People with the highest fitness levels are less likely to develop hypertension, according to new research in the Journal of the American Heart Association .
"If you're exercising and you're fit, your chances of developing hypertension are much less than someone else who has the same characteristics but isn't fit," said Mouaz H. Al-Mallah, M.D., senior author of the study and a cardiologist at the Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute in Detroit, Michigan. "Increasing exercise and fitness levels probably protects against many diseases."
More than 57,000 participants in the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (The FIT Project) in 1991-2009 were referred for a treadmill stress test because they experienced chest pain or shortness of breath or to rule out ischemia.
Researchers measured the participants' physical fitness by calculating how much energy they burned in metabolic equivalents (METs), an estimate of the amount of oxygen the body uses per kilogram of body weight per minute. One MET is the amount of energy expended at rest; anything above that represents a level of exertion. High-intensity workouts translate to more METs.
At the beginning of the study, 35,175 participants had a history of high blood pressure.
Researchers found:
Further study is needed to determine how increasing and decreasing fitness levels impact hypertension risk over time, Al-Mallah said.
"Fitness is a strong predictor of who develops hypertension and who does not," said Al-Mallah, who is also an associate professor of medicine at Wayne State University and head of cardiac imaging at King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center in Saudi Arabia. "Hypertension is associated with a lot of other illnesses and adds significantly to healthcare costs, so we need to know how we can reduce it.
"This is a clear message to everyone: patients, physicians and lawmakers. It's very important to be fit."
According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure affects 1 out of 3 American adults. Normal blood pressure is when the top number in a reading, which measures pressure when the heart muscle contracts, is less than 120 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and the bottom number, which measures pressure when the heart relaxes between beats, is less than 80 mm Hg. Blood pressure is considered high when it's greater than 140/90 mmHg. Regular physical activity and a healthy diet can help keep blood pressure in a healthy range. Learn more about blood pressure at http://www.heart.org/hbp .
###
Co-authors are Stephen P. Juraschek, M.D., Ph.D.; Michael J. Blaha, M.D., M.P.H.; Seamus P. Whelton, M.D., M.P.H.; Roger Blumenthal, M.D.; Steven R. Jones, M.D.; Steven J. Keteyian, Ph.D.; John Schairer, D.O.; and Clinton Brawner, Ph.D. Author disclosures are on the manuscript.
The National Institutes of Health and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute partially funded the study.
Additional Resources:
Statements and conclusions of study authors published in American Heart Association scientific journals are solely those of the study authors and do not necessarily reflect the association's policy or position. The association makes no representation or guarantee as to their accuracy or reliability. The association receives funding primarily from individuals; foundations and corporations (including pharmaceutical, device manufacturers and other companies) also make donations and fund specific association programs and events. The association has strict policies to prevent these relationships from influencing the science content. Revenues from pharmaceutical and device corporations are available at http://www.heart.org/corporatefunding .
For Media Inquiries: (214) 706-1173
Maggie Francis: (214) 706-1382; Maggie.Francis@heart.org
Julie Del Barto (broadcast): (214) 706-1330; Julie.DelBarto@heart.org
For Public Inquiries: (800) AHA-USA1 (242-8721)
heart.org and strokeassociation.org
Life is why we fund scientific breakthroughs that save and improve lives.