Articles tagged with Algorithms
Scientists at the University of Georgia have created a two-step computer simulation using the Wang-Landau algorithm to study how glycophorin A folds into its functional shape. The research reveals that the process is driven by a subtle interplay between multiple types of interactions, providing insights into membrane protein folding.
Researchers have created a game called Magic Bullet to make labelling CAPTCHA images more efficient. Players can label images at a rate of up to 1,500 per hour, significantly improving the accuracy of human labels and helping to stay ahead of spammers.
Researchers developed a technique inspired by the human eye to improve object recognition, surveillance, and shape reconstruction. The new algorithm uses trust search regions to quickly identify objects with nearly double the accuracy of previous methods.
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a computer algorithm that can simulate the sounds of water and other fluids, allowing for more realistic graphics simulations. The algorithm is based on physics-based simulations and uses computational models to generate sound waves in response to vibrations and movements.
Huygens, the Dutch national supercomputer, establishes a new world record in Go by winning a 19x19 competition with a 7-stones handicap. The victory is made possible by the French software MoGo TITAN, which runs on Huygens and utilizes the Monte-Carlo Tree Search algorithm.
A new approach based on mathematical theory of elliptic curves has emerged as a leading candidate for more efficient cryptography. Elliptic curve cryptography provides the same level of security as 1024-bit keys for RSA with smaller key sizes, making it computationally more efficient.
A new computer algorithm assesses mammographic breast density by automatically segmenting breast tissue from background, removing muscle, and using region growing to determine dense areas. This method provides objective and accurate recommendations on further imaging or monitoring, reducing variability among radiologists.
Researchers at Caltech have successfully created a system using DNA origami seeds that can direct the self-assembled growth of DNA tiles into precise forms. This breakthrough demonstrates unprecedented control over information-directed molecular self-assembly, paving the way for future applications in technology and materials science.
A computer program using raw observational data teases out fundamental physical laws, particularly for biological systems that have eluded detection. The breakthrough uses a computational process inspired by biological evolution to analyze data sets and identify invariant patterns.
A study published in the International Journal of Biometrics proposes using knee X-rays for biometric validation, providing a unique and secure method for identifying individuals. The Wnd-charm algorithm rapidly analyzes X-ray images to identify specific knees and match them with a database, making it difficult for fraudsters to spoof ...
Researchers Johannes Soeding and Andreas Biegert have developed a new method called CS-BLAST that takes into account the sequence context to improve similarity searches. This approach can identify twice as many distant relatives of proteins compared to traditional BLAST, leading to better insights into gene and protein functions.
A Duke University-led team has developed a computer program that can redesign enzymes to produce natural antibiotics. The algorithm, called K*, sorts through possible shapes and changes of the key enzyme that produces gramicidin S, a natural antibiotic. This new technique may pave the way for more automated redesign of old drugs.
Scientists have developed a new equation of state for seawater based on Absolute Salinity, which is expected to provide more accurate thermodynamic calculations. The new approach aims to improve the understanding of seawater's properties and its role in the global heat engine.
A new mathematical model developed at Duke University could help robots navigate strange surroundings to find hidden explosives. The model, inspired by the popular board game CLUE, uses a strategy of selecting movements and optimizing information incorporation to achieve success.
A team of Duke University engineers has developed a new type of cloaking device using complex mathematical algorithms to guide the design and fabrication of exotic composite materials. The device successfully cloaks electromagnetic waves, bending them around an object to create an 'engineered mirage'.
Researchers at University of California, Davis have developed a 2-pronged approach to ward off self-propagating infectious programs known as worms. The strategy enables computers to share information about anomalous activity and use an algorithm to weigh the cost of infection against the benefit of staying online.
A new algorithm developed by scientists at University of California, Davis, can extract features and patterns from huge data sets using minimal computing power. The algorithm has been successfully applied to analyze complex phenomena represented by billions of data points.
Brent Heeringa's research focuses on three specific problems: optimal algorithms for hierarchical data, dynamic models of information organization, and new models for categorical data. His project aims to create systems where desired information is quick and easy to find.
A team of Berkeley Lab researchers won a prestigious Gordon Bell Prize for their algorithm innovation in high-performance computing. They developed the Linearly Scaling 3D Fragment (LS3DF) method to efficiently simulate the behavior of nanostructures, achieving impressive performance and scalability.
A team of Carnegie Mellon researchers has developed a new computational model that sheds light on the brain's processing of natural scenes. The model analyzes patterns in images and statistically characterizes them to determine which patterns are most likely associated with each other, enabling the brain to make sense of visual stimuli.
Scientists have discovered biomarkers predicting chronological and physiological age in nematode worms, with implications for human anti-aging therapies. The study's findings, published in Aging Cell, suggest that examining biomarkers over time can provide a scientific baseline for clinical trials.
A new computer program trains itself to predict genes in fungal DNA sequences, improving accuracy and efficiency. The program uses a probabilistic mathematical model to pinpoint boundaries between coding and non-coding sequences.
Researchers from Michigan Tech and U. Michigan develop innovative quantitative analysis to distinguish fibromyalgia patients from healthy controls, suggesting potential clinical relevance in sleep stage dynamics. The study's findings may lead to improved assessments and reduced costs for sleep studies.
Computer scientists develop algorithm to accurately capture hairstyle shape and appearance using multiple cameras and light sources. The method enables photo-realistic images of hairstyles from any angle, creating realistic highlights and animations.
Researchers developed an algorithm that finds symmetries in equations, speeding up solutions to fundamental computer science problems. The new method can capture millions of symmetries in under a half-second, whereas previous methods took days or minutes.
A team of UC San Diego computer scientists has developed a groundbreaking algorithm for 3D reconstruction from 2-D images, solving the long-standing problem of autocalibration. This technology has vast potential in various applications, including virtual product showcases and augmented-reality walkthroughs.
Researchers developed a new approach to image enhancement using PSO algorithm, which intelligently boosts contrast and detail in an image. The method outperforms existing approaches in terms of computational time and objective evaluation, making it suitable for various applications such as CCTV images and lower quality camera photos.
A Carnegie Mellon study identifies specific brain regions activated by familiar objects, such as tools and dwellings. The researchers used machine learning algorithms to extract patterns from brain activation scans, revealing that different brains exhibit common patterns for representing the same object.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon and Pitt describe a mechanism called dynamic connectivity, where neuronal circuits are rewired in response to specific patterns of stimuli. This process allows for more keenly sensed stimuli, such as recognizing scents, by filtering out noise and enhancing contrast.
A versatile algorithm called Cascades, developed by Carnegie Mellon researchers, identifies the best 100 blogs to read for early access to news. The algorithm also helps design efficient sensor networks in water supply systems by balancing cost and information collection.
Researchers at MIT have created an algorithm to convert brain signals into action in patients with paralysis or amputations, unifying disparate approaches to neural prosthetic devices. The technique provides a common framework for various measurement techniques and brain regions.
Computer scientists at UC San Diego create a new algorithm to generate annotated Internet router graphs, mimicking key features of the Internet. The technique allows researchers to experiment with different network topologies and test the sensitivity of various techniques.
Researchers at UCSD have designed a new algorithm that enables distributed rate limiting to enforce global bandwidth rate limits and dynamically shift allocations based on current network demand. The flow proportional share algorithm uses TCP to estimate bandwidth demand, providing fairness and practicality for deployment nationwide.
Scientists have developed algorithms to enable the 19 individual mirrors of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope to function as one telescope, allowing for sharper images and detection of distant galaxies. The 'Wavefront Sensing and Controls' system was tested successfully on a scale model and through computer simulations.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed software that allows for real-time visualization of air flow around speeding cars, creating a new effect for racing coverage. The technology uses Navier-Stokes equations to simulate complex systems quickly, enabling interactive simulations in video games and other applications.
A research team led by Dr. Benoit Coulombe has developed a powerful proteomics approach to infer putative functions of previously uncharacterized proteins by identifying their interaction partners. The study reveals an intricate network of protein interactions that connect together 436 different proteins.
A new algorithm for personalized ovarian stimulation therapy has been developed, demonstrating improved pregnancy rates in women undergoing fertility treatment. The formula, based on four easily measured patient characteristics, was tested in a prospective clinical study involving 161 patients.
A study from Colorado State University reveals that circadian rhythms regulate the function of all genes in mammals, influencing metabolism and health. Researchers analyzed data from thousands of genes using advanced algorithms to identify patterns of oscillation.
A new algorithm developed by Carnegie Mellon University researchers can create matches for three- and four-way kidney exchanges, increasing the efficiency of kidney exchanges. The algorithm has already been used by the Alliance for Paired Donation, a kidney exchange program, to identify potential transplants and improve transplant rates.
Dr. Andrew Stuart was awarded the 2007 SIAM Activity Group on Dynamical Systems J.D. Crawford Prize for his work on stochastic differential equations and their applications in physical models and Kalman-Bucy filters. The prize recognizes his outstanding contributions to the fields of stochastic ordinary and partial differential equations.
Ron Fedkiw's work on physically based simulation has improved realism in feature films, such as Poseidon and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. He designed new algorithms to simulate complex phenomena like water and fire, enabling unprecedented special effects.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed models and algorithms that enable the simulation of cell division using the university's System X supercomputer. By characterizing protein interactions regulating the cell cycle, they aim to understand reproduction in human cells and combat cancer, tissue regeneration, and pathogens.
A new system uses machine-learning methods to identify authors based on similar names, affiliations, and publication data, achieving 90.6% accuracy in a large-scale test. The algorithm will be integrated into the next generation of CiteSeer, the largest academic search engine.
A recent UCSD graduate has won an award for his work on human functional brain imaging, specifically analyzing competing Bayesian approaches for source localization. His research may lead to improvements in existing algorithms used in magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) techniques.
Mathematicians Brams, Jones, and Klamler describe a new method for cutting a cake called SP (Surplus Procedure), which ensures both parties feel they get approximately 65% of what they want. The article discusses potential uses of this method in dispute resolution and land division, and highlights its strategy-proof nature.
Stevens professor Rustam Stolkin has published a paper in the Institute of Physics Publishing's journal, Measurement Science and Technology. He and his collaborators used a robot arm to film video sequences, which were then used to test and validate robotic vision algorithms.
Researchers at Cardiff University developed an innovative algorithm inspired by honey bees' waggle dance to maximize results in manufacturing processes. The Bees Algorithm enables companies to efficiently adjust basic elements of their operations, resulting in significant cost savings.
A new mathematical method provides a better way to analyze noise by visualizing areas with no sound. Researchers credit this approach for its ability to tease out specific sounds from complex white noise.
Dr. Éva Tardos received the George B. Dantzig Prize for her groundbreaking work on network-flow algorithms, approximation algorithms, and combinatorial auctions. Her research focuses on efficient methods for solving optimization problems in graphs and networks.
The recipients of the 2006 Lagrange Prize are recognized for their groundbreaking papers on nonlinear programming without a penalty function and global convergence of a filter-SQP algorithm. These works introduced the filter idea, which has led to the development of effective nonlinear optimization codes.
A Florida State University researcher is creating unmanned ground vehicles to patrol areas without putting soldiers in harm's way. The Center for Intelligent Systems, Control, and Robotics is also working on algorithms that enable autonomous devices, such as wheelchairs and self-parking cars.
Researchers used a technique to analyze political book sales and blog networks, finding distinct communities and cohesion within groups. The algorithm identified left- and right-wing book groups and blogs, with rare connections between them, suggesting polarization and factional strength.
Indiana University researchers have created an Inauthentic Paper Detector (IPD) that uses compression algorithms to identify and distinguish between meaningful and meaningless technical texts. The system was inspired by a 2004 prank where MIT students submitted fake research papers, which were accepted without review.
Researchers develop two mathematical tools to analyze and optimize tensegrity systems in various applications. The optimization algorithm helps maximize strength while minimizing weight, leading to potential breakthroughs in bridge, building, and aircraft design.
Computer science has a profound impact on various scientific fields, including biology and physics. Chazelle emphasizes the importance of understanding algorithms in capturing complex realities, rather than traditional mathematical formulas.
A new algorithm called Automatic Distillation of Structure (ADIOS) has been developed to learn complex patterns in raw texts, including transcripts of parents' speech directed at young children. The algorithm can generate grammatical new sentences and prove useful in fields like bioinformatics.
Researchers from the California Institute, led by Professor Henrik Wann Jensen, unveiled innovative computer graphics techniques at SIGGRAPH. Their work includes a new method for real-time relighting of scenes illuminated by local light sources and an efficient technique to account for diffusion in multi-layered translucent materials.
The Common Message Authentication Code (CMAC) is a new authentication mechanism that uses block ciphers to verify the integrity of digital data. Developed by Japanese scientists Tetsu Iwata and Kaoru Kurosawa, CMAC is part of NIST's ongoing effort to update block cipher-based algorithms.
Artificial tactile sensors are being developed to mimic human fingers, providing detailed information on object shape and texture. The new technology could enable robots to handle delicate objects with increased precision and force control.
A study by Purdue University researchers found that pi's randomness is acceptable for data encryption and physics problems, but not always the best. Some commercially available random number generators outperformed pi in certain tests, suggesting that the quality of the algorithm used can impact randomness.