How have selectively breeding dogs across decades and individual training shaped the way that dogs communicate? New from JNeurosci , researchers at Harvard University, led by Mélina Cordeau, sought to answer this question by examining the brain structure of 108 dogs using a noninvasive 3D imaging technique.
The research team discovered that selectively breeding dogs for close integration into human work and family life have altered communication-related brain pathways compared to more ancestral lineages. This was especially true of brain pathways pertaining to vocal and word processing. Comparing trained service dogs to dogs of similar breeding background revealed that training changes the strength of brain pathways related to interpreting cues and executing responses. Trained dogs also had stronger connections between brain areas associated with responsiveness to communication from others. Trainability could also be predicted by connections between different brain areas.
According to the researchers, this work suggests that genetic selection through breeding and experience across smaller, more individual timescales have shaped dogs’ capacity for communication. Says Cordeau, "More broadly, I think this type of research can help us better understand not only dogs, but also the human–dog relationship. By identifying how dogs process human communication, and how breeding and training shape these abilities, we may eventually be able to improve the way we interact with dogs, refine training approaches, and make assistance-dog training more effective and better adapted to each individual dog."
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About JNeurosci
JNeurosci was launched in 1981 as a means to communicate the findings of the highest quality neuroscience research to the growing field. Today, the journal remains committed to publishing cutting-edge neuroscience that will have an immediate and lasting scientific impact, while responding to authors' changing publishing needs, representing breadth of the field and diversity in authorship.
About The Society for Neuroscience
The Society for Neuroscience is the world's largest organization of scientists and physicians devoted to understanding the brain and nervous system. The nonprofit organization, founded in 1969, now has nearly 35,000 members in more than 95 countries.
JNeurosci
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2174-25.2026
Selection and Learning Shape Communication Networks in the Dog Brain
10-Aug-2026
The authors declare no competing financial interests.