Articles tagged with Computer Simulation
A recent neuroscientific study by UPF and Oxford reveals that long-range connections between brain regions are scarce but play a fundamental role in explaining brain dynamics. These rare connections serve to transmit information more quickly and directly, yielding optimal and efficient information processing.
A new study published in Science Advances finds that four common resilience strategies - mobility, investment in infrastructure, exchange, and economic adjustment - have varying levels of effectiveness. Mobility and strong social ties proved to be solid protection against crises, while economic adjustment was the least effective strategy.
A new study demonstrates how fluorescent cholesterol probes can visualize cholesterol in live cells, revealing its role in amyloid plaque formation and cellular signaling. The novel probes have the potential to enhance our understanding of how cholesterol imbalances contribute to neurodegenerative disorders.
The Mcity Test Facility's first open-source digital twin enables researchers to test autonomous algorithms in a virtual environment. The digital twin introduces real-world data and simulated safety-critical events, accelerating the development of connected and automated vehicle software.
Researchers have uncovered key insights about how liquid crystals transform between different phases using direct simulation and machine learning. This study provides a clearer understanding of the microscopic-level changes in these materials, which could lead to new possibilities for advanced materials development.
A new AI model, Spherical DYffusion, can predict climate patterns over 100 years in just 25 hours, making it 25 times faster than the state of the art. The model uses generative AI and physics data to achieve this breakthrough, reducing the need for supercomputers.
Researchers argue that the planets' unique magnetic fields can be explained by immiscible layers of water and hydrocarbons. Computer simulations show that a combination of water, methane, and ammonia separates into two distinct layers under extreme temperatures and pressures.
A recent study using satellite imagery analyzed drought dynamics over five years to show increasing droughts in the Arkansas Delta. The user-friendly Arkansas Vegetation Drought Explorer v.2.0 web app provides maps showing drought levels by county, year, and month.
Researchers from Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche found that bisphenol analogs BPF and BPS, marketed as safer alternatives to BPA, accumulate in biological membranes and disrupt endocrine function. The study suggests these compounds pose health risks similar to those of BPA.
Researchers have discovered a mechanism to detach and recycle parts of cellular canal membranes as needed. The study, conducted with supercomputer simulations, shows that protein regions can cause the membrane to bulge and pinch off, forming vesicles for recycling.
Scientists have discovered that adding carbon to metal nanoparticles makes them 200 times more active, which could lead to significant cost savings and improved efficiency in industrial processes. The discovery was made possible by precise measurements and simulations of the interaction between metal nanoparticles and a carbon substrate.
A new crowdsourcing system, FireLoc, uses a network of low-cost mobile phones to detect wildfires minutes—even seconds—after they ignite. The system prioritizes privacy and accurately maps wilderness fires to within 180 feet of their origin.
Researchers discovered five distinct grain boundary structures composed of different arrangements of icosahedral cage units, enabling dense packing of iron atoms. The formation of these quasicrystalline-like phases can be used to tailor material behavior and make materials more resilient against degradation processes.
Researchers at TU Wien have developed computer simulations to investigate the temporal development of quantum entanglement. They found that the 'birth time' of an electron flying away from an atom is related to the state of the remaining electron, demonstrating a quantum-physical superposition.
Computer simulations point the way towards better solar cells by gaining crucial insights into what influences properties of 2D perovskite materials. Researchers have discovered that the choice of organic linkers can directly control how atoms in surface layers move, affecting optical properties.
A new study suggests that large-scale adoption of electric vehicles can lead to significant population-level health benefits. The research team used computer simulations to show that aggressive electrification of the US vehicle fleet, coupled with an ambitious rollout of renewable electricity generation, could result in health benefits...
Researchers discovered that dividing bacterial cells adapt to crowded environments by slowing their growth, forming a pattern of concentric circles. This process can inform strategies for controlling the spread of harmful microorganisms, such as in infections or manufacturing.
The two-year study aims to explore biases in AI systems and develop a 'human-in-the-loop' framework for quality data discovery. It will investigate how humans can be involved as labelers, prompters, and validators to improve data sets and user interfaces.
Researchers developed a model to project Italy's energy storage needs for a renewable energy system, accounting for daily and seasonal fluctuations. The model suggests that increasing short-term energy storage capacity is critical for decarbonizing the power sector.
A team of researchers aims to improve autonomous vehicle safety by identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in software and hardware. They plan to use knowledge gained from a $926,737 NSF award to design protection mechanisms that can be applied selectively to ensure safety while maximizing efficiency.
Researchers used aerial drone technology and boat-based surveys to map complex tidal flows around the world's most powerful tidal turbine, O2. The study provides new insights into optimal turbine placement and site-specific assessments to address uncertainties surrounding interactions with marine habitats and environments.
A recent study tested the standard model of solar flares by comparing computer simulations with observational data from the McMath-Pierce telescope. The researchers found a significant delay in the paired chromospheric sources, which challenges the current energy transport mechanism by electron beam. This delay suggests that other fact...
A new structure of light has been discovered that can accurately measure chirality in molecules, a property of asymmetry important in physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine. This 'chiral vortex' provides an accurate and robust form of measurement, allowing for the detection of chiral biomarkers.
Researchers found that brief, temporary changes to bacterial gene regulation imprint lasting changes within the network that are passed on to offspring. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions of how simple organisms transmit and inherit physical traits.
A new universal acceleration tool can speed up virtually any kind of simulation, from materials science to climate change research, by leveraging machine learning algorithms. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient and sustainable technologies, as well as the ability to model complex phenomena like glacial melting.
A new study led by Dartmouth researchers questions the rapid polar ice collapse model used in the IPCC's sixth assessment report. The team found that the expected rate of retreat is significantly lower than predicted, making the worst-case scenario less likely, but still dire due to ongoing ice loss from Greenland and Antarctica.
A new algorithm developed at Washington State University improves safety and efficiency in robots working with humans by accounting for human carelessness. The tool has shown a maximum improvement of 80% in safety and 38% in efficiency compared to existing methods, and the researchers plan to test it in real-world settings.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to study the evolution of social norms in subdivided communities. They found that these communities facilitate the emergence and stability of cooperative norms, which are essential for sustained cooperation.
Astronomers have discovered a nearby star that rotates faster than expected, with anomalies in its stellar rotation profile. This finding provides insights into fundamental stellar strophysics and challenges current understanding of stellar dynamics and magnetic dynamos.
Researchers found that turbulent movements of air in clouds play a key role in the growth of droplets and initiation of rain. Simulations with turbulence showed rain formed around 20 minutes earlier and with seven times more rainwater than simulations without turbulence.
Researchers at USC developed a new method to accurately predict wildfire spread using satellite data and artificial intelligence. The model offers a potential breakthrough in wildfire management and emergency response, providing more precise and timely data for firefighters and evacuation teams battling wildfires.
Physicists at Trinity College Dublin developed a new theory describing the energy landscape of collections of quantum particles. This work addresses decades-old questions and may help scientists design materials revolutionizing green technologies.
A new study by Prof. Daniel Mandler and his team found that organic molecules can significantly influence the electrical properties of gold nanoparticles, up to 71 mV. The research highlights the importance of capping agents in controlling nanoparticle behavior and provides insights for customizing their interactions.
Researchers develop a method that fuses AlphaFold's strengths with computer simulations based on physics laws to predict protein structures, enabling faster drug development. The approach filters down initial hypotheses to a more manageable set of structures, increasing the effectiveness of pharmaceuticals.
A new tool, BioemuS, enables real-time emulation and hybridization of biological systems using biomimetic Spiking Neural Networks, addressing limitations of current pharmacological treatments. The system, developed through international collaboration, prioritizes cost efficiency and accessibility for closed-loop applications.
New simulations show that neutrinos created during neutron star collisions can be trapped at the interface of merging stars and interact with matter for 2-3 milliseconds. This brief out-of-equilibrium phase is crucial in understanding the physics of these extreme events.
A new study on learning has provided insights into the balance between habitual and goal-directed behaviors, with implications for AI development. The research suggests that a balance between these two types of behavior is necessary for efficient and adaptable decision-making in AI systems.
A team from Osaka University used electron microscopy and computer simulations to study the kinetics of microstructure formation in Fe3Al, leading to a deeper understanding of its superelastic properties. The findings could provide insights for heat treatments and applications in construction and healthcare industries.
Researchers have developed a theoretical equation to predict the average buckling strength of shells with geometric imperfections. The model, which considers shapes and distribution of imperfections, offers promise for creating lightweight and sustainable structures while ensuring structural reliability.
Researchers have discovered a quantum effect in biological systems that may help the brain protect itself from degenerative diseases. The effect, called superradiance, occurs when many tryptophan molecules are arranged in a symmetrical network and can absorb and re-emit damaging ultraviolet light particles.
Researchers at Institut Laue-Langevin discovered triphenylphosphine molecules exhibit rolling and translating motions on graphite surfaces, facilitated by their geometry and three-point binding. This study provides new insights into surface dynamics and opens up avenues for materials science and nanotechnology.
Researchers found that hydrogen can be stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs without getting stuck, as long as the rock is properly sealed. The study also showed that residual natural gas can be released from the rock into the hydrogen when injected, making it a potentially viable option for seasonal and long-term storage.
Urban flooding is increasing due to climate change and urbanization, posing a significant threat to pedestrian safety. Researchers found that building configurations can significantly impact flood vulnerability; staggered layouts provide more danger zones, while rounded or circular footprints reduce high-floodwater areas.
Researchers used computer simulations to demonstrate that a subduction zone originating in the Western Mediterranean will propagate into the Atlantic under the Strait of Gibraltar. This will create a new Atlantic subduction zone, which will then move down into the Earth's mantle.
Researchers found large individual differences in roundworm neural activity despite conserved neural circuits. Computer simulations including noise accurately model whole-brain activity, shedding light on neuronal connectivity and essential role of noise in brain function.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a method to synthesize hundreds of new 2D materials, expanding the possibilities for energy storage, catalysis, and water purification. The study uses a three-step process, including large-scale computations and chemical exfoliation, to identify and create suitable materials.
Gossiping provides a social benefit by disseminating information about people's reputations, helping recipients connect with cooperative individuals while avoiding selfish ones. This allows gossipers to gain an evolutionary advantage as their actions influence others' behavior and encourage cooperation.
Physicists at Paderborn University have developed a new solar cell design using tetracene, which significantly increases efficiency. The introduction of defects in the organic layer accelerates exciton transfer to silicon, reducing energy losses and increasing overall yield of usable energy.
Researchers at the University of South Florida have created an algorithm that can reconstruct a hidden scene in 3D using an ordinary digital camera, enabling users to see around obstacles. The technology has broad applications in various fields, including car safety, law enforcement, and military efforts.
Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign used generative AI to quickly assemble over 120,000 new MOF candidates for carbon capture. The approach combines AI with high-throughput screening, molecular dynamics simulations and theory-based design to identify optimal materials.
Scientists at the University of Rochester discovered that even small differences in grain shape can significantly alter grain segregation in dry and wet conditions. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research to better understand and predict geohazards and alleviate segregation issues in industrial flows.
A new depth from focus/defocus approach, DDFS, combines model-based and learning-based strategies to achieve notable improvements in performance and applicability. The proposed method outperformed state-of-the-art methods in various metrics for several image datasets.
Researchers have discovered a simple rule to design single-atom alloy catalysts for chemical reactions, allowing scientists to identify promising catalysts rapidly and efficiently. The 'ten electron rule' enables the prediction of catalytic activity by analyzing the periodic table.
A new study reveals that climate change is silently eroding the ocean's ability to provide fish by reducing plankton levels, leading to significant drops in fish stocks. The research found that even small declines in phytoplankton can result in much bigger drops in fish populations due to an amplifying mechanism within the food web.
The study reveals that hepatoblasts along the portal vein receive Notch signaling and differentiate into bile duct epithelial cells. Hematopoietic cells fail to transmit signals, resulting in the failure of differentiation. This discovery provides molecular biological support for mathematical analysis results.
Researchers found that bleeding control kits should be placed in two or more locations on premises, with a walking distance of under 90 seconds. Located near AEDs is more beneficial than at entrances, where they may be difficult to reach.
Researchers enhanced the Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations (ASRL) model to predict tree canopy height in beech-maple-birch forests. The modified model factors in known growth limitations and local meteorological datasets, achieving more realistic predictions compared to previous versions.
The A3D-MOBD is a comprehensive database for studying protein aggregation in twelve model organisms. It contains over half a million predictions of protein regions prone to forming aggregates, providing insights into the basis of this phenomenon.
A team of researchers has developed a novel methodology to engineer colloidal quasicrystals using DNA-modified building blocks, revealing new avenues for nanoscale design. The study demonstrates the programmable nature of DNA to design and assemble quasicrystals deliberately.
New studies show that giant gas planets in nearby star systems can prevent life on smaller, rocky planet neighbors by kicking them out of orbit and wreaking havoc on their climates. Researchers found that four giant planets in the HD 141399 system are likely to destroy the chances for life on Earth-like planets.