Researchers developed LEDs made of dislocation-free aluminum-gallium-nitride nanowires, which can efficiently extract light due to air gaps between nanowires via scattering. Treating the nanowires with a diluted potassium-hydroxide solution suppresses surface reabsorption, leading to a 49.7% enhancement in ultraviolet light output power.
Research highlights the importance of preserving healthy kidney tissue and minimizing ischemia time in partial nephrectomy to prevent chronic kidney disease. Minimally invasive surgery is also shown to offer therapeutic scope without compromising oncological outcomes.
An interim open-label study found increased product use of the dapivirine vaginal ring compared to a previous Phase III study. The data suggest that women's HIV-1 risk was reduced by more than half in the open-label study, known as DREAM.
A recent study published in Nature Communications suggests that deforestation could lead to a significant rise in global temperatures if not addressed. The research, led by Paulo Artaxo, used computer modeling and found that the loss of tropical forests would intensify global warming by 0.8°C on average.
Researchers have created an innovative method to alleviate common fears by reading out unconscious brain activity and associating feared objects with positive feelings. By using a mental exercise game and leveraging artificial intelligence algorithms, participants can become desensitized to phobic stimuli without encountering the feare...
Scientists have discovered a new way to modify phonon response in nanomaterials by harnessing zero-point energy, opening up possibilities for nanophotonics and nanoelectronics applications. The researchers created hybrid nanosystems with novel optical phonon properties.
A new study from MIT reveals that the brain uses both speed and rhythmic patterns to track objects in motion, leading to more accurate estimates. Researchers found that participants made better predictions when they had access to information about both speed and timing.
Researchers found that the primate brain quickly and efficiently shifts attention with each eye movement in a well-synchronized manner. This synchronization allows for optimal processing of relevant stimuli across saccades. The study's findings have implications for understanding disorders like schizophrenia and visual neglect.
Research reveals that individuals have different mindsets depending on their consumption goals, affecting how they perceive risk, product uniqueness, and purchase intentions. Marketers can improve sales by aligning selling cues with product types and customer inclinations.
Research finds that patients with undiagnosed neurocognitive deficits have poorer short-term outcomes after hip and knee replacements. Neurocognitive impairment was prevalent in older patients and those with depression, leading to increased hospital resources and slower physical therapy progress.
The expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD) now contains 772 species, providing a wealth of information for researchers studying oral health and overall wellness. The database's expansion will facilitate work on fighting infectious diseases and better understanding human health and disease.
The study projects a significant increase in total joint replacement procedures, with primary THR expected to grow 171% by 2030 and 330% by 2060. Revision TJR procedures are also expected to rise, particularly for TKR, which has been slowing its growth rate since 2008.
A new study found that low-income mothers, especially black and Latina mothers, are subject to greater scrutiny over their children's weight. The mothers worry about losing custody of their kids if they can't meet the health standards.
A randomized clinical trial found that opioid medications did not improve pain-related function over 12 months compared to nonopioid medications. Nonopioid medications resulted in less intense pain and fewer medication-related symptoms.
Researchers have developed a detection system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by modern museum artifacts, allowing for non-invasive monitoring of their preservation status. The system uses gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry to identify characteristic VOC patterns, enabling the classification of degradation states.
In an open-label study, nearly 90% of participants used the vaginal ring at least some of the time, with a rate of HIV infection half of what would be expected without the ring. The study found promising results for the desirability and effectiveness of the anti-HIV vaginal ring in real-world settings.
Researchers discovered that the fission protein Drp1 is controlled by an internal biological clock, which determines the design of mitochondrial networks and their energy capacity. Impairing this rhythm leads to a decline in energy production, with potential therapeutic applications for diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers discovered new functional regions in the human genome that are shared with most other mammals, providing clues to disease prevention and mutation resistance. The study used seven unusual species, including elephants and bats, to reveal new candidate elements for shaping clinically-relevant traits.
Researchers found a correlation between flying following hip or knee arthroplasty and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. VTE is a serious complication that can follow these surgeries, with 10 million cases occurring annually worldwide.
Researchers found that adult dogs were more likely to interact with speakers using 'dog-speak' containing dog-related words, suggesting improved social bonding. The study used naturalistic interactions between humans and dogs to test the effectiveness of this communication style.
Two US programs, Sportsmetrics and PEP, have been shown to significantly decrease non-contact ACL injury rates and alter dangerous neuromuscular movement patterns in female athletes. These programs improve muscle strength, reduce muscular imbalances, and decrease landing forces.
Researchers found that high school students preferred seasoned vegetables, except for sweet potatoes, and the seasonings were developed specifically with school dietary guidelines in mind. This simple recipe modification could result in more students eating vegetables and less food waste in schools.
Researchers have improved crop water-use-efficiency by 25% without compromising yield, using a single gene. The team increased photosynthetic protein PsbS levels to conserve water, allowing plants to grow faster and yield more during dry spells.
Researchers at Arizona State University have made a significant breakthrough in lithium-metal batteries, discovering a way to mitigate dendrite growth that can reduce energy density and cause fires or explosions. The new solution involves using a 3D layer of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate for lithium metal anode.
The NHS Health Check programme is estimated to prevent around 300 premature deaths annually, with feasible changes potentially tripling the benefits. The programme improves population health and reduces health inequalities by targeting high-risk adults.
Four neuroscientists, including Christian Haass, receive the Brain Prize for their work on the genetic and molecular bases of Alzheimer's disease. Their research has revolutionised understanding of the changes in the brain that lead to Alzheimer's, with potential implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Researchers discovered a potential way to prevent mosquito-borne diseases like Zika and dengue by targeting the sphingolipid pathway in the midgut. This approach could stall viral replication and prevent transmission to humans.
In Lesotho, a clinical study validated a new approach to HIV testing and treatment, offering voluntary tests in remote villages. This strategy increased treatment rates by 26%, with 69% of patients on therapy three months after initial testing, compared to 43% in standard approaches.
IMDEA Networks Institute and TELCARIA launch project to achieve high performance and dynamic traffic processing in 5G networks. The research aims to separate processing from factors like location, time, scaling, and hardware, enabling scalable and flexible network design.
A new blood test for Zika virus can detect the virus up to 8 weeks after infection, providing a powerful tool for screening pregnant women and adults. The test, called ZIKV-NS2B-concat ELISA, is faster, less expensive, and more accurate than existing options, with rates of false positives and false negatives of less than 5%.
Tropical Cyclone Dumazile brought extremely heavy rainfall to Madagascar, with over 210 mm of precipitation reported along the northeastern coast. The GPM satellite detected intense bands of rain and storms dropping rain at rates of up to 160 mm/hour, causing widespread flooding.
A study using worms has discovered the mechanisms involved when multicellular organisms die, particularly as a result of old age. The research found that death spreads through the organism via cellular necrosis, triggered by calcium release, leading to muscle hypercontraction and rigor mortis.
A new study published in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology found a clear link between a person's health and their perceptions of fairness at work over time. Colleague support was identified as the most significant factor in this link, suggesting that organisations should foster a supportive culture among colleagues to ensur...
A new database charts Europe's urban mine, revealing vast quantities of scarce metals in vehicles and electrical equipment. The EU's dependence on imported metals poses a strategic and economic risk, and recycling is crucial for the transition to greener technologies.
Research finds that 54.7% of parents encourage their children to specialize in a single sport, increasing injury risk and burnout. Sports specialization can decrease enjoyment due to excessive training and limit cross-training benefits.
Researchers observed cooperative behavior in Neolamprologus obscurus fish, excavating stones to create shelter and increase food abundance. The study found that helpers played a crucial role in maintaining and expanding these shelters, leading to increased prey abundance and improved breeding success.
Physicists Sebastian Deffner and Anthony Bartolotta developed techniques for describing the thermodynamics of very small systems with high energy, which could lead to a better understanding of the birth of the universe. They found that in their model system, the system was more likely to return multiple particles upon sending in just one.
Researchers discovered a crucial link between virus sensing and gene expression in plant immune systems. The Rx1-Glk1 connection enables plants to regulate their antiviral responses without overdoing it.
A new study suggests that photosynthesis may have evolved as long as 3.6 billion years ago, contradicting previous estimates. This finding implies that oxygenic photosynthesis, which produces all the oxygen on Earth, started earlier than thought, potentially allowing early life to diversify and dominate the world.
Researchers at WashU Medicine used CRISPR to engineer human T cells that can attack human T cell cancers without succumbing to friendly fire. The new approach also allows for the use of therapeutic T cells from any healthy donor, eliminating the need for a matched donor or patient's own T cells.
A single PSA test increased detection of low-risk prostate cancer, but made no significant difference in prostate cancer deaths after 10 years. This study suggests that current policy against prostate cancer screening may be justified, as potential benefits are outweighed by harms from overdetection and overtreatment.
The enhanced weathering process has the potential to remove up to 4.9 billion tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere if basalt is used, but its costs and trade-offs are significant. The study suggests that basalt could be a more sustainable option than dunite, which contains harmful substances.
A new audio-based interface called RAD enables visually impaired players to experience full 3D graphics and complex racetracks in racing video games. The system uses sonification techniques to provide players with relevant information, allowing them to form a plan of action and compete at the same level as sighted players.
The Endocrine Society's Scientific Statement examines the challenges of managing obesity, finding that individual weight loss approaches worked well for some people but not others. Surgical approaches led to greater and longer-lasting weight loss than other treatment options.
A novel risk assessment tool has been developed to identify patients at higher risk of post-surgical hip replacement dislocations. The tool, used in conjunction with a treatment algorithm, resulted in a six-fold decrease in dislocation rates among high-risk patients.
Researchers found that viewers' parasocial bonds with Trump formed through his reality TV shows contributed to his election, making voters more likely to like him and believe his promises. The study suggests that this phenomenon can explain the surprise of many Trump voters who crossed party lines.
A study published in Cell Reports found that accumulating ceramides can lead to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, a heart condition often associated with diabetes and obesity. Researchers discovered potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse the effects of this condition.
Researchers discovered that taurine is essential for protein synthesis in mitochondria, and its deficiency leads to severe neurological disorders. Maintaining protein quality also improves symptoms, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach with TUDCA.
Marine reserves have been shown to improve the growth rate, body size, and reproductive success of fish species. By providing a safe haven for fish to mature and reproduce, these protected areas help replenish depleted stocks and promote more sustainable fishing practices.
A team of researchers from the University of Pittsburgh's NSF Center for Space, High-performance, and Resilient Computing has developed a radiation-resistant computer capable of high-performance computing in space. The system will be launched on the International Space Station and is nearly three times more powerful than its predecessor.
A recent study by Boston University School of Medicine found that cardiac events and urinary tract infections were more common in Medicare patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The study also showed increased risks of central nervous system complications, gastrointestinal issues, and mortality among Medicare patients compared to...
A recent study found that a specific manipulation of dopamine receptors impairs chronic pain in male mice but has no effect on females. The researchers suggest that different types of cells drive the development of pain in males and females, leading to the potential for sex-specific pain relief medications.
A new study finds that large forest birds such as raptors and hornbills are being killed for bushmeat, leading to a decline in their populations. The research also reveals a surprising link between education levels and hunting habits, suggesting that higher education levels may be contributing to the problem.
Research reveals geographical differences in lung cancer treatment rates in England significantly impact patient survival. If optimal treatment levels were achieved, approximately 800 additional years of life could be gained annually for patients.
A study of waterfalls found that river bed rock composition plays a crucial role in shaping the surrounding landscape over time. The research revealed that changes to the river bed material significantly impact how quickly waterfalls migrate upstream.
A team from EPFL and NCCR Marvel has identified more than 1,000 materials with a particularly interesting 2D structure, paving the way for groundbreaking technological applications. The researchers developed an algorithm to analyze 100,000 materials, creating a database of promising 2D materials.
A Kaiser Permanente study found no association between multiple vaccines and non-vaccine targeted infections in infants. The research examined 193 children with non-vaccine targeted infections and 751 control group children, concluding that vaccination does not damage the immune system.
A growing number of centers are advertising stem cell therapies for knee osteoarthritis, claiming an 80% success rate. However, research has found poor levels of evidence to support the efficacy of these treatments, and no correlation between treatment costs and effectiveness.
Turtle ants rely on symbiotic bacteria to produce nitrogen, allowing them to thrive on low-quality food sources. The study found that these microbes are essential for the ants' survival, enabling them to adapt and lose traits like aggressive behavior.
A review of available evidence suggests that cannabis compound cannabidiol (CBD) may curb the frequency of epileptic seizures, particularly in children and teens with rare and severe forms of epilepsy. CBD was found to be more effective than a placebo at reducing seizure frequency by 50% or more, and improving quality of life.