Researchers found a 5% sodium hydroxide solution successfully turns live Lebbeck mealybug specimens green, identical to the 10% potassium hydroxide solution. The new alternative is less corrosive, more water soluble and less expensive.
Research finds antipsychotics used inappropriately among home-bound patients with Alzheimer's disease, leading to poorer patient outcomes. Commonly used antipsychotic quetiapine is often prescribed based on behavioral symptoms and limited daily activities.
Researchers at UC Riverside have discovered a new cell type in the thymus that is similar to M cells found in the gut and airways. The newly discovered cells are like gatekeepers, acting as antigen-delivery cells for the immune system in organs such as the intestine and lung.
Fruit fly research suggests visual system is involved in regulating social behaviors, which could have implications for understanding human psychiatric conditions such as autism and schizophrenia. Altering GABA signaling in the brain affects social inhibitions, leading to increased courtship behavior in males.
A new study finds that targeting the ORAI1 calcium channel may provide a promising approach to treating oral cancer. The study reveals that activating this channel causes an influx of calcium into cancer cells, leading to increased pain sensitivity.
Tandem solar cells combining silicon and perovskite technologies achieve higher efficiencies while strengthening stability. The connection protects the frail perovskite solar cell from voltage-induced breakdown.
Researchers are investigating unknown transmission pathways between humans and wildlife, particularly with white-tailed deer, to predict the risk of spillover. The project aims to integrate these pathways into a modeling framework to mitigate zoonotic disease spread.
A new study suggests that synchronizing internal clocks can help alleviate jet lag and age-related problems. Researchers found that eating a larger meal in the morning can help overcome jet lag, while constant nighttime eating can lead to misalignment between internal clocks.
Researchers at CARe argue that taxing pharmaceutical companies is not a feasible solution due to potential economic consequences. Instead, they propose a hybrid framework combining the 'polluter pays' principle with a 'capacity principle,' focusing on solutions rather than assigning blame.
A large Kaiser Permanente study found that moderate aortic stenosis patients have similar outcomes to those with mild stenosis. Fine-tuning physician assessment could help identify patients who may benefit from surgery, improving treatment strategies.
A new study by Indiana University School of Medicine found that increasing pediatric readiness in emergency departments can reduce racial disparities in children and adolescents with acute medical emergencies. The higher the level of readiness, the lower the disparity between racial and ethnic groups.
A meta-analysis found that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) reduced dementia risk in Asian atrial fibrillation (AFib) patients compared to traditional blood thinners like warfarin. The benefit may reverse with increased age, necessitating further study.
A Washington State University study found that faster USPS efficiency increases the likelihood of voting by 3.42% in restrictive states. Mail voting laws with universal or no-excuse options had a higher probability of voter turnout, up to 70%.
A 4-month randomized controlled trial found that daily intake of resistant starch can lower liver triglycerides and liver enzymes associated with liver injury and inflammation. The treatment group had a different microbiota composition and functionality compared to the control group, leading to improved liver conditions.
A UNIGE team has identified a new mechanism governing microtubule growth, involving two proteins that form a liquid-liquid phase separation at the tip of the microtubule. This discovery opens up unprecedented prospects for developing new treatments that can act at the heart of cells.
A research team led by the University of Göttingen has discovered fossil spines that indicate the existence of irregular echinoids in the deep sea for at least 104 million years. The study provides insights into the past, including a mass extinction event that caused smaller species to thrive and changes in spine morphology.
A new study by George Washington University found that unionization increases employer compliance with OSHA's reporting requirements, leading to safer nursing homes. Non-unionized nursing homes are less likely to report workplace injuries and illnesses, making it difficult for policymakers to track and prevent these incidents.
Researchers at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology developed an AI tool to identify powerful drug combinations that significantly enhance cancer treatment. The 'meta-synergy' approach uses artificial intelligence and text mining to find optimal pairs of drugs, resulting in highly effective nanomedicines with fewer side effects.
Researchers from Osaka University have identified a novel mechanism by which GREB1 Isoform4 is involved in pyrimidine synthesis and causes malignant melanoma. The study found that GREB1 Is4 promotes cancer cell proliferation and regulates pyrimidine metabolism, suggesting it as a new therapeutic target for melanoma.
A new opinion piece highlights the safety gap in clinical trials and drug labeling for people with obesity, arguing that correct dosing instructions should be included on labels. The authors recommend a three-pronged approach to address this gap, including conducting studies in people with obesity before market approval.
Researchers have identified specific progenitor cells in mouse embryos that differentiate into left ventricle cardiomyocytes, highlighting the complexity of early heart formation. The discovery provides insights into congenital heart disease mechanisms and may lead to improved treatments for left ventricle-related issues.
In a cohort study of 2,055 patients with glomerular diseases, COVID-19 vaccination did not worsen kidney damage or affect proteinuria. The data support vaccination for COVID-19 in patients with glomerular disease.
A new global definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been proposed by experts, expanding the criteria to include non-invasive ventilation and pulse oximetry. The updated definition aims to improve recognition of ARDS at an earlier stage, allowing for more effective interventions.
The University of Miami has been awarded a $23.57 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to join the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. The research team will investigate how stress experienced by parents can affect their children's development.
The new tool considers psychological and physiological characteristics of citizens, as well as spatial parameters, to provide site-specific recommendations for urban planners. The results show that balance is key to quality in urban space, with no single element more important than others.
Clarissa Campbell and Barbara Maier receive prestigious ERC Starting Grants for their research on the interplay between the immune system and metabolism, as well as the role of lymph nodes in cancer. The grants will support their work on understanding immune cells in the gut and the crosstalk between tumors and lymph nodes.
A sweeping analysis of over 130 traits and millions of couples reveals that birds of a feather flock together, with similarities common among partners. The study confirms the notion that genetics plays a role in shaping human relationships, debunking the idea that opposites attract.
Researchers from Sophia University found that simulating absence of benefits does not increase beneficiaries' gratitude. Beneficiaries who didn't expect a gift or imagined not receiving it showed similar levels of gratitude as those who did, contrary to previous hypotheses.
Research finds ADHD is a risk factor for major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, and suicide attempts. The study used Mendelian randomization to establish potential links between ADHD and these disorders.
Researchers have developed a sustainable solution to clean contaminated water using 3D-printed 'living material' containing genetically engineered bacteria that produce an enzyme to transform organic pollutants. The material's surface area and geometry optimize bacterial growth and decontamination efficiency.
Researchers aim to prevent Alzheimer's development by encouraging regular light-intensity physical activity, using wearable devices and personalized goal-setting. The study will explore the effectiveness of short-term goal prompts in promoting long-term adherence to physical activity.
A new international study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that vaccinated individuals had fewer lesions, mucosal disease, and needed less pain medication. Reinfected patients also showed milder symptoms, faster recovery, and lower rates of hospitalization.
A new study using eye-tracking technology found that it can accurately predict autism diagnoses, comparable to expert clinical diagnosis. The research suggests potential for earlier diagnosis and assessment of autism in routine practice.
A free online tool can help prostate cancer patients save thousands of dollars in out-of-pocket drug costs by comparing Medicare Part D prescription plans. The Medicare Part D Plan Finder identifies significant savings for patients taking abiraterone or enzalutamide, two common prescription drugs for advanced prostate cancer.
A study by Oregon State University found that forest thinning is enhancing native biodiversity and improving the resilience of older trees on federal lands in eastern Oregon. The research, led by James Johnston, involved long-term monitoring and partnerships between OSU, the US Forest Service, and local groups.
Researchers found that ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron buildup, destroys microglia cells in the brain's immune response, contributing to cognitive decline. The study's findings may lead to the development of compounds targeting microglial degeneration, offering new hope for Alzheimer's and vascular dementia treatments.
Scientists introduce a novel approach to recover lithium from used LIBs by using aprotic organic solutions to avoid hydrogen gas production and simplify the process. The new method is efficient, inexpensive, and reduces waste, making it an attractive option for sustainable recycling of lithium-ion batteries.
A study by Dartmouth researchers reveals that human shoulders and elbows evolved to facilitate 'downclimbing' - the process of descending from trees without dying. This adaptation allowed early humans to navigate their environment safely, gathering food and deploying tools for hunting and defense.
A new study from the University of Georgia suggests that engaged congregations are crucial in maintaining faith among youth as they age. The study found that youth groups and religious education courses lead to higher levels of personal religiosity in young people.
A groundbreaking review paper reveals the importance of GABA tone, the amount of GABA that regulates continuous signaling in the brain. The study identifies key mechanisms and functions, including astrocytes' role in regulating GABA tone and its impact on cognitive processes.
Historically underserved communities are more likely to live behind subpar levees with fewer resources to maintain infrastructure. The study highlights the need for targeted funding to address these disparities and reduce the risk of catastrophic levee failure.
A University of Adelaide-led study introduces a new method to engineer plant cell wall enzymes, enabling the production of valuable products. The technique involves controlling specific enzymes' catalytic function to assemble, structure, and remodel plant cell walls.
Wogrin aims to improve data aggregation and create more meaningful models with the same computing power, resulting in suboptimal investment decisions and costly restructuring of energy systems. Her research approach takes into account different supply situations, enabling compressed and differentiated model data.
Researchers found that crowdsourcing contests with professionals and public voting yield the highest returns and lowest volatility in stock prices. However, new product development contests carry higher risks due to uncertainty about commercial success. Large brands benefit more from crowdsourcing than small or niche brands.
Researchers from Michigan State University identify opportunities for win-win situations in land use, exploring the potential of legal reserves to balance agriculture with forest conservation. The study suggests an ecosystem restoration market could economically benefit regions with lower food production potential.
Researchers found a buildup of cholesterol in the retina contributes to diabetic retinopathy. Non-invasive retina evaluations can detect crystalized deposits, allowing for earlier diagnosis. The study suggests new treatments could be less invasive than current options.
Megaprojects like Boston's 'Big Dig' are plagued by ballooning costs and extended timelines due to a lack of experience among engineers and inadequate design margins. The authors propose several solutions, including modular systems, integrated EPC contracts, and fostering a culture of curiosity and adaptability
The EarliPoint device is a first-of-its-kind FDA-authorized tool for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Early detection can help jumpstart targeted treatment plans, improving outcomes for individuals with autism.
US preterm infant mortality rates have declined among all categories of prematurity between 1995 and 2020. However, racial disparities persist, while socioeconomic disparities have widened over time, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address these inequalities.
Researchers developed methods to predict CCS values using machine learning and computer models, offering a faster alternative to experimental determination. The study's findings provide a foundation for measurements using portable ion mobility spectrometers in the future.
Research found that active children produce less cortisol in stressful situations and exhibit reduced physiological stress reactions. Regular exercise may also help prevent high cortisol levels during exams by creating a positive association with the hormone.
A new study published in Environmental Research Letters reveals that poor water quality violations disproportionately affect the most vulnerable communities in the US. Approximately 70% of those affected ranked in the highest social vulnerability category, highlighting the need for a broader definition of disadvantaged communities beyo...
The Landscape Decisions Programme will showcase research on multifunctional landscapes, highlighting the importance of diverse views in land management. Key findings include the need to involve various stakeholders, including farmers, landowners, and investors, to tackle the climate emergency.
A new study breaks down the complex structure of snail mucus, revealing three unique types of secretions with different functions. The researchers identified novel proteins, some of which have never been seen before, and found that subtle differences in composition can significantly impact properties.
A new study examines racial and socioeconomic differences in US preterm birth and mortality rates over 25 years. Despite improvements, disparities persist, with Black infants 1.4 times more likely to die from preterm birth than White and Hispanic infants.
Researchers found that fermented onions, specifically from the Allium family, produce compounds similar to those found in meats. The team used fungi to ferment various foods and identified flavor and odor chemicals, including bis(2-methyl-3-furyl) disulfide, a potent meaty scent.
A new study forecasts the impact of marine heatwaves on top ocean predators, revealing varied effects and potential redistributions across international boundaries. The researchers developed models to provide real-time predictions of how species shift during heatwaves, informing proactive climate-ready management strategies.
Researchers used objective eye-tracking technology to quantify social visual engagement in young children, revealing its potential as a tool for autism diagnosis. The findings suggest that these measurements can help identify individual levels of social disability and provide insights into verbal and nonverbal abilities.
Researchers from Korea Maritime and Ocean University developed a new framework for solving the energy efficiency problem in IIoTs. The proposed SWIPT-NOMA-DAS system is five times more energy efficient than existing systems, with significant improvements in performance and battery life extension.
Researchers used drones to track Przewalski's horses and found a complex, multilevel social structure similar to human societies. The herd's movements revealed kinship-based relationships and familiarity between animals, with mare-mare bonds playing a significant role in harem formation.