Articles tagged with Computational Science
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The Department of Energy's Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE) program has awarded 28 projects at Argonne National Laboratory with $400 million hours of computing time. These projects will focus on various fields including energy, biology, climate change, astrophysics, and more.
A team of Berkeley Lab researchers won a prestigious Gordon Bell Prize for their algorithm innovation in high-performance computing. They developed the Linearly Scaling 3D Fragment (LS3DF) method to efficiently simulate the behavior of nanostructures, achieving impressive performance and scalability.
The upgraded Oak Ridge National Laboratory supercomputer has achieved a sustained performance of over 1.3 petaflops, enabling researchers to simulate physical processes on an unprecedented scale. The new system will facilitate breakthroughs in climate modeling, renewable energy, and materials science.
The University of Tennessee at Knoxville has been awarded a $16 million NSF grant to create the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, or NIMBioS. Researchers from around the world will collaborate on finding creative solutions to pressing problems in fields like animal disease control and wildfire management.
The Argonne National Laboratory's IBM Blue Gene/P high-performance computing system is the world's fastest supercomputer for open science, with a peak-performance of 557 Teraflops. This achievement marks the first time an Argonne-based supercomputing system has ranked in the top five of the industry's definitive list.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new method to predict the properties of light nuclei, allowing for better understanding of element origins and star behavior. This breakthrough enables more accurate calculations of nuclear reaction rates, which are crucial for astrophysics experiments.
A new laser beam made in a University of Michigan laboratory has set a record for intensity, measuring 20 billion trillion watts per square centimeter. The intense beam could help scientists develop better proton and electron beams for radiation treatment of cancer and explore new frontiers in science.
David Mumford is recognized for his contributions to algebraic surfaces, geometric invariant theory, and the modern algebraic theory of moduli of curves and theta functions. His work has fundamentally changed algebraic geometry, laying the foundations for string theory in physics.
The NIST team will use the granted time to model concrete flow under various conditions, improving prediction and measurement of flow properties. The access to the Argonne machine allows for advanced computer modeling impossible with existing facilities.
A new computerized tutoring system aims to help middle school students develop a deep understanding of scientific concepts by teaching them to 'think like scientists.' The system will guide students' learning, assess their progress, and provide feedback automatically to teachers.
Researchers use Finite Element Analysis to test the bite force and feeding mechanics of Smilodon, finding a relatively weak bite that limits its killing behaviors. Despite this, Smilodon was an efficient hunter of large game and could restrain prey before biting.
Dr. Jaydeep Bardhan, a former CSGF fellow, received the prestigious Howes Scholar Award in computational science for his work on biomolecular modeling. He was recognized among only one or two fellows each year for his novel techniques and approaches to analyzing protein interactions and determining optimal molecular targets.
The inaugural IBM Blue Gene/P system will enhance researchers' ability to conduct breakthrough science and engineering at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. The new system will provide a leading computing capability for advancing knowledge in fields such as climate change, biology, and energy sustainability.
Computer scientists Steven Rudich and Alexander A. Razborov have made a significant contribution to the P vs. NP problem, a classic question in theoretical computer science that underlies the security of digital systems. Their work has implications for cryptography and electronic commerce.
A team of researchers is building a prototype system to automate scientific workflows, addressing the growing issue of data analysis overload in various fields like climatology and high-energy physics. The Windward project integrates AI and grid computing to create an efficient workflow management system.
The 2007 prize recognizes Dr. Shu's development of TVD temporal discretizations, ENO and WENO finite difference schemes, discontinuous Galerkin methods, and spectral methods. Dr. Shu is a professor of Applied Mathematics at Brown University and has made significant contributions to scientific computing.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison is leading a five-year, $30 million program to operate and expand the Open Science Grid, tapping into thousands of processors distributed across more than 30 universities and federal research laboratories. The project aims to lower the barrier to individual scientists using advanced computing.
The Open Science Grid Consortium has received a five-year, $30 million award from the National Science Foundation and Department of Energy's Office of Science to operate and expand its computing environment. The OSG enables scientists to share and analyze petabytes of data from around the world.
Frank Xu, Assistant Professor at Stevens Institute of Technology, has been awarded $300,000 by the US Department of Energy for his research on developing multi-scale stochastic numerical methods. The award will support Xu and a Ph.D. candidate for three years.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) awards student paper prizes to recognize outstanding scholarship in applied mathematics. This year's winners include Laurent Demanet, Emanuele Viola, and Hongchao Zhang from California Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and University of Florida respectively.
A European cyber infrastructure network is being developed to keep Europe at the forefront of computational science. The ESF Forward Look study aims to provide a conclusive guide for policy makers on what researchers need to maintain Europe's leading position.
Scientists have discovered a new magnetic phenomenon, 'displaced vortex states', that can increase the size of MRAMs, allowing for faster and non-volatile memory storage. This breakthrough could lead to improved performance and reduced wait times when turning on computers.
Vakalis receives award for his contributions to developing and implementing educational materials for Computational Engineering and Sciences. He aims to make students aware of the beauty and practical use of computational science, highlighting its intersection with mathematics and science.
CERN has been awarded a high-performance computing prize at the Supercomputing 2005 conference. The recognition is due to CERN's pioneering work on the LHC Computing Grid and its collaborative efforts with industrial partners in developing grid technology.
Boston University has reached the 59th position on the TOP500 List of Supercomputing Sites with its new BlueGene/L unit, which will be used by approximately 500 researchers. The supercomputer's computational power will enable research in subnuclear physics, genetics, and space weather modeling.
Researchers have developed AgentCell, a digital bacterial simulation that can study entire populations of cells in 3D, enabling rapid experimentation and simulation of cellular behavior. This innovation has potential applications in cancer research, drug development, and combating bioterrorism.
Researchers at the University of Glasgow are developing a solution to the problem of safe mobile computing by utilizing 3D sound and gestures. This innovative approach allows users to interact with their devices as naturally as talking to a friend while walking, minimizing the risk of accidents.
Researchers used MDCT to analyze the skeletal remains of early colonists, revealing evidence of scurvy and confirming the ages of the deceased. The study created a digital archive of the skulls and bones, providing valuable insights into the lives of those who settled on Saint Croix Island.
Researchers at the University of Florida have created a living neural network using 25,000 rat brain cells, allowing it to learn and adapt like a computer. The 'brain' can now control a simulated aircraft, paving the way for potential use in flight control systems.
Giles is a leading researcher in computational science, focusing on high-performance parallel computers and algorithm development. His work aims to bridge the digital divide by promoting diversity in computing and access to technology.
The Center for Quantitative Biology aims to tackle complex biological questions using advanced computing, microscopy, and gene chips. It will train future research leaders through a new undergraduate and graduate curriculum.
The study by ASU researchers could lead to smarter robots and a better understanding of how humans process patterns. Oscillatory associative memory networks have been shown to have high memory capacity, similar to the Hopfield network, but with oscillatory units instead of discrete states.
The gift will establish a comprehensive center utilizing information technology to connect basic research and biological systems analysis. This will enable scientists to build on recent scientific developments, gain insights into biological function in health and diseases.
The new study modeled earthquakes using computer simulations, finding that sections of the fault with increased material strength can focus energy to an unexpected degree. This results in intense bursts of seismic waves posing significant hazards to nearby structures.
Using a powerful supercomputer, researchers simulated materials' strength and behavior, gaining insights into fracture, work hardening, and customized properties. The study enables better understanding of earthquakes and design of new materials to resist brittle fracture.
Berkeley Lab is developing new computational tools, including algorithms and software frameworks, to tackle complex scientific problems. The funding will support the creation of a terascale simulation environment for accelerator science and technology.
Research suggests that most of the time during the Late Heavy Bombardment period, conditions on Earth were livable for microbes. The team's study indicates that only rarely would severe bombardment have made survival at the surface difficult, allowing hardy bacteria and viruses to find sheltered places to ride out the storm.
Researchers have identified a protein called BNC1 that plays a crucial role in sensing light touch, allowing animals to detect gentle stimuli like a mosquito landing on their arm. The study found that knocking out the BNC1 gene greatly reduces the ability to sense light touch, but not completely eliminates it.
Dana Longcope, a Montana State University physicist, has received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. He was recognized for his work on modeling the sun's magnetic fields, which helps explain solar flares and coronal mass ejections that affect Earth's technology.
The USGS will install a monitoring well in San Jose to track groundwater pressures and assess earthquake hazards. The project aims to improve models for estimating earthquake shaking in the region, enabling better planning and design of structures to reduce damage from future earthquakes.
The Alliance for Cellular Signaling project will study cellular communications in cardiomyocytes and B-cells using a mouse model system. The goal is to map out signals and develop a virtual cell that can be used for drug testing, with the ultimate aim of transforming cell signaling research.
Researchers found a genetic signature that divides patients with advanced melanoma into subgroups, offering clues to the disease's biology. This discovery could lead to more accurate prognosis and tailored therapies.
Researchers at Boston University developed a computer model to analyze how molecules move through super-cooled water, providing insights into life's survival at sub-zero temperatures. By understanding the 'energy landscape' of super-cooled water, scientists can predict how molecules diffuse and carry nutrients to cells.
Researchers create molecular footprints of information to encode diverse data, including music, on a single silicon surface. The novel approach enables precise control over structure and chemical composition of nano-devices, potentially leading to breakthrough electronic tools.
The German-Japanese Consortium has successfully sequenced human chromosome 21, revealing 225 genes with implications for understanding trisomy 21 and other diseases. The findings also challenge previous estimates of the total number of human genes, suggesting a revised estimate of around 40,000.
A junior scientist has improved the efficiency of organic solar cells and discovered a new type of transistor, enabling flexible circuit manufacture. This breakthrough paves the way for simplification of circuit manufacturing and potential replacement of traditional silicon-based solar cells.
Weizmann Institute scientists developed a new method to incorporate organic molecules into electronic devices, controlling their properties and predicting behavior. The approach overcomes challenges in detecting electrical properties of organic molecules, enabling a feasible way to harness their diversity.
A new chemical probe has revealed the tiny movements of DNA's chemical base pairs, which last only a fraction of a second. This discovery may improve drug design and help doctors understand diseases caused by genetic mutations, such as cancer.
Gamma-ray bursts remain a mystery despite over 2,500 recorded events and numerous burst sources identified. Scientists caution against interpreting data carefully due to potential systematic errors in measurement systems.
A new DNA chip method has been developed to identify and classify tumor types, offering a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The technique uses gene expression analysis to distinguish between different types of leukemia, such as AML and ALL, and may also be used to predict clinical outcomes.
The Howard Hughes Medical Institute has awarded $12.7 million in grants to 35 biomedical research institutions across 25 states to support science education programs in local schools. The grants will fund innovative programs, including computer-networked DNA laboratories and mentoring programs for rural and inner-city youngsters.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed a computer simulation to understand nanoelectronics, a field where single electrons control devices. The simulation explores the interplay between quantum mechanics and matter's granularity, enabling scientists to design and optimize next-generation nanoscale electronic devices.
Researchers have created an alloy that can handle high-power and high-frequency microelectronic devices better than pure silicon-carbide. The alloy conducts twice as much current, making it a promising material for next-generation electronics.
USGS scientists Mike Fisher and Art Frankel will discuss the potential effects of major quakes in Seattle using data from last year's SHIPS project. Scientists from other organizations will also describe the probabilities for a large earthquake in the Puget Sound area.
Scientists attribute the retreats to regional warming trends, which have caused annual melt seasons to increase by two to three weeks over the last 20 years. The ice shelves' disintegration is accelerating, with much of the Wilkins Ice Shelf likely gone within a few years.
Ground-penetrating radar is used to map large areas and determine snowfall patterns, providing a record for comparison with climate models. The technology can accurately date ice layers, which is essential for studying glacial cycles and changes in atmospheric chemistry.
A new technique using self-organizing maps can quickly analyze the activities of thousands of genes, grouping similar genes together. This allows researchers to identify patterns in gene expression and potentially discover unknown genes, leading to new insights into human health and disease.
German scientists have developed a laser that emits a continuous beam of matter waves, allowing for unprecedented control over atomic motion. The Munich atom laser opens new prospects in science and technology, including the precise deposition of atoms on surfaces and the creation of tiny nanostructures.
Researchers have discovered that screensaver keys can be vulnerable to hacking by scanning hard drives for random chunks of data. This could allow hackers to find and crack private signature keys, compromising encryption systems, particularly those on Web servers.
The Cornell team will monitor seismic waves produced by local and distant earthquakes using temporary recording stations set up in eastern Turkey. They aim to determine how the Arabian plate is being supported and what specific earthquake hazards exist in the region, shedding light on the early stages of continental collision.