Researchers Norman H. Sleep and Cindy J. Ebinger find that a single giant plume of magma rose from Earth's mantle 45 million years ago, shaping Africa's striking geological features such as Mount Kilimanjaro and the Ethiopian plateau.
Researchers have modeled semilocal strings in the universe, which may explain why there is more matter than antimatter. The strings' behavior could also shed light on the formation of galaxies and large-scale structure.
A study at Washington University School of Medicine found that 3-D models of the pelvis are more accurate than X-ray images in preparing surgeons to revise hip replacements. This added information helps with crucial planning stages for complicated surgeries, reducing complications and improving patient outcomes.
Researchers have developed a fast new way to compute three-dimensional models of internal organs and anatomical features from noisy medical images. The method, based on partial-differential equations, allows doctors to build accurate models with just a single click inside the region of interest.
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Subodh Kumar's software, called sLIB, significantly speeds up the display of three-dimensional models by better than 100 to 200 times over older techniques. The program also allows designers greater control over detail levels and enables testing of user ideas.
Researchers used computer simulations and high-resolution observations to understand how stars form when galaxies collide. Clumping in gas on a large scale triggers bursts of star formation.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory create first 3-dimensional atomic model of tubulin, a protein essential for cell division and material transport. The model reveals the structure of tubulin's three functional components and its interaction with anti-cancer drug taxol.
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University of Michigan researchers use ultra-high speed custom software to simulate coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their effects on the Earth's magnetosphere. The simulations, run on a supercomputer, can predict solar wind events up to 17 times faster than real time.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University use computer models to study serious cardiac disorders and test potential treatments. By mimicking the heart's physiological functions in a highly detailed model, they aim to find medicines that can prolong the lives of millions suffering from congestive heart failure.
Scientists created a 3D computer model of a glutamate receptor, which can be used to develop new drugs for Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. The model accurately represents the receptor's structure and behavior.
Scientists at UC Berkeley developed a 3D model that explains the size and shape of tectonic plates, predicting they are larger than previously thought due to increased mantle viscosity. The model simulates convection cells in the mantle, resulting in large plates and subduction zones.