With summer nearly here in North America, we often hear about invasive plants popping up in undesirable locations, "colonizing" different areas. But what if we shifted how "non-native" species are perceived? A Dartmouth study with two indigenous nations provides new insight into how the concept of "native" species is associated with colonialism, and how such framing runs counter to the lenses through which many indigenous peoples view their relationship with the world. Published in Sustainability Science , the study presents alternatives that challenge the native-non-native framework found in scientific discourse.
The ethnographic study was conducted in Michigan with 22 Anishnaabe tradition bearers, who are citizens of the Sault Ste Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians and Bay Mills Indian Community. Researchers spent two years conducting informal interviews and listening to the various perspectives of tribal citizens. Discussions focused on regional environmental change and on changes regarding two, non-native plants in the region: common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca). Anishnaabe tradition bearers, who took part in the study, explained the concept of "aki": the idea that the land and all living and non-living things are considered sacred, where every single being has their own special gift and has something to offer the rest of creation. According to this study, the Anishnaabe teachings of aki could apply in invasive species situations as well.
The research revealed three findings, which can help inform how invasive species are viewed:
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The study was co-led by Nicholas J. Reo , a citizen of the Sault Ste Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians and an associate professor of environmental studies and Native American studies at Dartmouth College and Laura Ogden , an associate professor of anthropology at Dartmouth. Reo and Ogden worked with several local Anishnaabe researchers including Bud Biron, Jamie Leblanc and Dani King.
Perspectives on invasive species vary widely across different communities and even within individual indigenous communities. Respectful relationships with plant and animal nations and careful stewardship are frequent themes in indigenous environmental management, but there are often divergent opinions about whether or how to address invasive species. The Sault Ste Marie Chippewa and Bay Mills tribal nations are sorting out these challenges one invasive species, or plant and animal nation, at a time.
The co-authors are available for comment at: nicholas.j.reo@dartmouth.edu and laura.a.ogden@dartmouth.edu .
Sustainability Science