Professors Andrew Miall of U of T's geology department and Charlene Miall of sociology at McMaster University have found that reputation alone can significantly influence the legitimacy placed on scientific results produced by an organization. The researchers have named this phenomenon the Exxon factor - in the 1970s a scientist from Exxon proposed a model for oil exploration that was accepted at face value in the scientific community without any data or critical analysis. "Everyone just assumed that, because it was Exxon, the model had to be right even though no one had seen any proof," Andrew Miall says.
In their study, the researchers conducted interviews with company insiders and other scientists engaged in petroleum research and tracked the acceptance processes accompanying the release of the model in academic journals and petroleum research publications. Their findings showed a propensity on the part of scientists to unquestioningly accept the Exxon research on the basis of the company's reputation and large-scale research facilities without demanding supporting data. "Paradoxically," Andrew Miall says, "the model itself was not accepted inside Exxon until it was accepted by outside academics and industry geologists."
These findings have important implications for government policies, as agencies approving new products for public consumption may be influenced by a company's reputation and funding rather than by the validity of the research in scientific terms, say the authors. "The Exxon factor shows that reputations can carry weight over empirical data."
CONTACT: Professor Andrew Miall, Department of Geology, 416-978-8841, miall@quartz.geology.utoronto.ca or Lanna Crucefix, U of T public affairs, 416-978-0260, lanna.crucefix@utoronto.ca
Sociological Quarterly