A research team at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) has developed an eco-friendly method to fabricate perovskite solar cell (PSC) by incorporating a fluoride additive into a water-based solution. This approach eliminates the use of toxic solvents typically required in PSC production, while achieving power conversion efficiencies above 18%.
PSCs hold great promise for next-generation solar energy due to their high efficiency and low production costs. However, their large-scale commercialization has been limited by environmental and health risks linked to the use of toxic organic solvents in the fabrication process. Water-based processing provides a greener alternative but has struggled with lower device performance.
The Solution
In this study, QUT researchers introduced lead(II) fluoride (PbF 2 ) into the water-based precursor solution to regulate crystal growth dynamics and improve film quality. The fluoride additive accelerated the formation of the photoactive phase and promoted the crystallization orientation, both critical for efficient solar energy conversion. Additionally, the high electronegativity of fluoride ions helped passivate surface defects on perovskite grains, reducing energy losses and enhancing charge transport.
“With the PbF 2 additive, we achieved a power conversion efficiency of 18.1%, compared to 16.3% in the control device,” said Dr. Minh Tam Hoang, postdoctoral researcher at QUT and author of the study. “Even more exciting is the improved operational and environmental stability, which brings us closer to scalable, green manufacturing of PSCs.”
The Impact
This research provides an effective strategy to produce stable, high-efficiency PSCs using water solvent—making the technology more viable for commercial production and reducing environmental impacts.
The study also highlights the growing importance of fluoride-based additives in green chemistry and sustainable energy technologies.
The study was recently published in the online edition of Materials Futures , a leading journal in materials science and clean energy research.
Reference
Minh Tam Hoang, Junxian Liu, Yang Yang, Maciej Klein, Wei-Hsun Chiu, Yongyue Yu, Ngoc Duy Pham, Paul Moonie, Ajay Pandey, Liangzhi Kou, Hongxia Wang. Lead (II) fluoride additive modulating grains growth of water-processed metal halide perovskites for enhanced efficiency in solar cells[J]. Materials Futures. DOI: 10.1088/2752-5724/adc8c0
Materials Futures
Lead (II) fluoride additive modulating grains growth of water-processed metal halide perovskites for enhanced efficiency in solar cells