Articles tagged with Game Theory
Biologists from the University of Pennsylvania explored how symbiotic relationships between species evolve to become specific or general, cooperative or antagonistic. They found that cooperative partnering strategies could persist in populations with one specialized host and a corresponding specialized symbiont.
A recent study using game theory explains why people with experience don't report sexual misconduct, citing a 'first mover disadvantage' and uncertainty over others' actions. Reporting improves when individuals are aware of other reports, problematic behavior is penalized, or targeted employees receive damage awards.
Researchers propose an alternative redistricting procedure that takes input from two major political parties and results in quantifiably fairer district maps. The bisection protocol, inspired by the
The Lombard effect is a cycle where individuals speak louder to be heard over background noise, increasing overall din. Researchers propose technology solutions and design changes to minimize the effect, such as individualized conversations via smart earbuds or altering wall absorption in spaces.
A game-theory-based approach explains the emergence of moral norms through the coupling of two games: social dilemma and coordination tasks. Cooperation can pay off when individuals prioritize group benefits over personal interests, leading to a self-sacrificing behavior that benefits all parties.
A new study found that Chinese incursions into Aksai Chin region are not random, but part of a strategically planned effort to gain control. The researchers believe deterrents could be established in specific areas to defuse tensions along the entire border.
A study by Max-Planck Researchers found that individuals learn to use rewards specifically to promote good behavior when others also learn about them. The researchers used game theory to explain how reputation affects cooperation and rewarding policies.
Researchers from NC State University have developed a dynamic computational tool to help improve user access to electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The technique accounts for factors such as charging time, cost, and wait times to provide users with the most convenient options.
A new study by Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found that using only students in experiments can lead to biased results, as their decisions differ from those of other population groups. The study compared agricultural science students to farmers and found differences in risk-taking, patience, trust, and generosity.
A research team used game theory to analyze cooperation in networks and found that networks with a high level of cooperation can emerge if individuals take a clear-cut position against free riders. The study also showed that if contributors leave an environment too quickly, it leads to a lower level of cooperation.
A study by the University of Texas at Austin found that countries with strong rule of law have less economic volatility and higher productivity. Weak rule of law leads to poor contract enforcement, causing employee morale to suffer, ultimately sparking churn and economic instability.
A new model developed by Iowa State University researchers could improve matches between students and schools, reducing stress and inefficiencies in the admissions process. The algorithm pairs most students with their top choice schools, while also considering factors such as competition for seats and financial constraints.
Researchers used game theory to create models of cooperative and competitive behaviors in multi-agent systems, focusing on distributed online optimization, federated optimization, and static/dynamic games. The findings have potential applications in smart cities, market competition, information security, and drug development.
A decision-support framework was developed by management science researchers to help clinicians make informed decisions about opioid prescribing. The framework incorporates multiple factors, including recovery time, pain intensity, and patient history, to provide a quantitative model of the prescribing process.
Researchers develop a new AI agent that uses four strategies to solve single-agent stochastic puzzles like Minesweeper, achieving comparable performance to state-of-the-art studies. The approach defines solvability in this context and establishes the boundary between puzzle-solving and game-playing paradigms.
A novel experimental design study reveals cronyism is profitable for those who engage in it, driven by beliefs in reciprocity and favoritism. Shared identity motivates even low-quality workers to reciprocate trust with greater effort.
Researchers found dominant species in coastal sediments are copiotrophs with high growth rates, while those in ocean water are oligotrophs with low growth rates. The 'Hunger Games' hypothesis explains how nutrient supply influences microbial interactions and community structure.
Phages weigh all options and make an informed decision whether to exit the dormant state and attack their bacterial host. The study found that some phage families have developed a complex decision-making strategy, receiving information from neighboring bacteria and controlling communication via arbitrium.
Researchers propose a new model for electricity trade that balances economic interests and considers the stability of economic ties. The model suggests ways to improve cooperation between nations and prioritize transit country interests.
Researchers found that re-identifying individuals from genomic data using public face images is harder than previously thought, with success rates well below idealized settings. They developed a method to alter social media photos and reduce the risk of privacy breaches.
Researchers use game theory and economics to steer evolution in a better direction, identifying conditions for improved outcomes through policy changes and coordination. The study provides a mathematical formula to determine when evolution managers will have sufficient incentive to steward biological resources.
Researchers from UPV/EHU and Biocruces pathologists use game theory to study tumor cell interactions, finding that higher cell diversity may be beneficial for patients. This approach reveals the importance of collective stability in tumor cells' pursuit of better environments.
Assistant Professor Kang Hao Cheong and his team discovered that chaotic switching for quantum coin Parrondo's games has similar underlying ideas to encryption. They found that using pre-generated chaotic sequences enhances the work, making it easier to invert the encrypted message to obtain the original state.
Researchers found that a low opening offer can be effective if it's within a 'fair game' window, avoiding negative emotions, but not so low that it backfires. A balance must be struck to achieve a better outcome in negotiations.
The study found that upstream suppliers increase retail prices to compel platforms to use bundling strategies, reducing profits and social welfare. The researchers propose not bundling sales in advance to mitigate this effect and improve consumer value.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a new machine learning algorithm that can analyze complex markets and their equilibrium strategies. This breakthrough has potential applications in auction theory, wireless spectrum auctions, and more.
A study of 42 countries reveals that most participants prefer to collaborate with fellow citizens rather than with people from other countries. The tendency towards in-group bias is driven by factors such as education level and gender, but not by cultural differences or national cohesion.
A new study found that people trust AI as much as humans, but are unwilling to compromise and cooperate with machines. Researchers conducted large-scale online studies using methods from behavioral game theory, finding a consistent pattern of 'algorithm exploitation' where humans exploit AI's benevolence for personal gain.
A recent study suggests that improving economic conditions can reduce radicalization efforts, but trying to render people psychologically less susceptible can backfire. Conspiracies have become a powerful tool for far-right groups to manipulate public discourse and drive the growing radicalization of average Americans.
Scientists at JAIST explored the connection between game-playing search tree algorithms and human decision-making, proposing two indicators - PPN and SCN - to analyze potential future states. These findings have applications in AI, optimization problems, and entertainment analysis.
Researchers create unified model of direct and indirect reciprocity, demonstrating how cooperation can be a successful strategy. The study reveals that reputation and experience significantly influence willingness to cooperate, paving the way for new insights into human social norms.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology have developed a model to understand the brain mechanisms behind video game addiction. They found that games can be designed to promote healthy engagement, while also addressing addictive behavior.
Researchers at SUTD developed a new connection between exploration-exploitation trade-off in multi-agent AI systems and Catastrophe Theory. This discovery aims to improve the performance of AI systems, such as robotic space missions and healthcare management.
Researchers used game theory to optimize PPE stock management during the COVID-19 pandemic. They found that strategic allocation of resources can reduce shortages and improve public health outcomes.
Researchers from HSE University analyzed human behavior strategies during COVID-19 restrictions, showing that unequal access to medical care contributes to irresponsible behavior. Targeted information campaigns for healthy populations can encourage compliance with restrictions if expected losses are significant.
A new paper suggests that traditional deterrence strategies in cybersecurity can lead to escalation and counterproductive responses. The authors propose a more judicious approach involving selective retaliation based on improved detection and information gathering.
A RUDN University mathematician introduced a matrix representation of set functions to simplify cooperative game theory calculations. This approach can be applied to multicriteria decision analysis, group decision-making, and economic theories based on cooperative games.
Researchers propose a new framework to study coexistence in multi-species systems, showing that global dynamics can be predicted from pairwise interactions. The model uses time-scale separation and replicator equations to capture the essence of competition between multiple strategies.
Scientists at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed a novel approach to quantify the psychological appeal of games. They found that the value of 'gravity in the mind' changed over time, reflecting cultural tendencies and historical trends.
Heidelberg economists developed a rating system to measure skill levels in skat and poker. The study found that both games have over 50% luck, but skill takes over in the long term, with a skilled player winning 75% more games against an average opponent after 100 games.
A recent study challenges previous theoretical predictions on justified defection, a mechanism that ensures benefits are returned to cooperative individuals. Researchers found that people have a neutral attitude toward justified defection, unlike cooperation with a bad person, which is viewed as good.
A game theoretical study by Claudius Gros shows that envy can lead to the emergence of social classes in a society. The study simulates individual behaviour in a competitive environment, where agents with different skills and opportunities interact.
A new publication in Nature Communications presents a unifying model that explains diverse interactions between decision strategy and the environment, highlighting the similarity of their features. The findings shed light on the tight-knit forces that link changes in strategic action to environmental change, and vice versa.
A game theory model captures and assesses election interference by analyzing social media activity and polls, echoing the 2016 election. The model's results reflect real-world scenarios, including Russian Twitter fake accounts' influence.
The study, conducted at FiraTàrrega market in Tàrrega, Spain, found that women are more likely to cooperate and have a better understanding of their partner's intentions. Men, on the other hand, tend to be more impulsive and less cooperative when interacting with someone of the same gender.
Researchers used microeconomic models to analyze the circumstances required for reciprocal egg trading to work. The results reveal that eggs must be costly to produce and it's essential to identify cheaters before mating. This complex system of trading helps hamlets avoid a costly dilemma by dividing the reproductive role.
Researchers at Columbia Engineering and Law School develop a joint fault-based liability rule using game theory to regulate self-driving car manufacturers and human drivers. They find that an optimally designed liability policy is critical to prevent moral hazard and improve traffic safety.
New research reveals that knowing more about a partner's actions accelerates joint physical task collaboration. Game theory insights inform the development of robots that can interact with humans in a natural, human-like fashion.
A study by Carnegie Mellon University researchers found that humans perform worse when played against a robot that gives discouraging remarks, and better when encouraged. The study's results have implications for automated learning, mental health treatment, and human-robot interaction.
A study found that bots are more successful in certain human-machine interactions when they hide their non-human identity, but cooperation rates decrease when transparency is required. This has implications for the use of bots in help desks and other scenarios where efficiency is key.
A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi researchers found that bots posing as humans are more efficient at persuading partners to cooperate in a game. However, once their true nature is revealed, cooperation rates drop and their superiority is negated.
Researchers argue that using cooperative game theory to model human-drone interactions can lead to better steering angle control and safer lane-change maneuvers. By taking into account human drivers' real-life experience, automated steering technology can achieve better shared control.
Researchers have developed a novel way to identify previously unrecognized antibiotic-resistance genes in bacteria using machine learning and game theory. The approach determined the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in three different types of bacteria with high accuracy.
A new strategy promotes mutual cooperation by introducing a 'escape interaction' that can deter defection. The study suggests cooperative societies can be maintained without revenge, expanding the field of cooperation research.
Research found that high inequality reduces willingness to cooperate in groups, but some inequality can help ensure everyone contributes to the public good. The study suggests policy-makers should consider the optimal level of inequality when funding public goods and services.
Researchers investigate how asynchronous events influence decision-making, finding that small changes in timing can make a big difference in outcomes. The study models Bertrand competition and predicts under what circumstances random time fluctuations could lead to collusion.
Researchers developed an AI program called Pluribus that defeated leading professionals in six-player no-limit Texas hold'em poker. The AI uses a limited-lookahead search algorithm to develop strategies for situations with incomplete information.
A Carnegie Mellon AI program called Pluribus defeated leading poker professionals in six-player no-limit Texas hold'em, achieving superhuman performance. It developed unique strategies such as frequent donk bets and mixed play, which human pros struggled to execute.
A new study published in Manufacturing & Service Operations Management found that consumer education campaigns can be an effective countermeasure against child labor in global supply chains. The researchers used game theory to identify strategies that manufacturers and NGOs can use to tackle suppliers' use of child labor.
USC researchers Bhaskar Krishnamachari and Aditya Asgaonkar propose a blockchain-based solution to reduce costs and increase efficiency in online transactions. Their system allows buyers and sellers to interact directly without third-party mediators, using smart contracts to verify honesty and disincentivize malicious behavior.