Mathematical Modeling

Cooperation beats selfishness more often than scientists thought

A new study reveals that cooperation does not require close family ties or reputation, but rather opponent-specific responses, leading to the emergence of cooperative behavior. This finding challenges conventional evolutionary theory and has implications for the design of more collaborative artificial intelligence systems.

Modelling reveals Sydney’s 1789 smallpox outbreak killed as many as 220,000 Indigenous Australians

A groundbreaking study reveals the 1789 smallpox outbreak had a devastating demographic impact on Indigenous Australians, with estimates suggesting up to 220,000 deaths. The model confirms the epidemic originated in Sydney Harbour with the First Fleet, highlighting the catastrophic consequences of colonial invasion.

Ultrasound propagation in porous rocks: Theory identifies three distinct wave modes

Researchers developed a unified theoretical framework for ultrasound wave propagation and energy dissipation in porous rock formations. The study identifies three distinct longitudinal-wave types with different physical origins, providing a basis for understanding and predicting ultrasonic wave behavior in multiphase porous media.

Old Dominion University launches National Security Institute to advance solutions for complex global challenges

Old Dominion University has launched a National Security Institute to accelerate research and technology solutions for pressing national security challenges. The institute will bring together researchers' strengths in AI, autonomy, and coastal systems to deliver innovative solutions.

From dusk till dawn

Researchers used the James Webb Space Telescope to measure how star light absorption changes as WASP-121 b rotates, probing its atmosphere longitude by longitude. The data indicate that hot winds heat the evening terminator region, causing it to absorb more stellar radiation and expand.

Toward standardized microplastics monitoring in rivers

Researchers developed a mathematical formula to estimate microplastic mass and size concentrations from limited data, enabling more efficient surveys. The new approach allows for the estimation of small microplastics often overlooked in field surveys, which can help track pollution sources and trends.

Scientists identify the origin of noise in spin qubit quantum processors

Researchers clarify microscopic origin of charge noise in silicon spin qubits, attributing it to electronic transitions between conduction band and trap states. Higher temperatures improve gate fidelity by reducing switching rates and transition times.

How fear and social pressure are 'overarming' the US

A Dartmouth study maps the interplay of personal choice and social networks contributing to the US being one of the world's most heavily armed countries. The researchers describe how individual incentives can lead to overarming, a phenomenon where collective costs outweigh individual benefits of firearm ownership.

Breast cancer risk models fall short for women with family history, study finds

A comprehensive review of breast cancer risk models in women with a family history found that none are highly accurate at identifying which women will develop the disease. The BOADICEA model showed balanced performance, while others had significant limitations, emphasizing the need for continued improvement.

When ‘sloppy’ decisions are actually smart

Researchers found that people who are less precise in their decision-making can outperform those who are more rational in certain social situations. This is because 'sloppy' decisions can help individuals avoid the pitfalls of highly sensitive learners, who prioritize short-term gains over long-term benefits. In contrast, in other situ...

Supply chain crises increase banks’ credit risks by 70%

Researchers developed a new model showing that supply chain disruptions exacerbate systemic risk in the banking sector. The model reveals that supply chain contagion can amplify losses on the interbank market by 70%, posing a major threat to financial stability.

Study suggests data centers will boost power bills up to 57% by 2030

New research from North Carolina State University predicts data center power demand will increase by up to 57% by 2030, leading to higher electricity costs and CO2 emissions. The study finds that regional price increases will vary depending on where new data centers are built.

Study proves the existence and solves the mystery of the rotating Kaleidocycles

Space logistics on the right track

A team of researchers at Bielefeld University has developed a precise mathematical approach to plotting routes through space and time. The new method could help make space missions more efficient and also improve transportation systems on Earth.

The handbook that can prepare countries for the next pandemic

A new handbook produced jointly by Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg aims to improve decision-making and preparedness for future pandemics. The handbook provides practical guidance on how mathematical models can be used to inform decision-making, particularly in times of crisis.

Terrence Sejnowski wins inaugural World Digital Technology Academy Award

Terrence Sejnowski receives Scientific Breakthrough Award for his foundational development of Boltzmann machines, providing the architectural bedrock for deep learning and generative AI. His work has had a profound impact on modern artificial intelligence and tools like ChatGPT.

University of Houston researcher uncovers the mathematical signature of fair competition

A mathematical model identifies universal patterns in competitive systems, revealing an optimal 'sweet spot' where excellence and opportunity coexist. The study found that high-performing systems strike a delicate balance between demand and opportunity.

New research brings machine‑learning‑based physics a step closer to solving real engineering challenges

A new machine-learning method detects sudden changes in fluid behavior, improving simulation capabilities for everyday applications like weather prediction and nuclear reactor safety. This enables faster design testing, real-time adjustments, and reduced computational burden.

Heat from traffic is contributing to rise in city temperatures, new study finds

A new study by the University of Manchester has developed a way to measure the impact of urban traffic on city temperatures, revealing that everyday vehicle use can raise temperatures in cities. The researchers found that traffic heat increases simulated air temperatures by around 0.16°C during summer and 0.35°C in winter.

Crushing soda cans and the mathematics of corrugation formation

Scientists at the University of Manchester discovered a rare mathematical process underlying the formation of corrugations in soda cans. The sequence of buckles follows homoclinic snaking, a phenomenon where bumps or ripples appear one by one in a precise order.

New tool maps the landscape of student knowledge using short quizzes

Researchers at Dartmouth College developed a mathematical framework to map students' conceptual knowledge from short multiple-choice quizzes, revealing peaks of mastery and valleys of struggle. The technique could enable personalized learning, AI tutoring systems, and more efficient feedback.

Beyond climate resilience: the science of thriving in a chaotic world

A study from Michigan State University reveals that extreme weather can actually strengthen certain ecosystems, leading to increased productivity and resilience. The researchers found that phytoplankton species, which are crucial for removing carbon dioxide from the air, thrive when temperature fluctuations increase.

Want to shift a group’s opinion? Encourage opponents to sit on the fence

Researchers propose a strategy that encourages individuals to adopt a neutral stance, allowing groups to become more responsive, decisions to become easier to reach, and shifts in consensus to happen smoothly. By doing so, neutrality creates valuable breathing space for reassessment, making it easier for a group to change its mind when...

Snakes off the plane

Researchers discovered a simple strategy for snakes to stand upright without limbs, concentrating bending and muscle activity into a short boundary layer near their base. This approach reduces energy required while maintaining balance, offering design principles for soft robots and medical devices.

New study reveals differences between anime bamboo muzzle and actual bamboo

Researchers compared anime illustrations with actual bamboo, finding that the proportions of the muzzle differ significantly from natural patterns. The study highlights the importance of accuracy in scientific representation and suggests potential educational applications.

Q&A: Researchers discuss potential solutions for the feedback loop affecting scientific publishing

The peer review process is facing a crisis due to an increasing number of manuscript submissions and a decline in willing peer reviewers. Researchers propose potential interventions to address this issue, including selecting high-quality reviewing and using machine learning to support editors. This could help maintain the credibility o...

You don't need to be very altruistic to stop an epidemic

Researchers used mathematical modeling to find that even people with minimal concern for others would choose to self-isolate when sick, suppressing diseases in the long-term. The study suggests that only a small amount of altruism is needed to achieve indefinite suppression as an alternative to herd immunity.

Four NYU faculty win Sloan Foundation research fellowships

Four NYU faculty members have been awarded Sloan Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking work in brain injury, organic chemistry, computing, and software. Since 1955, 102 NYU faculty members have been selected as recipients, including this year's 126 fellows.

Power in motion: transforming energy harvesting with gyroscopes

Researchers from The University of Osaka developed a novel device to harness wave power, achieving high energy absorption efficiency across broadband frequencies. By tuning gyroscopic parameters, the device can maximize performance, providing a roadmap for developing adaptable and efficient wave energy converters.

New AI tool diagnoses masked hypertension

Researchers at the University of Arkansas developed an AI diagnostic tool to detect masked hypertension, a condition where people have high blood pressure but normal readings during exams. The tool uses machine learning and health indicators to predict masked hypertension with accuracy, potentially saving lives and improving patient care.

New study signals major advance in the future of precision cancer care

Researchers developed a new framework called SOLVE to overcome data challenges in precision cancer treatment. By jointly modeling known and unknown factors, SOLVE provides a robust tool for biomarker discovery and investigating tumor responses.

Using artificial intelligence to understand how emotions are formed

Researchers created a computational model that combines physiological signals, sensory input, and word information to construct human emotions. The model achieved an agreement rate of about 75% when compared to participants' self-reported emotional evaluations.

UCalgary researcher finds way to predict whirling disease with almost no data

A UCalgary researcher has created an AI-based early detection system for river-borne pathogens, including whirling disease in trout and salmon. The model uses environmental variables like air temperature to predict pathogen distribution with impressive accuracy, even with limited data.

A new way to map how cells choose their fate

Researchers develop ddHodge, a geometry-preserving method that accurately reconstructs cell state dynamics. The technique reveals repeating processes like the cell cycle and identifies critical biological moments in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression.

Modeling microplastic accumulation under the ocean surface

A team of researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution developed a theory for how microplastic particles accumulate in ocean eddies. They found that particles tend to accumulate in tubelike structures within circular currents, forming 'attractors' that resemble twisted, closed loops.

Optical chip pioneers physical-layer public-key encryption with partial coherence

Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have implemented the first complete public-key encryption system at the physical optical layer. The innovation lies in integrating partially coherent light and reciprocity principles on a single photonic chip to conceal information within random optical fields.

Social lives of viruses affect antiviral resistance

A study found that viral interactions inside cells influence antiviral resistance outcomes, while a less potent drug may ironically improve its future utility by promoting social interactions in viruses. The researchers suggest a trade-off between hitting the virus hard and allowing resistance to rise.

Study: Rio Grande basin at serious risk from overuse of water

A new study found the Rio Grande basin is severely depleted, with only half of used water being replenished by natural processes. The primary cause of overconsumption is irrigated agriculture, particularly cattle-feed crops like alfalfa and grass hay.

Everyday levels of antibiotics in the environment may accelerate the global spread of resistance, new study finds

A new study shows that even small amounts of antibiotics in the environment can significantly accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. The research found that low concentrations of antibiotics can stabilize existing resistance and promote the development of new resistance traits.

New unified model and classification system reveal diverse tipping points in coastal zones under climate change and human impacts

A new unified mathematical description model for coastal tipping points has been introduced, addressing escalating risks in coastal zones. The model classifies tipping points into six types, including bifurcation-driven, noise-driven, and shock-driven, highlighting the need for integrated strategies to mitigate regime shifts.

Paradox of rotating turbulence finally tamed with world-class ‘hurricane-in-a-lab’

Researchers at OIST develop world-class 'hurricane-in-a-lab' setup to study turbulent Taylor-Couette flows. By re-examining Kolmogorov's framework, they find that the power law predicts universal behavior across all small-scale flows, resolving a long-standing inconsistency.

Lehigh University team develops computational model to guide neurostimulation therapy for atrial fibrillation

The Lehigh University team created a computational model to predict the hemodynamic response of patients with AFib, helping tailor neurostimulation dosages. The model validated against clinical data and predicted accurate effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume.

A 'Rosetta Stone' for molecular systems

A new mathematical framework, STIV, can predict larger-scale effects like proteins unfolding and crystals forming without costly simulations or experiments. The framework solves a 40-year-old problem in phase-field modeling, allowing for the design of smarter medicines and materials.

The tiny droplets that bounce without bursting

EPFL researchers have discovered a room-temperature version of the Leidenfrost effect, where oil droplets can bounce for up to five minutes on a vibrating solid surface. The phenomenon is driven by the droplet's own deformations, allowing it to perpetually bounce indefinitely.

Physics-based machine learning could unlock better 3D-printed materials

A new project aims to develop a computationally efficient model that accurately predicts how additive manufacturing process parameters influence the solidification microstructure of binary alloy solidification. This will enable optimization of additively manufactured parts with confidence in critical industries.

Dan M. Frangopol honored by University of Rostock at international workshop

Professor Dan M. Frangopol, Lehigh University's inaugural Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair, was recognized for his work on life-cycle civil engineering at the 21st International Probabilistic Workshop in Germany. He is widely credited with establishing this field and has authored over 500 peer-reviewed journal articles.

Blockchain technology could help build trust in restaurants

Researchers at the University of Missouri found that using blockchain to track ingredients through the supply chain reduces consumer uncertainty about food safety and increases willingness to pay premium prices. The technology also provides clear information about the source of ingredients, boosting trust in sustainable foods.

Switching it up: the secret survival strategy to life as revealed by mathematics

Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, have developed a mathematical theory that can be used to design optimization strategies for dynamical networks, such as those comprising living organisms. They found that tools from information theory provided a way to simplify nonlinear optimization problem...

New book explores agent-based modeling, multi-agent systems

The book provides an overview of agent-based modeling and multi-agent systems, highlighting their application in understanding economic crises. It integrates machine learning to enhance adaptation and behavior of agents in dynamic environments.

UVA wins $16M DOE award to launch simulation center for predictive science

The SAGEST Predictive Simulation Center will develop simulation tools to give scientists confidence in exploring extreme physical conditions. The center, led by UVA's Xinfeng Gao, will use high-fidelity and low-fidelity solvers to balance accuracy and efficiency in predictions.

Fast traffic algorithm could improve real-time traffic forecasts

Researchers developed a data-driven macroscopic mobility model that relies on simple observations from city planners' routine data collection. The D3M model can accurately represent diverse traffic conditions and simulate complex system-level dynamics.

Scientists create a mathematical model that explains esophageal motility disorders

Researchers developed a mathematical model that replicates the muscle movements of the esophagus during swallowing and reveals insights into esophageal motility disorders. The model includes signaling from the brain and nerves, as well as muscle contractions and relaxations, and can simulate various disorders.

Funding for training and research in biological complexity

The European consortium, funded by €4.5M, will recruit and train 15 PhD researchers to develop new models and methods for understanding complex biological systems. The network, coordinated by the University of Edinburgh, aims to create a framework grounded in physics that can be applied systematically.

Explore or exploit: Research that decodes animal decision-making earns NIH grant

Researchers are decoding animal decision-making using glass knifefish, exploring the trade-off between gathering information and acting on it. The study, funded by the NIH, aims to understand how animals make decisions in uncertain environments and may lead to breakthroughs in robotics and medicine.

UMass Amherst kinesiologist receives $2 million ‘outstanding researcher’ award from NIH

A UMass Amherst kinesiologist has received a $2 million NIH grant to study how myosin molecules work together to drive different processes within cells. His research aims to develop drugs for heart failure, neurological conditions and genetic forms of deafness.

Going viral: how ideas, beliefs, and innovations spread in the digital age

A new theory explains how ideas gain momentum and spread like wildfire. The researchers introduce a mathematical model that takes into account the evolution of ideas as they spread, leading to complex results with unexpected outcomes. This work has implications for understanding belief formation, misinformation, and social contagion.

Common food bacteria could help make vitamins cheaper and greener

A new study reveals how Lactococcus lactis regulates the production of a key precursor in vitamin K2 biosynthesis. By tuning substrate supply and genetic architecture, researchers can push production above natural ceilings, opening the door to engineering bacteria for enhanced vitamin K2 production.

Scientists find a 'speed limit' for innovation

A new study from the Complexity Science Hub reveals that innovation can only endure over time if it is balanced with exnovation - the loss or forgetting of older possibilities. The researchers found an interesting trade-off between innovation speed and system stability.

Tackling neglected tropical diseases among migrant populations

A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases has shown that combining country-level information with individual-level variables can improve the identification of soil-transmitted helminth infections among migrant populations. Researchers found that country-level indicators are stronger predictors than individual-level variable...

Petri net-based verification takes center stage in latest book on control systems

The book explores foundational and advanced principles of modeling concurrent control systems using Petri nets, focusing on building reliable, verifiable systems where concurrency plays a central role.