, with 95% showing evidence of biochemically validated exposure.
A comprehensive study found that wind and solar energy have lower indirect greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil-based technologies. The researchers' findings suggest that a full decarbonization of the global power sector is achievable with these clean energy sources, resulting in modest indirect greenhouse gas emissions.
Researchers analyzed monkey brains infected with SIV on antiretroviral therapy and found persistent lymphocyte-dominant inflammation, suggesting underlying cognitive problems. The study suggests that adjunctive immunomodulatory therapies may be useful in patients with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
A study by University of Plymouth researchers shows that marine organisms can break down a single plastic carrier bag into 1.75 million microscopic fragments. The presence of a biofilm accelerates the process, suggesting that marine life may be contributing to the spread of microplastics.
A novel compound omaveloxolone has been shown to restore immune response in patients with melanoma, improving antitumour responses when combined with checkpoint inhibitors. The study found a 57% overall response rate in patients who had not received prior checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
The European Research Council has awarded a €2 million ERC Consolidator Grant to TU Darmstadt's Heinz Koeppl for his project 'CONSYN', which aims to improve the design of synthetic genetic circuits. The grant will support computational modelling and computer-aided circuit synthesis to overcome experimental challenges in synthetic biology.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have successfully prevented chronic antibody-mediated organ rejection in a rat model using immunoproteasome inhibition with the selective inhibitor ONX 0914. This approach reduces activated plasma cells producing allo-antibodies and leads to improved renal function.
A UCLA-led team used extreme fieldwork and climate modeling to unravel a meltwater mystery on Greenland's ice sheet. They discovered that sunlight penetrating into the ice causes subsurface melting and storage of meltwater, leading to discrepancies between models' estimates and real-time data.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute found that taurine helps spark a process called remyelination, crucial for repairing nerve cells damaged in multiple sclerosis. Combining taurine with existing MS drugs and future remyelination-inducing treatments may improve overall efficacy.
The University of Illinois Chicago has received a $4.2 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to evaluate and install highly efficient combined heat and power technologies. This technology produces both thermal energy and electricity, achieving typical efficiencies of 65-75% compared to conventional systems.
Researchers developed a QKD system that achieves high secret key rates using time-bin encoding, resolving major challenges for practical applications. This breakthrough enables ultra-high rate quantum secure communication, paving the way for image and video encryption and large encrypted databases.
A Phase III trial led by MD Anderson Cancer Center found that talazoparib, a PARP inhibitor, extends progression-free survival and improves quality-of-life measures for patients with metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations. Talazoparib was associated with a 46% lower risk of progression compared to chemotherapy.
Researchers studied fast cockroach locomotion to develop more energy-efficient robot movement. At high speeds, cockroaches adapt their gait by reducing leg coordination, allowing for stable movement on slippery surfaces. This discovery could help robots achieve better endurance and cross-country mobility.
Scientists from the University of Surrey developed non-metal electro-catalysts for fuel cells using Halloysite clay, urea, and furfural, achieving a power density performance of 703 mW cm-2.
A study found that 3-D mammography, although more expensive upfront, is a cost-effective screening method due to its higher true negative rates and lower false positive rates compared to digital mammography. The analysis of 46,483 screening episodes showed that DBT reduced cancer diagnosis-related costs in the following year.
The job outlook for Americans with disabilities remained positive in November 2017, with a 20th consecutive month of gains in the labor market. The employment-to-population ratio increased to 30.0 percent, up from 27.7 percent in November 2016.
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology developed an ultrastretchable bioprobe using Kirigami designs, reducing strain-force characteristic and enabling low-invasive biological signal recording. The Kirigami-based bioprobes can follow the shape of spherical and large deformable biological samples.
A new study published in AIDS Patient Care and STDs found that HIV-infected women do not use statins as recommended by guidelines, which control blood lipid levels to prevent heart disease. This underuse may accelerate cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive individuals, underscoring the need for improved cardiac health monitoring.
MIT researchers discovered a way to make bacteria more vulnerable to quinolones, enabling existing drugs to kill bacteria that cause chronic infections. Delivering quinolones along with glucose and fumarate can eliminate several types of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Nearly 3 in 10 elite footballers at top England clubs have undetected lung and airway issues that could impair performance. Lung health screening programmes are recommended to help identify and treat these problems, improving player well-being and on-field performance.
Scientists analyze NASA data to investigate solar storm impact on cetaceans' internal compasses. While space weather is not primary driver of strandings, it may be one factor among several contributing to the phenomenon.
Researchers found that areas recently treated with controlled burns fared better in the 2013 Rim Fire. The best predictor of fire severity was how severe the area last burned, indicating that reducing initial burn severity can limit future fires.
A team of Norwegian researchers has developed a tool to monitor bacterial strains in cheese cultures, enabling prompt detection and countermeasures to maintain quality. The tool uses next-generation sequencing to analyze the epsD gene, which is involved in resisting phage and producing exopolysaccharide.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals a genetic mutation in the C9orf72 gene causes a vicious cycle of toxic protein production, driving neuronal death in ALS. The researchers found that cell stress activates more toxic protein production, creating a loop that potentially drives disease progression.
A University of Strathclyde project aims to enhance online support for self-harming young people by exploring technology-enabled care and digital innovations. The six-month study, funded £60,000, will investigate impact on families and develop new solutions to advance unmet needs.
Scientists at EPFL Valais Wallis discovered that guanidinium can improve perovskite stability, delivering an average power conversion efficiency of 19.2% and stabilizing performance for 1000 hours under continuous light illumination. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Researchers have developed a new antibiotic, EZ120, that targets the mycomembrane biosynthesis of tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By inhibiting key enzymes, EZ120 significantly increases the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, offering a novel approach for tuberculosis treatment.
The protein Trigger factor recognizes a partner with unstable domains to form a stable protein duo. Chaperones like TF help folding of other proteins.
A new study in mice has identified an oxytocin-fueled brain circuit that regulates social recognition, revealing the seahorse-shaped hippocampus plays a key role in differentiating similar memories. The findings provide insight into how the brain computes cues to distinguish friend from foe and threat from reward.
Excitonium is a condensate that defies reason, consisting of a boson formed by an escaped electron and a hole it left behind. Researchers at the University of Illinois used a novel technique to measure collective excitations and observed soft plasmon phase, providing definitive evidence for excitonium discovery.
Researchers at Saint Louis University report promising results slowing DMD progression using SR8278, a nuclear receptor regulator drug that increases lean mass and muscle function while decreasing fibrosis and protein degradation.
A study found that younger women with breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection were more likely to experience arm swelling and decreased range of motion compared to those who received sentinel lymph node biopsies. The study highlights the importance of de-escalating axillary treatment in young patients.
A new international collaboration between neuroscientists from the Middle East and West is being launched to advance basic and translational life science research. The Science Bridge project, led by Mazahir Hasan, aims to foster a partnership between Western and Middle Eastern neuroscience communities.
CU Boulder's Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) instrument suite is set for launch on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, aiming to monitor the planet's climate by measuring solar radiation. The mission will help distinguish between natural and human influences on climate, with implications for understanding Earth's processes.
Pebay's platform provides comparative analysis of cash flow, returns, and investor moves for over 500 Brazilian private equity funds. The platform offers financial performance metrics and decision-support data to help fund managers make informed investment decisions.
Researchers at Penn Medicine found that individuals with schizophrenia's own perceptions of their experiences can influence treatment outcomes. Cognitive insight, measured by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, is a significant predictor of neurocognition and not vice versa.
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute has sequenced 25 new genomes of UK species, including Grey Squirrels and European Robins. The project aims to understand the biodiversity of the UK and aid conservation efforts.
A new study found that people living in former industrial heartlands of England and Wales are more prone to negative emotions, anxiety, and depression. The researchers suggest this is due to selective migrations during mass industrialization compounded by social effects of severe work and living conditions.
Researchers at UC Berkeley found that blackbody radiation from a warm object can attract cesium atoms, with an effect 20 times stronger than gravity. This discovery has implications for precise measurements of fundamental constants and tests of general relativity.
A new molecular test detects telomere fusions in pancreatic tumor and cyst fluid samples to predict high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer. This assay helps physicians determine whether lesions require surgical resection or can be safely monitored.
USC researchers have developed a new methodology to measure the success of public health work while considering human rights concerns. The approach identifies approximately 40 key indicators that can monitor human rights dimensions in public health services, helping ensure that services serve the people they intend to reach.