DETROIT -- Brain stimulation, already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, has now been shown to offer significant relief to patients with intractable seizures for whom drugs and other treatments have not worked.
This is the major finding of a first-of-its-kind study of responsive electric brain stimulation in adults with "medically refractory," or hard to treat, epilepsy.
The NeuroPace Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) System consists of a miniaturized, implanted computer which can detect seizures from electrodes implanted into or on the surface of the brain and deliver an electrical pulse to stop them.
Henry Ford Hospital was the only site in Michigan to participate in this multicenter investigation, which was based in California. The study is published in the current issue of Neurology .
"For the third of people who have tried two or three medications for their epilepsy, but are still having seizures, the standard of care is removing the abnormal part of the brain that is causing seizures. Over 50 percent of patients undergoing surgical removal of brain tissue causing seizures will be cured of their epilepsy," says Jason M. Schwalb, M.D., Director, Movement Disorder and Behavioral Neurosurgery at Henry Ford Health System.
"However, there are people who are not candidates for this type of surgery because of potential side effects. Until now, we have not had great treatment options. The RNS system is an attractive option for these patients, especially since it is reversible."
A total of 191 adults, ages 18 to 70, whose disabling epileptic seizures had not been controlled by at least two medications, were chosen. They were studied at 32 medical sites throughout the U.S. for three years, beginning in late 2005.
All patients were implanted with electric leads attached to one or two seizure focal points in their brains. Their abnormal brain activity was recorded for a month, and then they were chosen at random either to receive electric stimulation or to be given "sham," or no treatment.
The researchers found:
The RNS epilepsy study was funded by NeuroPace, Inc., of Mountain View, Calif., manufacturer of the neurotransmitter used by the researchers for responsive brain stimulation.
Neurologists from the Henry Ford Comprehensive Epilepsy Program (HFCEP) who participated in the research were Gregory L. Barkley, M.D., who was the principal investigator for the Henry Ford Hospital research; Marianna Spanaki-Varelas, M.D., Ph.D.; Shailaja Gaddam. M.D.; and Vibhanghi Wasade, M.D. Helen Foley, RN, was the research nurse coordinator for the study.
For information on RNS stimulation and treatment of epilepsy, call the HFCEP Epilepsy Hotline at 313-916-3200.
Neurology