Researchers tracked over 10,000 molecule trajectories to find increased reaction rates and reduced adhesion in nanowell-confined catalysis. The study could lead to the design of high-performance catalysts.
A study of over 160,000 ranked chess players found that female players won matches against men more often than predicted by their ratings. The findings suggest that negative stereotypes about women's chess abilities do not significantly impact their performance during competitive games.
The Ohio Opioid Technology Challenge has awarded $10,000 prizes to five innovative concepts addressing drug abuse and addiction. The top ideas include digital therapies, augmented reality coaching systems, and virtual reality prevention tools.
In a recent study, red foxes and coyotes were found to coexist in the urban environment of Madison, Wisconsin, due to abundant food resources. The animals' home ranges were classified into five categories based on human development, with coyotes preferring natural spaces and red foxes opting for developed areas.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center used a novel approach to find that the FDA-approved drug clofarabine can shut down Ewing sarcoma cells in lab tests. The study suggests that clofarabine may be effective in treating this rare and aggressive cancer, which primarily affects young people.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo developed a blood vessel-on-a-chip technology that recreates a human blood vessel and shows how new capillaries grow from a single vessel. The technology can be used to develop drugs targeting angiogenesis, which is a key process in cancer growth.
A study reveals that two bacteria can induce cervical changes linked to spontaneous preterm birth, highlighting the potential role of vaginal and cervical bacteria in premature labor.
Researchers have developed a new, highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method to identify and quantify Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in rat brainstem tissue. The study's findings provide insights into the levels of these neuropeptides during migraine attacks and stress, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets.
A study published in the American Journal of Hypertension found that longer periods of breastfeeding and more children breastfed are associated with a lower risk of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Breastfeeding is also linked to reduced risks of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases.
Astronomers detected methanol, dimethyl ether, and methyl formate in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a chemically primitive galaxy. The findings suggest that complex organic molecules can form in early galaxies, potentially leading to life.
A new theory from Northwestern University predicts that molecules are not survivors but brand-new molecules formed in the winds with unique properties. These new molecules can thrive in the hostile environment of black hole winds.
Scientists at McGill University Health Centre and the University of Lorraine discovered a new cause of cblC, a rare condition affecting vitamin B12 processing. The study found epimutation, a gene modification causing silencing of one copy of the MMACHC gene, leading to severe health problems.
Residents of Moscow and St Petersburg live significantly longer than those in other regions of Russia due to high quality medical care and higher education levels. The study found a significant difference in life expectancy between city dwellers and rural residents, with average increases of 4.3 years for women and 2.6 years for men.
A recent review found that mindfulness strategies can immediately reduce cravings for food and drinks, as well as substance use. The research suggests that these strategies work by occupying working memory, leading to extinction processes that eventually result in reduced cravings.
Researchers developed a practical approach combining clever land use and urban radiation management to cool extreme summer temperatures locally. The measures can lower temperatures in agricultural regions and densely populated areas by up to two degrees Celsius.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center conducted a study on a brain pacemaker to slow the decline of problem-solving and decision-making skills in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The deep brain stimulation (DBS) implant improved cognitive, behavioral, and functional abilities in patients.
A new study invalidates the UK's folate intake limit, citing a 'flawed' analysis that has hindered efforts to prevent neural tube defects. The findings support mandatory fortification of flour with folic acid to protect babies from these birth defects.
Researchers have discovered a link between male sex hormone levels and vitamin D metabolism that may be targeted to treat osteoporosis in men undergoing prostate cancer therapy. Progesterone receptor blockers could enhance the effectiveness of vitamin D supplements, reducing bone fracture risks.
Phoronida, Bryozoans, and Brachiopods are related despite earlier arguments. A recent study led by Elena Temereva reveals the presence of homological nerve elements in their lophophore, establishing a common protophoronid ancestor.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured a powerful ring of storms surrounding Tropical Cyclone Cebile's eye, with temperatures as cold as minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm underwent eyewall replacement on January 30, expanding its pinhole eye to 60 nautical miles wide.
A new interactive online tool helps breast cancer patients better understand their treatment options, resulting in higher knowledge and preparedness. The tool assesses patients' values and provides a customized bar graphic to guide decision-making.
Emory immunologist Max Cooper and Dr. Jacques Miller are recognized for deciphering the two types of lymphocyte lineages involved in adaptive immunity, laying the groundwork for understanding nearly all fields touched by immunology. Their discoveries have fueled advancements in anti-cancer drugs and treatments for autoimmune diseases.
A study published in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology found that patient age, insurance, and race are associated with risk of receiving an unneeded antibiotic prescription. Advanced practice providers were 15% more likely to prescribe antibiotics than physician providers, highlighting the need for tailored education.
Scientists at Nanyang Technological University have created a customizable, fabric-like power source that can be recharged many times and has the ability to store an electrical charge four times higher than most existing stretchable supercapacitors. The editable supercapacitor is made of strengthened manganese dioxide nanowire composit...
A £680,000 EU-funded project aims to enhance rolling stock maintenance with condition monitoring techniques, resulting in cost savings and improved passenger satisfaction. The University of Huddersfield's Institute of Railway Research is testing new methods on London Underground trains.
The GPM satellite identified heavy rainfall in Tropical Cyclone Fehi, with powerful storms dropping rain at a rate of over 3 inches per hour. The storm weakened as it moved southward, transitioning into an extra-tropical cold core system.
The Diplachne genus, consisting of two species, exhibits remarkable features such as high salt tolerance and the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This discovery has significant implications for the reclamation of salinized agricultural soils.
A new study from Tulane University finds that medical students who devoted more time to the humanities during medical school had significantly higher levels of positive physician attributes like empathy, tolerance of ambiguity, wisdom, and emotional intelligence. This is linked to lower levels of adverse traits like burnout.
Researchers found that women following a Mediterranean-style diet before IVF had a 65-68% greater likelihood of achieving a successful pregnancy and birth compared to those with the lowest adherence. The study suggests that a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, may help increase chances of fertility.
The wireless photometer uses an ultrathin probe to record neural activity in freely moving animals with reduced anxiety-like behavior compared to traditional systems. The device offers a new approach to measuring neuronal dynamics in deep brain regions.
Researchers have resolved the ambiguity between Ampere's and Gilbert's forms of magnetic force, enabling characterization of particle spin dynamics in inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields. This advance can be applied to precision experiments, including those involving muons and neutrinos.
Researchers have found that PD-1 inhibitors can be effective in treating supratentorial pediatric ependymoma, a type of brain cancer with poor prognosis. The study identified RELA-fusion as a genetic cause and showed that these tumors express high levels of PD-L1, which can be targeted by PD-1 inhibitors.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discover that oestrogen can induce neuroblastoma cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells. This finding has implications for treating aggressive forms of the disease, particularly those with high levels of the oestrogen receptor.
A study found associations between natural environment features and older people's physical activity, with water fronts and diverse landscapes encouraging mobility. Environmental factors such as walking difficulties were considered, revealing that older adults benefit from neighborhood design promoting outdoor movement.
Researchers developed a new theory identifying key individuals spreading news and viruses in epidemics by analyzing message transmission dynamics. The study predicts the influence of spreaders in networks, enabling efficient immunization strategies and identifying influential actors.
Plant species in the European Alps have shifted their elevational ranges upslope over the past several decades, with average abundance increasing. This trend has slowed at higher elevations, resulting in increased competition among species, particularly those at the highest elevations.
A new report suggests that improving health and economic activity among those aged over 50 is key to addressing the UK's pension crisis. The Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation (CSFI) recommends creating an 'active aging' environment, which would raise lifetime earnings and saving levels.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that electrical stimulation of the lateral temporal cortex enhances word recall, making it easier for patients to remember previously viewed words. The study suggests potential new treatment devices for memory and cognitive deficits.
Research in Canadian Medical Association Journal reveals that teenagers whose mothers had abortions are more likely to have abortions themselves. The study found a 10.1% abortion rate among these teens, compared to 4.2% for those without maternal abortion history.
Researchers analyzed over 270 million years of data to find that mammals and birds are better equipped to evolve and adapt to a changing climate. They have the ability to regulate their body temperature, allowing them to thrive in colder temperatures.
Huntsman Cancer Institute has been selected as a NCI Center for patient-derived model development, utilizing cutting-edge research to test new drugs and drug combinations for breast cancer. The goal is to provide data to prioritize clinical trials and help determine why certain drugs work for some people and others do not.
Experts from obstetric care and addiction medicine meet to discuss the current evidence on substance use disorders (SUD) in pregnancy. They aim to review existing barriers to accessing treatment for SUD in pregnant women and provide clinical guidance for obstetric care providers.
Researchers have designed a new approach to share scientific data, allowing for faster and more secure access. The 'Modern Research Data Portal' architecture uses Globus and the Science DMZ to simplify data transfers, enabling scientists to collaborate more easily.
A new study reveals that songbirds can 'see' reference to certain vocalizations, enabling them to perceive an inanimate object as a real snake. This cognitive ability allows birds to efficiently search out a predator regardless of its spatial position.
A new study from McGill University compares the nutritional values of soy milk and other popular plant-based milks with cow's milk. Soy milk emerges as a clear winner due to its balanced nutritional profile, containing anti-carcinogenic properties and essential nutrients.
A new study identifies the details of how ocean acidification affects coral skeletons, allowing scientists to predict where corals will be more vulnerable. The research found that ocean acidification particularly impedes the thickening process, decreasing the skeletons' density and leaving them more vulnerable to breaking.
Dr. Treena Arinzeh's bioactive composite matrix is designed to work alone or with patient's own bone marrow to repair bone defects, offering improved cell attachment, bone ingrowth and formation. The technology aims to reduce recovery time and cost associated with bone grafts.
New research suggests that language is learned in brain systems also used for tasks like remembering shopping lists and driving. Children learn their native language in evolutionarily ancient brain circuits, while adults learn foreign languages in both declarative and procedural memory.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience found that modifying the properties of land surface in populated areas and agricultural lands could reduce extreme temperatures by 2-3°C. Changing crops, adopting no-till agriculture, and lightening infrastructure are proposed modifications.
Researchers at Penn State are studying methods for raising heritage-breed turkeys, which sell for four times the cost of commercial birds. The birds have distinct characteristics, such as smaller breasts and gamier flavor, and require alternative production methods due to their natural breeding and dietary needs. The study's first phas...
Scientists discovered clues to disease risk lie in molecular switches controlling genes, not just the genes themselves. The study used human induced pluripotent stem cells to model immune response variation between people, revealing that genetic effects are often hidden if not thoroughly searched for.
Scientists at CRAG have found that plant cells know when to stop growing by detecting their size, allowing for coordinated division, elongation, and differentiation. This process is also linked to the effect of steroid hormones, such as brassinosteroids, on root growth.
Researchers identified four personas shaping teenagers' online behavior: the Lurker who avoids peer drama on social media, the Geek who shares anonymous content, the Internet Celebrity who values visibility, and the Victim who suffers from personal exposure and shame.
A study funded by NIH found that graduates of a high-quality early childhood program showed higher attainment of college degrees compared to a similar group. The Child-Parent Centers (CPC) program, which provided intensive instruction and parental support, had a positive impact on adults' educational outcomes.
Researchers at KAUST have developed corrugated arrays of interdigitated back contact solar cells with screen-printed aluminum contacts that can bend without cracking. The cells have a record-breaking efficiency for both silicon solar cell efficiency and bendability.
Researchers found that manipulating culture environment and 'priming' stem cells can enhance their function, optimizing therapeutic potential for diseases in humans and animals. The study's results demonstrate a significant enhancement of reparative capacity in stem cells treated with interferon gamma.
Physicists at Mainz University have successfully manipulated the Néel vector orientation in metallic thin films of Mn2Au, a compound featuring much faster information-writing and stability. The discovery could lead to ultrafast and stable magnetic memory.
The Entomological Society of America has published a new guide for managing brown recluse spider infestations. The guide reviews existing research and summarizes best practices for integrated pest management, including monitoring, mechanical removal, targeted insecticides, and fumigation.
NASA's GOLD instrument successfully completed its initial power-on test, paving the way for further research into space weather events. The mission aims to improve forecasting models and understand the dynamic intermingling of space and Earth's uppermost atmosphere.
A $6.5M NIH grant will support a Center of Research Translation in Psoriasis (CORT) at Case Western Reserve University. The CORT aims to advance translational discovery and application in psoriasis by integrating cutting-edge technology and bioinformatics with basic and clinical science.