Researchers found that Ebola virus binds directly to white blood cells, causing their death and disrupting the immune system. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of Ebola infection and may lead to the development of targeted therapies for Ebola virus disease.
Researchers used X-ray studies to investigate the floating properties of pumice rocks, finding that surface tension plays a key role in trapping gases within the rock's pores. The study provides new insights into the longevity of these rocks, which can travel thousands of miles on ocean currents.
Researchers have identified a protein causing liver fibrosis, paving the way for new treatments. The discovery, led by Professor Jacob George and Doctor Mohammed Eslam, reveals that variations in the interferon lambda 3 (INLF3) protein are responsible for tissue damage in the liver.
New research from the Smithsonian reveals that whales started bulking up around 2-3 million years ago, when increasing ice sheets concentrated prey in the oceans. This shift allowed for larger body sizes to evolve, as filter-feeding became more efficient with access to dense prey patches.
A new robot technology reveals that the ADAM10 signalling pathway is activated during melanoma transformation, enabling a better diagnosis and potential simplification of detection methods. The research suggests avoiding cosmetic products with aluminium, which can activate this pathway.
A recent study published in JAMA compared the effectiveness of antibiotics with and without MRSA activity for treating cellulitis. The results showed that while certain groups may benefit from these regimens, further research is needed to confirm the findings. The study also highlights limitations in the current trial design.
Researchers employed high-resolution microscopy techniques to study the formation mechanism of butterfly wing scales. The green butterfly features separated photonic crystal domains that increase in size from base to tip, suggesting time-frozen growth stages.
A recent study found that follow-up imaging is significantly less when initial emergency department (ED) ultrasound examinations are interpreted by a radiologist rather than a nonradiologist. Radiologists interpret the vast majority of ED ultrasounds, with 81.6% of cases handled by them and 36,788 cases handled by nonradiologists.
A study by Drexel University researchers found that erythritol, an artificial sweetener, can halt egg production and kill larvae in flies, making it a potential insect control method. The compound was tested on fruit flies and showed significant reduction in egg-laying and larval survival.
Researchers found that female vampire bats who invest in non-kin friendships cope better when a major food donor is removed from their social network. They score more food than those who only focus on close kin relationships.
Researchers have developed a technique to continuously monitor the properties of materials exposed to radiation, enabling real-time information about microstructural evolution. This nondestructive and noncontact method uses transient grating spectroscopy to detect changes in thermal and elastic properties.
A study published in Cognition found that Pope Francis's 2015 encyclical on climate change increased perceptions of his credibility on the issue, particularly among liberals, but did not directly influence people's beliefs about its seriousness or effects on the poor. The study used a panel of 602 U.S. adults who completed surveys befo...
A study analyzing 15 years of US Department of Transportation data found no evidence that airline consolidation negatively impacts on-time performance. Instead, it reveals long-term improvements in efficiency and service quality, particularly on routes where both merging airlines previously operated.
EPFL scientists have developed a mathematical method using persistent homology to quantify similarity of pore structures in nanoporous materials. This allows searching databases for similar pore shapes and discovering new materials with optimal performance.
A recent study by Erica Frankenberg found that student assignment policies in Jefferson County, Kentucky, are increasing diversity despite rising segregation. The new policies have resulted in steady enrollment growth with no evidence of flight by white or affluent students to private schools or neighboring districts.
A recent study found that nearly 1 in 5 patients with lap-band surgery undergo multiple device-related reoperations, and complication rates range greatly. Accredited bariatric centers also vary significantly in their rates of serious complications, with a 17-fold difference between the highest and lowest rates.
Researchers Dr Adrienne Jochum and her team describe three new Carychium species found in North and Central America, including Georgia, Belize, and Panama. The discovery uses computer tomography to visualize snail shells and identify different species.
Researchers at Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University found that dual gait testing can predict dementia progression in seniors with mild cognitive impairment. The study showed that individuals with slower gait speeds while performing a cognitively demanding task are at higher risk of progressing to dementia.
A recent study found that cultural differences in visual processing affect the ability to discern simple differences between geometric figures. North Americans took longer to identify a straight line among tilted ones compared to Japanese volunteers.
Researchers from the University of Utah and USGS analyzed 93 years of weather data to find that atmospheric circulation patterns account for 25-48% of variation in frost timing, while global warming contributes 3-5 days to the lengthening of the frost-free season.
A large national study found that teaching hospitals had significantly lower 30-day mortality rates than non-teaching hospitals, even after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. This association persisted across various medical conditions and procedures.
A new study published in BMC Public Health found that enforcing rules about bedtimes on weekdays significantly impacts children's sleep. Parents who enforce bedtime rules on weekdays are 59% more likely to have their child meeting sleep guidelines, according to the researchers.
Researchers at UC Berkeley have identified conscientiousness in a range of animal species, from birds to insects. This trait, characterized by working hard, paying attention to detail, and striving to do the right thing, is linked to evolutionary benefits such as improved hunting success and mating advantages.
The High Plains aquifer is a critical water source for US agriculture, but its long-term viability is threatened by diminishing groundwater levels. The authors argue that good management practices can extend the aquifer's lifespan, but require collective effort and cooperation across disciplines and political divides.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a 35-gene signature that indicates higher genetic likelihood of chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. This biomarker can help predict relapse and provide a new pharmacologic approach to target chemo-resistant lung cancer.
Researchers developed hybrid composites using hemp fibers and ground tire rubber to improve interfacial adhesion and balance stiffness and strength. The quality-over-cost ratio was optimized by combining mechanical property data with raw material costs, making the methodology applicable to various systems.
The number of people aged over 65 needing care is projected to reach 2.8 million by 2025, with dementia set to become the biggest growing cause of disability. Effective disease prevention measures and increased investment in health and social care are needed to address this growing burden.
A new study suggests that gang membership and criminal acts serve as deviant leisure activities for young people, filling their needs for excitement and a sense of belonging. The researchers found that many participants enjoyed the violence and experienced a rush during violent incidents, with some likening it to a drug addiction.
The American Sleep Medicine Foundation has selected researchers Dr. Emerson Wickwire, Dr. Jessica Levenson, Dr. Benjamin Pliska, and Dr. Allen Firestone to receive research awards for their projects aimed at improving sleep health and advancing the field of sleep medicine.
A new study found that mothers who refuse to vaccinate their children are viewed more negatively than those who delay vaccines due to safety concerns. Researchers used an online survey to examine attitudes toward under-vaccinated children and their parents, revealing stigmatization regardless of reason for non-compliance.
Researchers observed Cuban boas in bat caves and found that coordinating their positions formed a wall across the entrance, making it difficult for bats to pass without getting within striking distance. This cooperative hunting strategy was always successful, with more snakes present leading to faster capture times.
A new review of child-related auto fatalities found that the South had the highest number of fatalities and the Northeast the lowest, with a national mortality rate of 16%. Improper restraints and crashes on rural roads were common causes of deaths.
A young researcher at FAU has studied what causes recycled plastic to smell, identifying key contaminants such as mouldy, cheesy, or acidic-smelling molecules. The study's findings will help scientists develop strategies for reducing odours in recycled plastics.
A recent study analyzing over 21 million Medicare discharges found that admission to a major teaching hospital was linked to a lower overall 30-day risk of death compared to nonteaching hospitals. The study, published in JAMA, also revealed differences in mortality rates among smaller and larger teaching hospitals.
A study by Dr. Mihkel Pindus et al found exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (PM) was associated with cardiac diseases in Tartu, Estonia, whereas PM from residential heating had no link. The results confirm the health effects of low-level PM and highlight differences in associations depending on the PM source.
A study found declawed cats exhibit increased risk of pain, aggression, and behavioral issues such as inappropriate elimination. The research highlights the importance of considering long-term health effects and exploring alternative solutions to reduce welfare concerns.
A randomized controlled trial found that online pulmonary rehabilitation was non-inferior to in-person classes in improving exercise capacity and symptom control among patients with moderate COPD. The study used the MyPR application, which is free for UK patients with advanced COPD.
Two large US studies found a significant association between high fiber intake and reduced risk of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. High cereal fiber intake was also linked to lower worsening knee pain.
A study analyzing 3,640,229 patients in the SEER database found that lung cancer diagnoses are associated with a nearly 420% higher suicide rate compared to the general population. The highest suicide risk was observed in lung cancer patients, particularly older individuals, widowed patients, and those with metastatic disease.
Machine learning techniques are successfully applied to image-based diagnosis, disease detection, and prognosis in medical imaging. The review focuses on denoising methods using machine learning approaches to develop a systematic decision for diagnosing and prediction of medical images.
A McMaster University study found that a specific probiotic improved both gut and psychological symptoms in adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and mild to moderate anxiety or depression. The pilot study showed significant improvements in depression scores, associated with changes in brain areas involved in mood control.
Researchers aim to genetically modify human bone marrow cells to produce more bone morphogenetic protein, a key factor in bone healing, to tackle challenging bone repairs such as extensive fractures and failed spinal fusions. The five-year grant will support the study's efficacy and safety assessment.
A recent study from the Center for BrainHealth found that strategic brain training positively affects neural connectivity for individuals with TBI. The research challenges the widely held belief that recovery from a TBI is limited to two years after an injury.
A new simulation based on the von-Kármán-Sodium (VKS) dynamo experiment investigates the effects of fluid resistivity and turbulence on the collimation of the magnetic field. Researchers found that using magnetized ferromagnetic materials increases the magnetic field collimation, while conducting materials weaken it. This study contrib...
Researchers discovered that a molecule called PD-L1 can mask pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1. This finding could lead to the development of predictive tests and treatments for pain, as well as new ways to assess immunotherapy treatment efficacy.
A group of NYU Tandon School of Engineering researchers have discovered ways to deliberately embed hidden flaws in CAD files to thwart intellectual property theft. By intentionally inducing defects that disappear under specific conditions, manufacturers can prevent counterfeit parts from being produced.
Researchers discover that irradiation-induced disordering in materials differs from vitrification, leading to a more disordered atomic network resembling liquids. This finding has significant implications for material selection in nuclear applications and raises safety concerns.
A new study found that DNA testing has a modest impact on sexual assault arrest rates, with most arrests occurring before laboratory results are available. In 7.6% of cases, DNA matches were made to suspects in the FBI's Combined DNA Index System database.
Researchers found that stem cells can produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, leading to improved tendon healing and matrix remodeling. The study suggests a new approach to treating tendon injuries and diseases by regulating inflammation.
Research shows that top predators like wolves need continuous territories to effectively control ecosystems. Fragmented wolf populations, such as in North America, are unable to control smaller predators like coyotes.
A fall calving season in the southeastern United States can be more profitable due to higher calf prices at weaning and increased calves weaned per cow. This is attributed to longer growing seasons for forages, providing a competitive advantage in feed costs.
A new study finds that both active and inactive women report similar ingredients for feeling happy and successful, including connecting with others, being relaxed during leisure time, and accomplishing goals. However, inactive women's negative expectations about exercise hinder their ability to adopt and sustain physically active lives.
A research team has identified the HAND2 gene as a key regulator that triggers the formation of cardiac valves in mouse embryos. This discovery advances our molecular knowledge of cardiac valve development and may also help provide genetic diagnosis for patients with congenital heart malformations.
A study on consent decrees and police misconduct found modest reductions in civil rights filings, suggesting increased public satisfaction with law enforcement agencies. Researchers argue that consent decrees may be a powerful tool for reforming problematic police departments.
The Moscow State University has opened a new cryobank to store biotechnological plant material, including rare species cell cultures. The facility aims to prevent cross-contamination by storing biological samples in nitrogen vapor, not liquid nitrogen.
Research published in the British Journal of Cancer found that carrying excess body fat can increase cancer risk, with waistline and hip measurements being key indicators. The study combined data from over 43,000 participants and found that adding just 11cm to the waistline increased obesity-related cancer risk by 13%.
Researchers found that graphene covers weaken adsorption on Pt(111) surfaces, enabling modulation of surface reactions and promoting oxygen reduction reaction activity. This study demonstrates the potential of 2D materials in designing high-performance nanocatalysts.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen argue that the health effects of a food product cannot be determined solely on the basis of its nutrient content. The findings suggest that interactions between nutrients and bioactive substances can alter the nutritional and health properties of a particular food. This challenges current n...
A new study found that smokers without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who experience vascular pruning, or the reduction of distal pulmonary blood vessels, are at a higher risk of death. Vascular pruning was not associated with an increased risk of death in smokers with COPD.
Researchers at the Universities of Birmingham and Newcastle studied DNA of two types of acute myeloid leukemia to explain clinical prognosis differences. They discovered how oncogenes reprogram blood stem cells, leading to variable treatment responses.