Only about 25 percent of children with challenging behaviors receive mental health treatment, and dropout rates are high for those who do. This makes brief and effective intervention programs to improve relationships between children and their caregivers needed.
A growing number of open trials (clinical trials in which both the researchers and participants know which treatment is being administered) and comparison studies have supported the use of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE), a seven-session intervention program developed at the UC Davis CAARE Center .
A new study by researchers at UC Davis Children’s Hospital uses the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate PC-CARE’s effectiveness for children with challenging behaviors and their parents or caregivers. The study design randomly assigns participants to an experimental or control group and is often referred to as the gold standard in research. The study’s findings were recently published in the Journal of Child Psychiatry Human Development.
“Many families struggle with managing challenging child behaviors, but it is difficult to find behavioral health support. Because PC-CARE is brief and able to be conducted in many locations, it may allow providers to help more families in a shorter amount of time,” said Brandi Hawk, a co-developer and supervisor of PC-CARE and the principal investigator of the study. “As the first randomized controlled trial of PC-CARE, these findings are necessary for solidifying PC-CARE as an evidence-based treatment.”
Helping children and their caregivers through lessons, coaching
In this study, primary care pediatricians referred 102 children to the study from Sept. 2018 to March 2020. Study participants were referred from two pediatric clinics within the university health system.
To be included in the study, participants:
From those referrals, the parents or caregivers of 49 eligible children agreed to participate in the study, attended an initial assessment and were randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a waitlist group (which was the control group).
For those in the treatment group, PC-CARE treatment consisted of six weekly, 50-minute treatment sessions. Children and their caregivers participated in all sessions. Sessions consisted of the following:
Families placed on the waitlist received no PC-CARE services and were contacted after six weeks to attend another assessment and begin treatment.
Study therapists provided services at either a pediatric primary care clinic or an outpatient mental health clinic associated with the same university health system. Each family’s schedule and preference dictated where their sessions were held.
Communication, behavior improvements in seven weeks
After seven weeks, study findings showed that:
“These findings provide evidence that PC-CARE may increase access to services by addressing the attrition, length and location barriers of other parenting interventions,” said Hawk, who noted that their seven sessions had an 81 percent retention rate. “While other effective interventions exist, they are often time consuming, have high attrition rates and may not be easily adapted to different site locations.”
Hawk added that there is a need for effective interventions that can keep families engaged.
“These study findings show that PC-CARE offers notable benefits to both children and caregivers in seven short weeks,” Hawk said.
The study was funded by a grant from the Children’s Miracle Network at UC Davis .
The study’s co-authors were Susan Timmer, Lindsay Armendariz, Deanna Boys, Anthony Urquiza and Erik Fernandez y Garcia, of UC Davis Children’s Hospital.
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Randomized controlled/clinical trial
People
Improving Children’s Behavior in Seven Sessions: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE) for Children Aged 2–10 Years
11-Aug-2022