Scientists at the NIH found that an antibody against alpha-4 beta-7 integrin protected monkeys from SIV, reducing transmission and inducing sustained remission. The protein is crucial to HIV's initial phase of infection, influencing disease development.
Researchers from IBS and Peking University demonstrate how to synthesize horizontal arrays of CNTs with the same structure. The team successfully produces conducting (12, 6) and semiconducting (8, 4) CNTs with high selectivity and purity.
Research from Harvard Medical School found that physicians' past prescribing patterns are a stronger predictor of chosen medication than patient characteristics. Habits play a significant role in clinical decision-making, even among well-intentioned doctors.
A team of researchers has discovered a molecular mechanism that explains why allergies are less common in developing countries. They found that antibodies produced in response to a parasitic worm infection can prevent an allergic reaction when faced with novel substances like peanut protein.
A new material has been developed using a simple method that can change color in response to environmental changes, making it suitable for use as sensors. The material also shows promise for bioimaging applications, allowing for non-invasive measurement of molecular interactions in real-time.
Researchers found that the brain prepares both possible movements before making a decision, allowing for quick switching between plans. This 'backup plan' helps individuals react faster to changing situations, such as dodging an opponent's block in hockey.
Graphene, a carbon material one atom thick, has been made more commercially viable thanks to the humble soybean. The novel GraphAir technology eliminates the need for high-controlled environments and expensive equipment, reducing production time and cost.
Researchers have unlocked the mystery of why people see multiple images in Rorschach inkblots by analyzing fractal characteristics at the blots' edges. The team found that higher fractal dimension values produce more visual perceptions, with inkblots generating up to 300 differently perceived images.
A study by Northwestern University found that delinquent youth are more likely to have multiple sexual partners and engage in unprotected vaginal sex with high-risk partners as they age. This risk is particularly pronounced among African American males, who are over four times more likely to have multiple partners.
Researchers tracked lens epithelial cells in live zebrafish using genetically engineered fluorescent proteins to determine factors responsible for regulating eye development. The study reveals a complex interplay between E-cadherin and N-cadherin proteins controlling cell movement and adhesion.
Research suggests that public officials must demonstrate they care and prioritize building trust to effectively communicate risk. This includes engaging directly with affected communities and the media to address concerns and reduce outrage.
Utah State University geologist Alexis Ault is investigating the earthquake history of the Wasatch Fault using nanoscale clues. She is collaborating with middle school students to explore this research, which provides a new window into processes that cause earthquakes at the nano-scale.
Scientists at the University of Notre Dame developed a 'living diode' using cardiac muscle cells, enabling directional signal processing. This innovation opens doors to functional biological structures for controlling mechanical devices in the body.
A new bioinformatics tool called IMP has been developed to increase the transparency and reproducibility of biological experiments. It preserves computer programs in a frozen state, allowing for easy reprocessing and analysis of complex data.
A research team discovered that Tdp-43 cryptic exons are highly variable between cell types, potentially leading to early diagnosis and therapeutic agents for neurological diseases. This finding may elucidate the causes of Frontotemporal Dementia and Lou Gehrig's Disease.
A new study links declining eelgrass beds to deteriorating water quality and rising temperatures, resulting in significant ecological and economic costs. The study estimates potential economic loss at $1-2 billion in Chesapeake Bay alone, primarily due to impacts on blue crab fisheries and silver perch populations.
Two studies found that scalp cooling devices can significantly reduce hair loss in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. In one study, patients who received scalp cooling had an average of 51% hair preservation compared to 0% in the control group. The other study also showed promising results, with 67% of patients experienc...
Researchers have identified additional genes that may contribute to the metabolic disorder TMAU, suggesting that genetic testing may not be sufficient to identify all cases. This new insight provides reassurance to those who report fish-like odor symptoms without mutations in the FMO3 gene.
Researchers are exploring a new infusion therapy that could help smooth out movement for patients with Parkinson's by providing constant levodopa levels and stimulating dopamine receptors. The therapy aims to reduce off-time and increase on-time movement, improving overall quality of life.
Researchers found that genetic predisposition to abdominal adiposity significantly increases the incidence of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. The study suggests that using genetics to determine the effects of body shape on cardiometabolic outcomes could lead to new prevention strategies.
Dr. Kurt Gottfried was awarded the 2016 AAAS Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award for his long-standing career as a 'civic scientist,' advocating for arms control and human rights. He co-founded organizations like the Union of Concerned Scientists and American Physical Society's Committee on International Freedom of Scientists.
Researchers analyzed data from 10,266 patients with ICDs and found that nearly half experienced healthcare-related care after a shock, while one in seven was admitted to the hospital. The average cost of healthcare following an inappropriate shock was $4,470, highlighting the need for smarter ICD programming strategies.
Researchers found that bacterial infections have vastly different outcomes depending on oxygen levels in the body. Exposure to low oxygen before infection may protect against illness without compromising immunity.
Scientists have identified specific groups of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex that develop codes to store relevant information from multiple experiences. Over time, these neurons lose less important details unique to each experience. The findings provide new insight into how the brain collects and stores useful knowledge.
Researchers assess seasonal beach behavior for 29 beaches along the Pacific coast, finding 76% above normal erosion during the 2015-16 El Niño winter. The study highlights the increasing vulnerability of California's coastline to coastal hazards as climate events intensify.
A small study of nine AIDS patients treated with traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over a decade resulted in undetectable or low viral loads, sparking potential interest in TCM as a functional cure. The findings suggest that these observations warrant further exploration by the HIV research community.
A landmark study confirms that 'super-boosting' approach effectively counters negative interactions between key HIV and TB drugs in children co-infected with both diseases. This advancement will enable healthcare workers to treat children more effectively, ensuring long-term control of the HIV virus and keeping them alive.
Researchers at Bielefeld University found that cultivated scallops have a unique genetic structure compared to their natural counterparts. The study used RAD sequencing and microsatellites to analyze the genetic architecture of nine scallop populations, revealing differences in the artificially cultivated type.
Researchers at Penn State have received a $6.1 million NIH grant to develop tools for using genomic data to advance medical treatments and pharmaceuticals. The project will focus on blood cell development as a model system for gene regulation in mammals, aiming to improve precision medicine.
Defective diamonds are transformed into highly perfect nanodiamonds using high-temperature conditions, enabling precision measurement of electromagnetic fields and other variables. This process improves the homogeneity of crystal lattices, paving the way for scalable methods in quantum sensing.
Sandra Horning, a cancer survivor and renowned oncologist, will receive the Duane Roth Memorial Award for her pioneering work in developing new treatments for lymphoma. Her commitment to personalized therapies and holistic approaches to patient care has improved cancer treatment outcomes.
Researchers from Canadian and international institutions discuss the impact of microbes on human health, disease, and society, as well as the neural basis of emotional memories. They also explore quantum computing and its potential to revolutionize cybersecurity.
Researchers investigated habitat diversity's impact on coastal sediment ecosystems and found that more habitats scored better in functionality than single-habitat ecosystems. Human activities like habitat homogenization threaten both species and habitat diversity.
Researchers at CU Boulder have developed a functional MRI-based model that identifies brain activity patterns involved in varied pain experiences. The model, called SIIPS1, maps positively correlated and negatively correlated brain sub-regions, including regions not traditionally considered important for pain assessment.
A new UCI study shows that Canadian glaciers are losing ice at an alarming rate, with surface melt accounting for 90% of the loss since 2005. The researchers found that the Queen Elizabeth Islands' ice cap has been melting by 900 percent annually, contributing to sea level change.
Scientists discover a culture method that unlocks the natural fighter function of immune T cells when exposed to alarm signals, allowing for the growth of natural armies trained to recognize and target cancer proteins. The method has been tested on three cancer-associated proteins and shown success in stimulating T cell responses.
A study published in Nature Communications identifies a population of cells expressing Foxa2 that gives rise to cardiovascular cells of both left and right ventricular chambers. The research sheds light on the formation of heart chambers and may lead to new protocols for generating ventricular cardiomyocytes in cell culture.
Researchers developed a computational method that allows for controlled fabrication of tiny electrical wires and other nanomaterials. By analyzing intermolecular interactions, the team was able to predict the outcome of molecular self-assembly with high accuracy, leading to potential breakthroughs in device manufacturing.
Research finds genetic predisposition to higher waist-to-hip ratio associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. The study suggests that body fat distribution beyond BMI measurement may explain part of the variation in cardiometabolic disease risk.
Researchers at MIT developed a method to produce high-resolution images of individual biomolecules without requiring crystallization. The technique uses nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond crystals to detect tiny variations in magnetic fields, achieving resolutions up to 100 times higher than conventional methods.
Researchers call for a shift from animal experiments to human-focused research on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Population studies suggest that dietary changes and other modifiable lifestyle factors can reduce the risk of developing dementia.
Researchers found that telephone-based smoking cessation counseling given shortly after lung cancer screening can help people stop smoking. The study enrolled 92 participants and showed an 8-person increase in verified quitters, with 17% in the counseling group compared to 4% in the control group.
A registry study of over 72,000 styrene-exposed employees found no increased incidence of common cancers such as oesophagus or lung cancer. However, a possible increased risk of myeloid leukaemia and nasal cancer was detected, highlighting the need for further investigation.
Researchers identified a critical phosphorylation process in PHD2 that slows down cancer growth. Blocking the enzyme PP2A/B55 restores PHD2 function, suggesting a promising new approach for targeted cancer therapy.
A UT Dallas team created a modified version of Minecraft, Polycraft World, to teach chemistry to college students. The game allowed players to learn about chemical elements and compounds while building and processing natural resources.
A limited subset of HIV strains can be transmitted from mothers to children, but these viruses are generally shorter and have fewer sugars attached, making them less likely to be neutralized by the immune system. This study highlights the need for different strategies to prevent transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
A large-scale study found that genetics accounts for about eight percent of people's differences in self-reported tiredness/low energy. Most of these genetic contributions overlapped with mental and physical health conditions, as well as lifestyle factors like smoking and weight.
A new study has found that fructose consumption is independently associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and high uric acid concentrations in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, a growing cause of liver disease in Western countries, affects up to 30% of the general population.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new material called rebar graphene, which can be shaped and has exceptional conductivity. The material supports over 3,000 times its own weight without deforming, making it suitable for various applications.
A study published in the journal Emotion found that husbands and wives who practiced compassionate acts reported higher emotional well-being, with benefits significantly stronger for the donors than recipients. The researchers discovered that recognition by the recipient is not necessary for the donor's benefit.
A Pittsburgh engineer has received a $549,139 NSF CAREER Award to create a new screening method for swallowing disorders. The technology uses high-resolution vibration and sound recordings to diagnose dysphagia, allowing doctors to identify silent aspirators more accurately.
A recent study suggests the Ventura-Pitas Point fault in southern California has a 'ramp-flat geometry' with a flat section between two tilting sections, similar to a staircase. This structure would result in stronger shaking and more damage during an earthquake.
A series of studies published in Psychological Science found that listeners respond positively to familiar stories more than expected by speakers. The researchers attribute this to listeners' ability to fill in gaps in the speaker's story, making it more enjoyable to hear.
Scientists have observed the first time a star pulsates in response to its orbiting planet, HAT-P-2b. The star's brightness oscillates ever so slightly every 87 minutes, suggesting that the massive exoplanet may periodically distort its star, causing it to flare or pulse.
Researchers found that children of parents with C9orf72 mutations are more likely to develop frontotemporal dementia and ALS at a younger age, without accelerated disease progression. The study suggests that the length of the C9orf72 repeat is determinative for the age of onset of the disease.
A remarkable 250 million-year-old fossil found in China shows an embryo inside the mother, providing clear evidence for live birth. The discovery rewrites the understanding of reproductive evolution in a wide group containing birds, crocodilians, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs.
A recent study found that melatonin content in dietary supplements often differs significantly from the labeled amount, with some products containing up to 83% less or 478% more than declared. This variability raises concerns about the safety and efficacy of these products.
New study from Tel Aviv University and Hebrew University finds evidence of a fluctuating geomagnetic field in ancient Judean jar handles, with peak strength in the 8th century BCE. The research suggests that the Earth's magnetic field has undulated for thousands of years and is not weakening.
USU scientist Sarah Null is developing mathematical models to explore processes and interactions of built and natural water systems. Her research aims to improve aquatic ecosystem representation in water resources models, enabling quantitative analysis of water supply, hydropower, and habitat trade-offs.
Physicists at Lomonosov Moscow State University have created a new technique for generating entangled photon states, exhibiting correlated pairs that can be used in quantum cryptography. The technique uses spatial entanglement creation and has shown improved efficiency compared to previous methods.