Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved phenomenal progress over the past decade, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) soaring beyond 26% for 3D formulations. However, their rapid commercial deployment continues to be hindered by intrinsic environmental instabilities, such as sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, heat, and internal ion migration.
To resolve the trade-off between long-term durability and optoelectronic efficiency, researchers have turned to 2D/3D wrapping structures —an innovative architecture where hydrophobic, barrier-rich two-dimensional (2D) perovskite capping layers encapsulate the three-dimensional (3D) absorber bulk.
In a comprehensive review published in ENGINEERING Energy , a research team led by Dr. Yan Li (Xi’an Shiyou University & Politecnico di Torino) and Dr. Yujing Dong (Xinyang College) systematically evaluates the recent advances, underlying physical mechanisms, key synthesis strategies, and remaining challenges of 2D/3D wrapped perovskites.
Rather than functioning as a simple physical barrier, the 2D capping layer acts as a multifunctional interface that directly actively participates in crystallization pathways, interfacial chemical reconstruction, and selective charge carrier transport.
Key Highlights and Core Research Findings
Challenges Toward Industrial Commercialization
Despite substantial progress, the authors emphasize several open issues that require urgent attention for large-scale application:
"The essence of 2D/3D wrapped architectures is not merely depositing a 2D material onto a 3D surface, but forming a continuous thin film through self-organized reconstruction," the authors conclude. "Controlled interface design will evolve 2D/3D wrapping from a laboratory stabilization strategy into a universal paradigm for high-efficiency, highly stable, and commercially viable solar modules."
· Journal: ENGINEERING Energy
· Read the full article for free: https://rdcu.be/9uv7qpUCfK4a
· Cite this article: Wang, H., Li, Y., Li, X., Dang, W., Li, S., Gu, Z., Li, Z., He, M., Zhao, B., Zheng, J., & Dong, Y. (2026). 2D/3D wrapping structure: Applications and challenges in perovskite solar cells. ENGINEERING Energy , 20(6), 10967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-026-1096-7
ENGINEERING Energy
News article
2D/3D wrapping structure: Applications and challenges in perovskite solar cells
15-Oct-2026