Researchers at UT Health San Antonio have created a novel technology that injects a modified virus into the mouse pancreas with pro-cancer molecules, resulting in human-like tumors. This breakthrough could lead to new insights into pancreatic cancer initiation and progression, as well as spur new drug development.
A recent study published in The Breast Journal found that only 1.5% of patients with microinvasive breast cancer had positive lymph nodes, suggesting that these tiny tumors rarely spread cancer to other areas. This discovery allows surgeons to select patients who may benefit from lymph node sampling, sparing others from the procedure.
Researchers have identified three distinct macrophage populations that play different roles in the development of atherosclerosis. These findings provide new insights into the disease and may lead to improved treatments. The study used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze immune cell populations in affected vessels.
A Northwestern University study found that parents of LGBTQ teenagers face challenges discussing sexual health, including general discomfort and limited knowledge. The study emphasizes the importance of providing resources to help parents overcome these obstacles and establish supportive relationships with their children.
Researchers found that drained nitrogen-rich peatlands produce laughing gas, a major greenhouse gas. The study revealed that soil moisture, temperature, and cultivation play key roles in laughing gas emission from organic soils.
A University of Waterloo study found that women who believe their sex drive will change over time are better able to handle difficulties with sexual desire. These women were less likely to behave negatively by ignoring or avoiding their problems.
Scientists at Osaka University developed a new topical gel to treat skin lesions in TSC, a rare inherited disease. The drug's approval marks a world first and offers a painless, safe, and easy-to-use solution for patients suffering from cosmetic issues.
A new study published in the European Respiratory Journal found that long-term exposure to high levels of road traffic and ozone significantly increases the risk of asthma symptoms and medication use. The study also identified a biological marker, 8-isoprostane, which is exhaled in the breath and linked to tissue damage in the lungs.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed high-quality lead-free double perovskite films with long electron-hole diffusion length, a necessary property for efficient solar cells. The power conversion efficiency of these solar cells is still low, but the team has taken a major step towards increasing efficiency in the near future.
IDIBELL researchers discover EphA2 membrane receptor's role in tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in Ewing sarcoma. The study finds that blocking this receptor activity can significantly decrease metastases incidence and survival rates.
Researchers found that as working memory load increases, brain wave synchrony among three key regions breaks down, leading to a loss of communication and sustaining working memory. This study sheds light on the intrinsic limit of conscious thought and cognitive performance, potentially explaining psychiatric disorders.
Research at Washington University School of Medicine found that aging immune cells contribute to inflammation and abnormal blood vessel growth in macular degeneration, potentially leading to vision loss. The study identified microRNA-150 as a potential therapeutic target for preventing progression to advanced forms of the disease.
Researchers have developed a technique to sensitively measure molecule structure by twisting laser light and aiming it at miniscule gold gratings. This method could be used to probe the structure and purity of molecules in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, foods, and other important products more easily and cheaply.
A study found differences in the brains of athletes playing contact sports versus noncontact sports, particularly in regions responsible for visual processing. The findings suggest that a history of minor blows to the head may lead to compensatory changes in brain function related to eye movement.
Scientists have discovered a mutation in the catnap2 gene that causes seizures in people with autism spectrum disorder. The mutation shrinks brain neurons' branches, disrupting message delivery and leading to seizures.
Women with urinary incontinence reported declines in sexual activity and arousal, while men experienced decreased desire, erectile difficulties, and orgasm issues. The study highlights the importance of healthcare professionals recognizing the coexisting impact of incontinence on quality-of-life and well-being.
Researchers explore the role of diverse bacteria in common urologic diseases affecting children, including urinary tract infections and urge urinary incontinence. Probiotics and dietary modifications show potential to prevent or treat these conditions.
A new Consensus Statement provides 16 recommendations to improve safe opioid use in non-cancer hospitalized patients with acute pain. The guidelines emphasize limiting opioid use, using lowest effective doses and immediate-release formulations, and educating patients about non-opioid alternatives.
A new butterfly species, Cyllopsis tomemmeli, has been recognized nearly 60 years after it was first collected by Thomas Emmel in Mexico. The species was named to honor Emmel's dedication to lepidoptera research.
A study published in Frontiers in Psychology found that teachers perceive playful boys as disruptive and rebellious, leading to negative classmate perceptions and self-esteem issues. In contrast, playful girls are not subject to such scrutiny, highlighting gender differences in teacher attitudes towards playfulness.
Families with elevated psychosocial risks, including parent mental health issues and child behavior problems, are more likely to drop out of weight management treatment. Psychosocial screening early in treatment may improve outcomes for children with obesity.
A study by Case Western Reserve University researchers found a link between impaired brain coordination and attention deficit disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. The study revealed that the ErbB4 gene helps coordinate brain regions to maintain attention.
Researchers at SF State University investigate how federal and state nutrition policies affect childhood health, with a focus on racial/ethnic disparities. The study aims to inform future policies and determine the impact of nutrition policies on child obesity rates in different communities.
Geographers from FAU investigate ancient dust deposits to draw conclusions about settlement structures, crops, landscape changes, and climate fluctuations. The study aims to understand the cultural growth and decline of the Southern Levant region between the Iron Age and Byzantine period.
Having multiple chronic illnesses plus functional limitations increases the risk of death among older adults with heart failure. The study found that those who had other chronic conditions or problems performing daily activities had a similar risk for hospitalization or emergency room visits.
Researchers found that up to 26 percent of natural ecosystems' nitrogen comes from rocks, not the atmosphere. This discovery could help forests and grasslands sequester more fossil fuel CO2 emissions.
Researchers found primary care providers and pediatricians are less confident in evaluating irritability than child and adolescent psychiatrists, leading to over-reliance on medication. Increasing education and training may help improve diagnosis and treatment.
Rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence showed increased alcohol self-administration compared to those not exposed or exposed as adults. The study suggests that adolescent nicotine alters the brain's reward pathways, leading to a long-lasting risk of problem drinking later in life.
A new study shows that a free web-based decision aid, BRECONDA, reduces decisional conflict and increases satisfaction with information among women considering breast reconstruction. The cost of the decision aid was estimated to be small compared to other healthcare interventions.
Scientists at the Medical University of South Carolina discovered a specific form of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) that binds to glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP), regulating B cell activity. The GARP:TGF-beta axis may serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
A new protocol for treating fentanyl overdoses has shown that most patients can be safely discharged within two hours of arrival if given the antidote promptly. The study found that only one in nine patients required hospital admission, and complications were extremely rare.
Researchers created a strain of bacteria that can produce bicyclobutanes, high-energy carbon rings useful in chemicals and materials. The bacteria were engineered using directed evolution, allowing them to efficiently create the strained rings under ambient conditions.
Researchers analyzed cysticercosis cases in Spain from 1997 to 2014, finding increasing hospitalizations, particularly among children under 15. The study also identified regional variations, with the Murcia region having the highest rate, and common clinical characteristics such as epilepsy and convulsions.
A recent study by the University of Exeter reveals that 271 million people visit England's coastal environments each year, with walking being the most popular activity. Additionally, research shows that these 'blue' spaces play a crucial role in supporting physical activity, especially among females and older adults.
A recent review and analysis of published studies found no consistent association between NSAIDs or acetaminophen use and exacerbation of Crohn's disease. However, a low-bias study showed a link between NSAID use and worsening of Crohn's disease symptoms.
A new algorithm developed by Columbia University researchers deciphers the genome's most hard-to-translate segments, providing a more complete picture of what DNA encodes. This breakthrough may help find the links between genes and disease, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and autism.
Expertise on DMTs is crucial for clinicians, and Dr. Coyle will cover induction versus escalation therapy, switching options, and stopping DMTs. With extensive experience in MS care and research, she aims to provide best practices on disease-modifying therapies.
Breeding king penguins form large, dense colonies that resemble particles in liquids, providing protection against predators and maintaining social cohesion. The unique structure of these colonies enables them to adapt to internal and external changes, making it crucial for predicting the species' resilience to climate change.
A study published in EPJ Data Science found that fiction books, especially those with high initial sales numbers, are more likely to become bestsellers. Non-fiction titles, however, are more likely to retain their bestseller status once achieved.
A study found that structural and functional connections between the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex are associated with individual differences in risk tolerance. Individuals with higher risk tolerance had larger amygdalas and more functional connections, suggesting a link between brain function and economic decision-making.
A new point-of-care test measures CXCL13 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose neuroborreliosis, allowing for targeted antibiotic treatment and reducing unnecessary treatments. The test provides quick results, reducing the time between diagnosis and treatment initiation.
A study using machine-learning algorithms and MRI analysis predicts the severity of neurologic impairment after spinal cord injury. The results show variable accuracy in classifying patients and identifying potential prognostic texture features.
Recent studies published in PLOS Computational Biology have introduced novel computational methods to explore the molecular function of proteins. These approaches aim to simplify the challenge of determining functions for an ever-increasing amount of known proteins by identifying shared functional sites and predicting their activity.
A European team of scientists re-examines giant solar structures, finding they don't rotate like traditional tornadoes. By analyzing data from several years' worth of observations using the Doppler effect, researchers determine magnetic field direction and plasma movement.
Young children tattle even when blameless, as a way to enforce social norms and cooperate with others. Research suggests that tattling can be seen as evidence of children recognizing important norms and caring about their importance.
The automated protocol simplifies sample preparation, reducing time and error. Researchers can now seamlessly transition to automation, relieving them from monotonous pipetting tasks.
Princeton University researchers found that lemurs who solve problems gain more social connections and attention from others. By observing the behavior of successful individuals, other lemurs are more likely to adopt similar skills and strategies.
Researchers from Uppsala University identified over 1,000 genes involved in rebuilding Stentor cells after damage, with the mouth part requiring roughly ten times as many genes to regenerate as the tail.
Research at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden links specific DNA variants to IBS in women, explaining its higher prevalence compared to men. The study found associations with constipation-predominant IBS and harder stools, reinforcing the role of sex-hormones.
A study by the University of Sussex reveals that climate change is altering the timing of events in the interdependent relationship between a rare orchid species and the Buffish Mining-bee. The research shows that rising temperatures are causing an increase in years where the sequence of events needed for successful pollination does no...
Researchers relax perovskite crystal to reduce strain and improve power conversion efficiency, achieving 20.5% efficiency with negligible degradation over 1,500 hours of operation.
A QUT-led study found that lane widths and speed limits significantly influence the distance drivers leave when passing, not cyclist characteristics. The study's key finding is that cycling would be safer with improved road infrastructure, such as more cycling lanes and stronger enforcement of the law.
Researchers created patient-specific bladder cancer organoids that mimic actual tumors, allowing for testing of multiple drugs and predicting individual response to treatment. The use of these personalized models may improve understanding of the genomics of bladder cancer and develop new therapies.
A new study found that up to 70% of 18-24-year-olds have never been tested for HIV. Young women and black/Latino individuals were more likely to have been tested than men and whites, respectively. The authors suggest addressing structural racism and behavioral interventions to improve testing rates.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor medications like certolizumab pegol show a low rate of major congenital malformations and similar live birth rates to the general population. These findings support continued treatment with anti-TNFs for women with chronic inflammatory diseases during pregnancy
A team from Trinity College Dublin discovered two new families of proteins, PALI1 and PALI2, that are vital for embryonic development and controlling cellular identity in complex animals. These proteins help understand why cells look and act differently despite having identical genes.
Researchers developed a surgical camera inspired by the morpho butterfly's eye to help surgeons detect cancerous tissue. The camera uses infrared signals to locate tumors and can be integrated with surgical goggles, making it more accessible and cost-effective than existing technologies.
Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology developed a cheaper production method for the cancer drug Z-endoxifen, using a paper filter purification process inspired by filtering coffee. This approach reduces production costs to 1,000 times lower than the previous method.
Researchers developed an index measuring similarity between cancer cells and pluripotent stem cells to predict tumor aggressiveness, treatment resistance, and clinical outcome. The index may help identify novel therapeutic targets against cancer by pinpointing the point at which tumor cells acquire stem cell-like characteristics.
A recent analysis found that the risk of death due to infectious causes after kidney transplantation has dropped significantly, with common bacterial infections remaining the most frequent cause. The study revealed a drop in infection-related mortality by half since the 1990s, indicating improved outcomes for transplant recipients.