Scientists from Samara University have discovered new chemical mechanisms for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) synthesis at very low temperatures, including -183 C. These findings challenge the prevailing view that PAHs can only form at high temperatures and suggest a possible link to the origin of life in the universe.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology discovered that carbon fibers with small crystals have good electrochemical properties, making them suitable for structural batteries. This innovation could reduce vehicle weight by up to 50% and increase energy storage capacity, while also enhancing safety.
The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center has received a $3 million NIH grant to investigate racial disparities in colorectal and breast cancer. The research program aims to identify genetic biomarkers for cancer specific to high-risk populations and promote medical and social policies that benefit communities.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have made progress in understanding the binding of chlorophyll to plant proteins. By studying a water-soluble chlorophyll protein from cauliflower and Virginia pepperweed, they found that amino acid variations can alter the preference for one chlorophyll over the other.
Children with inflammatory bowel disease have a higher mortality rate compared to peers without the condition, particularly if diagnosed before age 18. Careful monitoring is crucial for individuals diagnosed in childhood, especially those with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Researchers found nearly 200 gene variations linked to social behavior in sweat bees, including 21 clustered near genes implicated in human autism. The study suggests a core set of genes play an important role in shaping social behavior across species.
Research reveals that high stakes decision-making can transform employee behavior, leading to more cheating and less charity. Employees who exhibit virtuousness may become more self-serving over time.
A new study suggests that more equal women's opportunities and resources lead to distinct differences in preferences between men and women. The research, based on survey data from 76 countries, found a stronger differentiation in preferences in more developed and gender-equal counties.
A French prospective study found that nearly one in six premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer do not adequately adhere to tamoxifen therapy after one year, potentially leading to increased risk of recurrence. The study aimed to identify clinical and social characteristics associated with poor adherence to endocrine therapy.
A new study describes a method, called PrinTracker, that can trace 3D-printed objects to their machine of origin. The technology uses in-fill patterns, unique to each printer, to identify the source of printed goods.
Researchers developed an arthroscopic near infrared spectroscopic probe to evaluate articular cartilage and subchondral bone structure and composition. This technique provides comprehensive information on joint tissue health, enhancing the treatment outcome of arthroscopic intervention.
A newly discovered toxin, Tre1, produced by bacteria, targets vital proteins in host cells, causing disease-like symptoms. The discovery provides insights into bacterial biodefense strategies and the evolution of toxins.
A new study published in Pediatric Research found that children with asthma growing up in polluted NYC neighborhoods need emergency medical treatment more often. The study suggests that these areas may have other environmental factors affecting urgent asthma treatment.
Scientists at UC Santa Cruz and LLNL fabricated electrodes using printable graphene aerogel to build a porous three-dimensional scaffold loaded with pseudocapacitive material. The novel electrodes achieved the highest areal capacitance, while maintaining performance without sacrificing energy storage capacity per unit mass or volume.
Researchers have identified a novel subclass of metal-free ribonucleotide reductase enzymes used by bacterial pathogens to replicate their DNA without the required metal ions. This discovery could drive the development of new, more effective antibiotics that target this enzyme.
Researchers found that the brain's premotor cortex uses a 'neural scratch pad' to calculate fine adjustments, eliminating the need for physical change in the brain. This discovery may simplify the development of brain-computer interfaces controlling prosthetic limbs.
The 2018 survey revealed that government corruption remains Americans' primary concern, and the state of the environment represents fully half of Americans' top 10 fears. Most Americans do not currently share President Trump's immigration concerns.
Scientists have developed a quantum circuit that demonstrates the advantage of quantum computers over classical systems. The new design exploits quantum physics' non-locality to solve complex problems efficiently. This breakthrough brings us closer to realizing near-term experimental realizations of quantum algorithms.
A Yale-led team has identified four new genetic variants that directly damage gene sequences, accounting for an additional 5% of MS disease risk. The findings contradict previous theories on the role of common genetic variants in MS, providing promising new avenues for research and study.
A study found that patients with HIV are more likely to experience tuberculosis drug-related adverse events and have longer treatment durations. The researchers emphasized the importance of having resources and expertise to treat coinfected patients in areas with high HIV prevalence.
Scientists have discovered that DNA packaging proteins play a central role in the parasite's ability to alter its surface coat protein, enabling it to evade the host's immune system. This process, known as antigenic variation, allows trypanosomes to stay one step ahead of the game and establish long-term infections.
Researchers have developed gene-edited zebrafish models using CRISPR/Cas9, enabling precise point mutations to replicate human disease-associated genetic variants. This advancement improves the efficiency of disease modeling and opens new doors for understanding genetic disorders.
New research reveals that not all prion strain combinations result in interference, suggesting greater strain diversity than previously thought. The study found that co-infecting strains amplify independently, changing the paradigm of prion strain interactions and implications for interspecies transmission.
A remarkable new species of bony fish has been described from 150-million-year-old limestone deposits in South Germany, featuring piranha-like teeth. The fossilized specimen's jaws revealed long, pointed teeth and triangular serrated cutting edges, suggesting a mouth equipped to slice flesh or fins.
Researchers developed a secure multiparty computation protocol to facilitate collaboration among pharmaceutical companies and laboratories without revealing confidential data. The approach improved the ability of predictive models to identify new therapeutic candidates at an unprecedented scale and rate.
Researchers found that mothers adjust their behavior when a mid-ranking male rapidly rises in rank, reducing association with him and seeking stable high-rank males for protection. This highlights the females' sensitivity to the relative risks posed by different males to their infants.
A study using single-cell transcriptomics reveals the cellular and functional changes underlying type 2-high asthma, which can lead to more severe disease. The research provides new insights into how airway epithelial cells produce mucus and could inform the development of targeted treatments for asthma and other airway diseases.
The CRISPR Journal has published new articles on the development of a novel transcriptional activator system, CRISPR-Cas classification, patent appeals, anti-CRISPR proteins, and CRISPR-based art. Researchers have made significant advancements in understanding the complexities of CRISPR biology.
A special issue by The Lancet warns that primary health care is underdeveloped and underfunded, with half the world's population lacking access to essential services. The Lancet calls for renewed leadership to revive primary health care, citing its importance in delivering better health for all.
Researchers found that maltreated teen girls are more likely to experience suicidal thoughts due to poor mother-daughter relationships and high levels of conflict. The study, published in the journal Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, highlights the importance of relationship-based interventions for vulnerable youths.
A study by UC Berkeley researchers found that tracking students' eye movements can reveal more about their understanding of complex material than neuroimaging technology. By analyzing ocular activity, the team detected improvements in reasoning skills after intensive practice for the logic games section of the LSAT.
Researchers found that volunteers with dyslexia read faster when using green filters than without, while those without dyslexia showed no difference. The study suggests that the filters may attenuate cortical hyperexcitability in the brain, leading to improved reading performance.
A new framework proposes a logical and transparent approach to allocate limited resources for conservation and recovery efforts. This approach aims to identify the most important objectives and allocate funds efficiently, leading to greater confidence in funding agencies and partners.
The MIT CSAIL team has developed a new approach called DAWG to securely partition cache memory, making it harder for hackers to exploit Meltdown and Spectre vulnerabilities. This method can have immediate applications in cloud computing, especially in fields like medicine and finance.
A new study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics found that consuming vegetable nitrates, primarily from green leafy vegetables and beetroot, can reduce the risk of early-stage age-related macular degeneration by 35%. Eating 100-142mg of vegetable nitrates daily was associated with this reduced risk.
Researchers have found that a rare gene mutation alters brain development in mice, impairing memory and disrupting communication between nerve cells. Transplanting specific types of nerve cells into the brain improved memory problems in affected mice.
A special issue of the Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development explores local governments' engagement in food system planning. Key findings include varying levels of government involvement and the need for measuring progress or failure to identify successes and jettison failed policies.
Researchers at University of Sussex create breakthrough SMM with blocking temperature above 77 K, overcoming liquid helium temperature barrier. The discovery paves the way for advancements in molecular information storage materials and potentially increases hard disk storage capacity.
A research team has identified the genetic mechanism responsible for black cottonwood poplars' susceptibility to Septoria, a deadly disease. The study could lead to more successful hybrid poplar varieties for biofuels and forestry production.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a new approach called Density Estimation using Field Theory (DEFT) to analyze small datasets, inspired by theoretical physics. The method fixes shortcomings of common statistical methods, providing more certainty in conclusions.
Skin-to-skin contact between preterm infants and their parents influences hormone levels related to attachment and stress. Increased oxytocin and decreased cortisol levels during skin-to-skin contact are associated with higher parental engagement scores, suggesting a potential benefits of promoting early contact for preterm infants.
A research group at IBS invents contact-free annealing technique to convert polycrystalline metal foils into single crystals with superior properties. They successfully produced large single crystal metals up to 32 cm2, including copper, nickel, cobalt, platinum, and palladium.
Researchers at Nara Institute of Science and Technology discovered that shootin 1b is essential for neuron migration to the olfactory bulb, which affects brain development and adaptation. The study reveals how shootin 1b mediates a mechanical clutch to generate force for neuronal movement.
A recent study published in JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery found that e-cigarette vaping negatively impacts wound healing, causing damage comparable to traditional cigarette smoking. The researchers discovered increased tissue death and delayed wound healing in experimental models exposed to both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes.
A Loyola University Chicago study reveals that diabetes causes heart failure through the accumulation of methylglyoxal, which weakens heart muscle cells. The findings suggest new drug treatments to counter the effects of methylglyoxal and prevent heart failure in diabetics.
A computational tool using machine learning and optimization algorithms matches refugees to host communities with the best resources for success. Annie MOORE predicts refugee employment likelihood and guides resettlement workers in finding suitable placements, improving integration outcomes.
A new test developed by scientists at the University of York can accurately identify life-threatening prostate cancers, which could lead to fewer unnecessary surgeries and radiotherapies. The test has shown a high accuracy rate of up to 92%, potentially reducing healthcare costs and side effects for patients.
A new tool, Recovery Explorer, was developed to help conservation scientists make informed decisions on how to allocate limited funds for species recovery. The tool evaluates potential consequences of alternative resource allocation strategies and allows decision makers to examine alternative approaches.
Researchers discovered that cancer-associated genetic mutations are prevalent in healthy esophageal epithelium tissue, accumulating with age. By middle age, over half of the tissue contained mutant clones, suggesting a potential origin for esophageal cancers.
A global report confirms that tough gun laws in Australia and other countries have led to a significant decrease in firearm deaths, particularly suicides. The study found that the Australian National Firearms Agreement has been closely linked to this decline, with other countries showing similar results.
Researchers at Duke University and Yale found that flavorings react with vaping liquids, creating new compounds that could trigger irritation and inflammation. The study highlights the need for transparency on e-cigarette ingredients, particularly among youth.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have figured out the fundamental mechanisms behind the stability of bendable tubes, including drinking straws. By introducing pre-stress into the material, they found that the structure becomes more stable in a bent configuration, contrary to intuition.
Researchers are sampling annual bluegrass populations across Tennessee to quantify herbicide resistance and develop new diagnostic assays. The goal is to optimize management plans that integrate cultural and chemical techniques to mitigate resistance.
The project aims to create a personalized portal where people with epilepsy can manage their disease and find relevant information. It will integrate data from social media, electronic health records, and scientific literature to provide targeted recommendations and visualizations.
Research from Harvard suggests that reducing formaldehyde emissions could be more effective at reducing extreme wintertime haze than focusing solely on sulfur dioxide. Formaldehyde is formed by the reaction of SO2 with formaldehyde in clouds or fog droplets, and its sources are primarily vehicles and industrial facilities.
A new review paper suggests diversifying working lands, including farmland, rangeland and forests, to preserve biodiversity. This approach can extend habitats for wildlife and create more sustainable, productive farming landscapes.
Researchers found that corals living in more productive waters consume plankton and other microorganisms for energy, suggesting some corals are less reliant on symbiotic algae. This discovery could aid predictions on coral recovery from bleaching events and inform strategies for identifying resilient reefs.
A new study published in PLOS Biology introduces a tool to assess mouse distress through voluntary wheel running, showing strong correlation with experimental colitis severity. The findings may simplify statistical analysis in future trials and provide a better way to implement the 3R principles into biomedical research.
A study of oesophagogastric cancer patients found women experienced higher rates of nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mouth ulceration, and hair loss compared to men. The researchers analyzed data from four randomised trials involving over 1,600 patients.
Researchers developed a novel DNA vaccine that protected mice against multiple H3N2 viruses and severe illness, offering a promising approach to elicit an immune response against diverse strains. The vaccine strategy represents a step forward in eliminating the need for seasonal reformulation of influenza vaccines.