Mathematical Modeling
Articles tagged with Mathematical Modeling
Space logistics on the right track
A team of researchers at Bielefeld University has developed a precise mathematical approach to plotting routes through space and time. The new method could help make space missions more efficient and also improve transportation systems on Earth.
The handbook that can prepare countries for the next pandemic
A new handbook produced jointly by Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg aims to improve decision-making and preparedness for future pandemics. The handbook provides practical guidance on how mathematical models can be used to inform decision-making, particularly in times of crisis.
Terrence Sejnowski wins inaugural World Digital Technology Academy Award
Terrence Sejnowski receives Scientific Breakthrough Award for his foundational development of Boltzmann machines, providing the architectural bedrock for deep learning and generative AI. His work has had a profound impact on modern artificial intelligence and tools like ChatGPT.
University of Houston researcher uncovers the mathematical signature of fair competition
A mathematical model identifies universal patterns in competitive systems, revealing an optimal 'sweet spot' where excellence and opportunity coexist. The study found that high-performing systems strike a delicate balance between demand and opportunity.
New research brings machine‑learning‑based physics a step closer to solving real engineering challenges
A new machine-learning method detects sudden changes in fluid behavior, improving simulation capabilities for everyday applications like weather prediction and nuclear reactor safety. This enables faster design testing, real-time adjustments, and reduced computational burden.
Heat from traffic is contributing to rise in city temperatures, new study finds
A new study by the University of Manchester has developed a way to measure the impact of urban traffic on city temperatures, revealing that everyday vehicle use can raise temperatures in cities. The researchers found that traffic heat increases simulated air temperatures by around 0.16°C during summer and 0.35°C in winter.
Crushing soda cans and the mathematics of corrugation formation
Scientists at the University of Manchester discovered a rare mathematical process underlying the formation of corrugations in soda cans. The sequence of buckles follows homoclinic snaking, a phenomenon where bumps or ripples appear one by one in a precise order.
New tool maps the landscape of student knowledge using short quizzes
Researchers at Dartmouth College developed a mathematical framework to map students' conceptual knowledge from short multiple-choice quizzes, revealing peaks of mastery and valleys of struggle. The technique could enable personalized learning, AI tutoring systems, and more efficient feedback.
Beyond climate resilience: the science of thriving in a chaotic world
A study from Michigan State University reveals that extreme weather can actually strengthen certain ecosystems, leading to increased productivity and resilience. The researchers found that phytoplankton species, which are crucial for removing carbon dioxide from the air, thrive when temperature fluctuations increase.
Want to shift a group’s opinion? Encourage opponents to sit on the fence
Researchers propose a strategy that encourages individuals to adopt a neutral stance, allowing groups to become more responsive, decisions to become easier to reach, and shifts in consensus to happen smoothly. By doing so, neutrality creates valuable breathing space for reassessment, making it easier for a group to change its mind when...
Snakes off the plane
Researchers discovered a simple strategy for snakes to stand upright without limbs, concentrating bending and muscle activity into a short boundary layer near their base. This approach reduces energy required while maintaining balance, offering design principles for soft robots and medical devices.
New study reveals differences between anime bamboo muzzle and actual bamboo
Researchers compared anime illustrations with actual bamboo, finding that the proportions of the muzzle differ significantly from natural patterns. The study highlights the importance of accuracy in scientific representation and suggests potential educational applications.
Q&A: Researchers discuss potential solutions for the feedback loop affecting scientific publishing
The peer review process is facing a crisis due to an increasing number of manuscript submissions and a decline in willing peer reviewers. Researchers propose potential interventions to address this issue, including selecting high-quality reviewing and using machine learning to support editors. This could help maintain the credibility o...
You don't need to be very altruistic to stop an epidemic
Researchers used mathematical modeling to find that even people with minimal concern for others would choose to self-isolate when sick, suppressing diseases in the long-term. The study suggests that only a small amount of altruism is needed to achieve indefinite suppression as an alternative to herd immunity.
Four NYU faculty win Sloan Foundation research fellowships
Four NYU faculty members have been awarded Sloan Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking work in brain injury, organic chemistry, computing, and software. Since 1955, 102 NYU faculty members have been selected as recipients, including this year's 126 fellows.
Power in motion: transforming energy harvesting with gyroscopes
Researchers from The University of Osaka developed a novel device to harness wave power, achieving high energy absorption efficiency across broadband frequencies. By tuning gyroscopic parameters, the device can maximize performance, providing a roadmap for developing adaptable and efficient wave energy converters.
New AI tool diagnoses masked hypertension
Researchers at the University of Arkansas developed an AI diagnostic tool to detect masked hypertension, a condition where people have high blood pressure but normal readings during exams. The tool uses machine learning and health indicators to predict masked hypertension with accuracy, potentially saving lives and improving patient care.
New study signals major advance in the future of precision cancer care
Researchers developed a new framework called SOLVE to overcome data challenges in precision cancer treatment. By jointly modeling known and unknown factors, SOLVE provides a robust tool for biomarker discovery and investigating tumor responses.
Using artificial intelligence to understand how emotions are formed
Researchers created a computational model that combines physiological signals, sensory input, and word information to construct human emotions. The model achieved an agreement rate of about 75% when compared to participants' self-reported emotional evaluations.
UCalgary researcher finds way to predict whirling disease with almost no data
A UCalgary researcher has created an AI-based early detection system for river-borne pathogens, including whirling disease in trout and salmon. The model uses environmental variables like air temperature to predict pathogen distribution with impressive accuracy, even with limited data.
A new way to map how cells choose their fate
Researchers develop ddHodge, a geometry-preserving method that accurately reconstructs cell state dynamics. The technique reveals repeating processes like the cell cycle and identifies critical biological moments in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression.
Modeling microplastic accumulation under the ocean surface
A team of researchers from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution developed a theory for how microplastic particles accumulate in ocean eddies. They found that particles tend to accumulate in tubelike structures within circular currents, forming 'attractors' that resemble twisted, closed loops.
Optical chip pioneers physical-layer public-key encryption with partial coherence
Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have implemented the first complete public-key encryption system at the physical optical layer. The innovation lies in integrating partially coherent light and reciprocity principles on a single photonic chip to conceal information within random optical fields.
Social lives of viruses affect antiviral resistance
A study found that viral interactions inside cells influence antiviral resistance outcomes, while a less potent drug may ironically improve its future utility by promoting social interactions in viruses. The researchers suggest a trade-off between hitting the virus hard and allowing resistance to rise.
Study: Rio Grande basin at serious risk from overuse of water
A new study found the Rio Grande basin is severely depleted, with only half of used water being replenished by natural processes. The primary cause of overconsumption is irrigated agriculture, particularly cattle-feed crops like alfalfa and grass hay.
Everyday levels of antibiotics in the environment may accelerate the global spread of resistance, new study finds
A new study shows that even small amounts of antibiotics in the environment can significantly accelerate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria. The research found that low concentrations of antibiotics can stabilize existing resistance and promote the development of new resistance traits.
New unified model and classification system reveal diverse tipping points in coastal zones under climate change and human impacts
A new unified mathematical description model for coastal tipping points has been introduced, addressing escalating risks in coastal zones. The model classifies tipping points into six types, including bifurcation-driven, noise-driven, and shock-driven, highlighting the need for integrated strategies to mitigate regime shifts.
Paradox of rotating turbulence finally tamed with world-class ‘hurricane-in-a-lab’
Researchers at OIST develop world-class 'hurricane-in-a-lab' setup to study turbulent Taylor-Couette flows. By re-examining Kolmogorov's framework, they find that the power law predicts universal behavior across all small-scale flows, resolving a long-standing inconsistency.
Lehigh University team develops computational model to guide neurostimulation therapy for atrial fibrillation
The Lehigh University team created a computational model to predict the hemodynamic response of patients with AFib, helping tailor neurostimulation dosages. The model validated against clinical data and predicted accurate effects on blood pressure, heart rate, and stroke volume.
A 'Rosetta Stone' for molecular systems
A new mathematical framework, STIV, can predict larger-scale effects like proteins unfolding and crystals forming without costly simulations or experiments. The framework solves a 40-year-old problem in phase-field modeling, allowing for the design of smarter medicines and materials.
The tiny droplets that bounce without bursting
EPFL researchers have discovered a room-temperature version of the Leidenfrost effect, where oil droplets can bounce for up to five minutes on a vibrating solid surface. The phenomenon is driven by the droplet's own deformations, allowing it to perpetually bounce indefinitely.
Physics-based machine learning could unlock better 3D-printed materials
A new project aims to develop a computationally efficient model that accurately predicts how additive manufacturing process parameters influence the solidification microstructure of binary alloy solidification. This will enable optimization of additively manufactured parts with confidence in critical industries.
Dan M. Frangopol honored by University of Rostock at international workshop
Professor Dan M. Frangopol, Lehigh University's inaugural Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair, was recognized for his work on life-cycle civil engineering at the 21st International Probabilistic Workshop in Germany. He is widely credited with establishing this field and has authored over 500 peer-reviewed journal articles.
Blockchain technology could help build trust in restaurants
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that using blockchain to track ingredients through the supply chain reduces consumer uncertainty about food safety and increases willingness to pay premium prices. The technology also provides clear information about the source of ingredients, boosting trust in sustainable foods.
Switching it up: the secret survival strategy to life as revealed by mathematics
Researchers from the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, have developed a mathematical theory that can be used to design optimization strategies for dynamical networks, such as those comprising living organisms. They found that tools from information theory provided a way to simplify nonlinear optimization problem...
New book explores agent-based modeling, multi-agent systems
The book provides an overview of agent-based modeling and multi-agent systems, highlighting their application in understanding economic crises. It integrates machine learning to enhance adaptation and behavior of agents in dynamic environments.
UVA wins $16M DOE award to launch simulation center for predictive science
The SAGEST Predictive Simulation Center will develop simulation tools to give scientists confidence in exploring extreme physical conditions. The center, led by UVA's Xinfeng Gao, will use high-fidelity and low-fidelity solvers to balance accuracy and efficiency in predictions.
Fast traffic algorithm could improve real-time traffic forecasts
Researchers developed a data-driven macroscopic mobility model that relies on simple observations from city planners' routine data collection. The D3M model can accurately represent diverse traffic conditions and simulate complex system-level dynamics.
Scientists create a mathematical model that explains esophageal motility disorders
Researchers developed a mathematical model that replicates the muscle movements of the esophagus during swallowing and reveals insights into esophageal motility disorders. The model includes signaling from the brain and nerves, as well as muscle contractions and relaxations, and can simulate various disorders.
Funding for training and research in biological complexity
The European consortium, funded by €4.5M, will recruit and train 15 PhD researchers to develop new models and methods for understanding complex biological systems. The network, coordinated by the University of Edinburgh, aims to create a framework grounded in physics that can be applied systematically.
Explore or exploit: Research that decodes animal decision-making earns NIH grant
Researchers are decoding animal decision-making using glass knifefish, exploring the trade-off between gathering information and acting on it. The study, funded by the NIH, aims to understand how animals make decisions in uncertain environments and may lead to breakthroughs in robotics and medicine.
UMass Amherst kinesiologist receives $2 million ‘outstanding researcher’ award from NIH
A UMass Amherst kinesiologist has received a $2 million NIH grant to study how myosin molecules work together to drive different processes within cells. His research aims to develop drugs for heart failure, neurological conditions and genetic forms of deafness.
Going viral: how ideas, beliefs, and innovations spread in the digital age
A new theory explains how ideas gain momentum and spread like wildfire. The researchers introduce a mathematical model that takes into account the evolution of ideas as they spread, leading to complex results with unexpected outcomes. This work has implications for understanding belief formation, misinformation, and social contagion.
Common food bacteria could help make vitamins cheaper and greener
A new study reveals how Lactococcus lactis regulates the production of a key precursor in vitamin K2 biosynthesis. By tuning substrate supply and genetic architecture, researchers can push production above natural ceilings, opening the door to engineering bacteria for enhanced vitamin K2 production.
Scientists find a 'speed limit' for innovation
A new study from the Complexity Science Hub reveals that innovation can only endure over time if it is balanced with exnovation - the loss or forgetting of older possibilities. The researchers found an interesting trade-off between innovation speed and system stability.
Petri net-based verification takes center stage in latest book on control systems
The book explores foundational and advanced principles of modeling concurrent control systems using Petri nets, focusing on building reliable, verifiable systems where concurrency plays a central role.
Tackling neglected tropical diseases among migrant populations
A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases has shown that combining country-level information with individual-level variables can improve the identification of soil-transmitted helminth infections among migrant populations. Researchers found that country-level indicators are stronger predictors than individual-level variable...
How tiny fossils are leading to smarter robots
Researchers create a technique to model organic objects, creating photorealistic 3D images of complex shapes for autonomous sorting. This method improves robotic systems that sort microscopic marine fossils used in climate research.
Math model sheds light on Alzheimer’s spread
A recent study published in Brain reveals that a mathematical model can classify genes into four categories based on their interaction with the brain's network patterns. This classification helps explain why some brain regions deteriorate rapidly while others remain intact, providing new insights into Alzheimer's disease.
Cracking the code of force-driven chemistry
Researchers developed a theoretical model that accurately describes the relationship between mechanical stress and chemical reactions, resolving discrepancies in previous studies. The new model helps predict mechanochemical reactions, promising for greener manufacturing and lubricant design.
The costs of fungicide resistance
A mathematical model was developed to calculate the economic and environmental costs of fungicide resistance in agriculture. The study found that yields can increase or decrease depending on the context, and that expensive fungicides can actually reduce costs.
Seeking mathematical beauty in imperfect crystals
Researchers from The University of Osaka have devised new mathematical models to describe the mechanics of crystal defects. Using differential geometry, they provided a robust and rigorous framework for understanding these phenomena.
New tool maps hidden roles and risks in ecosystems
A new analytical method reveals overlooked species at risk of extinction, providing a valuable layer of insight for conservationists. The dual-role approach captures both predator and prey interactions, identifying keystone species and vulnerabilities.
Why do some brain regions resist Alzheimer’s?
A new study reveals that Alzheimer's risk genes influence tau buildup and spread in distinct pathways, challenging traditional views of the disease. Four gene types were identified: Network-Aligned Vulnerability and Resilience, and Network-Independent Vulnerability and Resilience.
Opinions within inner circles influence perception of social division
A new study published in PNAS Nexus explores how opinions within inner circles influence the perception of social division. The researchers found that consensus within one's circle can exaggerate perceptions of polarization, and that subjective lenses change over time, influencing how individuals perceive societal polarization.
Scientists tackle single-cell data’s “reliability crisis” with new tool ‘scICE’
Scientists have developed a new tool named scICE to tackle the stability problem in single-cell RNA sequencing data. The tool provides a way to validate clustering outcomes mathematically, ensuring higher confidence in conclusions drawn from single-cell data.
Slithering snakes: The science behind the motion of a young anaconda
A team led by L. Mahadevan found that young anacondas can execute a quick, one-off skating movement called the 'S-start' due to their physical attributes. This movement is similar to sidewinding and could inspire new robotic systems.
Using viral load tests to help predict mpox severity when skin lesions first appear
Researchers analyzed viral loads during early infection to predict disease progression and developed a method to identify patients at risk of severe symptoms. The study suggests that patients with high viral loads are more likely to experience long-lasting skin lesions and severe symptoms.
Study advances understanding of immune system’s crucial role in phage therapy
Researchers found that immunocompromised animals respond better to phage therapy due to depleted alveolar macrophages, which initially seemed to hinder its efficacy. The study highlights the importance of the immune system in phage therapy and may inform personalized treatment strategies.