Articles tagged with Environmental Engineering
A new study found that indoor air pollution from residential coal burning in China causes a disproportionate number of premature deaths from exposure to tiny PM2.5 pollutants. Residential coal use accounted for 34% of premature deaths associated with PM2.5, despite contributing only 2.9% of total energy use.
A team of environmental engineers has presented a model that predicts where a disease will spread from an outbreak, in what patterns and how quickly. The model, based on data from county health agencies, shows similar patterns across regions, including urban and rural areas.
Researchers highlight Minnesota's success in eradicating Palmer amaranth, a hard-to-control noxious weed that can significantly reduce crop yields. The state's coordinated approach, including broad cooperation among stakeholders and swift action, led to the eradication of infestations at multiple sites across the state.
The 2021 class includes notable inventors like Dean Kamen and Mark Dean, whose work on the Segway and original IBM PC revolutionized technology. The inductees collectively hold over 675 U.S. patents, addressing pressing issues like healthcare, education, and environmental sustainability.
Researchers confirmed that doubling CO2 levels roughly doubles the risk of transmission. The model considers infection numbers in the local community but not air flow through rooms. Low CO2 levels can minimize COVID-19 risk, regardless of space activity.
A study by University of Virginia researchers reveals that people systematically default to additive strategies, overlooking subtractive ideas. This habit can lead to missed opportunities to improve the world through subtraction, with implications across various contexts, including engineering and policy.
Researchers at NIST have developed an atom-based sensor that can determine the direction of incoming radio signals, a crucial component for atomic communication systems. The sensor uses Rydberg atoms to measure phase differences and calculate signal arrival angles, offering advantages in accuracy and universality.
Researchers developed a comprehensive model to estimate lifetime microplastic exposure, accounting for variable levels from different sources and populations. The model predicts that adults can accrue an average of 50,100 microplastic particles by age 70.
A soft robotic dragonfly, called DraBot, uses microarchitectures and self-healing hydrogels to detect changes in pH, temperature, and oil levels. This proof-of-concept demonstration could lead to the development of autonomous environmental sentinels for monitoring environmental disruptions.
A study led by Rice University's Lauren Stadler and the City of Houston Health Department compared five processes used to concentrate samples and find COVID-19 in wastewater from six Houston plants. The process called 'electronegative filtration with bead beating' proved most sensitive and cost-effective.
Researchers warn of the environmental threat posed by disposable face masks made from microplastic fibers, which can fragment into nanoplastics and contaminate ecosystems. The production of disposable masks is estimated to be on a similar scale as plastic bottles, but with no official recycling guidelines.
Researchers estimated emissions from environmentally friendly fireworks and found they produce a much smaller plume with 15-65% PM2.5 reduction. However, peak concentrations exceed WHO guidelines, suggesting restrictions on usage.
The use of polymeric flame retardant PolyFR in eco-friendly foam insulation poses health risks and environmental concerns. Alternative insulation materials like mineral fibers can be used instead.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a real-time sensor system that can detect the airborne COVID-19 virus, with funding from DARPA. The system uses molecular imprinting and organic electrochemical transistors to rapidly transduce SARS-CoV-2 binding events into electronic signals.
Researchers at NICT and TOYOTA have successfully implemented stabilization technology for wireless communications in manufacturing systems. This technology allows for real-time visualization of the wireless environment and coordinated control of different systems, detecting unregistered terminals and suppressing radio congestion. The s...
The NTU Singapore team has developed a portable device that can create high-resolution 3D images of human skin within 10 minutes. This technology uses electrochemistry and can be used to assess the severity of skin conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis.
Engineers at Rice University developed a model to quantify the spread of pollutants from failed storage tanks during natural disasters. The model shows that chemicals like benzene and toluene can evaporate and drift with the wind, posing health risks to downwind communities.
Research by GIST and Utah State University found that three typhoons in Korea created an atmospheric wave train that amplified weather conditions in California and Oregon, increasing the likelihood of wildfires. The study highlights the global impact of extreme weather events.
Researchers at Tufts University have created flexible thread-based sensors that can measure movement of the neck, providing data on direction, angle of rotation, and degree of displacement. The technology has potential implications for tracking health and performance, with applications in athletic performance, worker fatigue, physical ...
Researchers developed a 5G indoor DAS technology that can receive millimeter wave-based broadband signals and transmit them into buildings. The technology significantly improves transmission capacity, equipment size, and deployment cost compared to conventional systems.
Researchers at WMG University of Warwick have developed a highly efficient hybrid flow battery technology that can store electricity for long durations at about 1/5 the cost of current systems. This breakthrough enables flexible and zero-emission grid-scale energy storage, making it ideal for widespread commercial adoption.
A recent study by McGill University finds that methane emissions from abandoned oil and gas wells in the US and Canada are significantly higher than previously estimated. The research estimates that these wells emit more methane gas than government records suggest, with implications for climate change.
The event aims to explore connections, camaraderie, and visibility within digital communities, considering their development, growth, and real-world interactions. The conference features keynote speakers, special guests, and a wide range of submissions from various media forms.
Researchers assess opportunities to improve nature monitoring, increase access to green spaces, and reduce pollution with robotics. However, they also warn of potential negative impacts on the environment, including waste generation and social inequalities.
Researchers from NUS have invented a new method of anti-counterfeiting called DeepKey, using 2D-material tags and AI-enabled authentication software. The technology works faster, achieves highly accurate results, and uses durable identification tags that can withstand extreme temperatures and environmental conditions.
The U.S. Department of Defense has established a new Acquisition Innovation and Research Center (AIRC) at Stevens Institute of Technology to enhance the defense acquisition system. Led by Dinesh Verma, the center aims to promote academic analysis and innovative policy alternatives to improve defense acquisition outcomes.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have created a new tool called DISCO that enables the analysis of individual cells in their natural environment. The method combines cell microscopy with single-cell omics platforms, allowing scientists to study stem cells and other rare cell types in greater detail.
A new method allows researchers to extract lead from point-of-use filters, providing a clearer picture of lead levels in tap water. The process takes less than an hour and can be repeated multiple times to provide accurate data on household water use.
Researchers captured the first ocean recordings of remoras hitchhiking on blue whales, revealing their refined skillset for navigating intense hydrodynamics. The study shows remoras select optimal regions, such as behind the blowhole, to reduce drag resistance and freely move around to feed and socialize.
A team of West Virginia University researchers are developing a protective jacket for tank cars that haul hazardous materials to prevent spills and leaks caused by accidents. The new composite material, made up of glass and polymer, improves fatigue, puncture, and fire resistance qualities.
Researchers at UTA are developing new concrete materials that have longer lives and leave less environmental impact. The team aims to extend the life of environmentally friendly concrete by using a new type of external additive, potentially reducing its carbon footprint and cost.
Project EARTH aims to separate and recycle hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants, reducing their global-warming potential. The US market for recycling refrigerants is valued at over $1 billion, with eliminating high-GWP refrigerants equivalent to eliminating 175 million metric tons of carbon dioxide.
A team of Pitt professors has received a $1 million NSF grant to create an at-home glaucoma monitoring device that uses acoustic waves to measure intraocular pressure. The project aims to enable patients and non-clinicians to reliably assess IOP, allowing doctors to tailor treatments more effectively.
Maria Pazi, a Russian science journalist with a background in biology, won the award for her outstanding work. She was chosen from among numerous nominees, including Micho Tatalovic and Stan van Pelt, who also received recognition for their contributions to European science journalism.
Researchers at Florida State University have created a new material for X-ray scintillators that uses an organic manganese halide compound, eliminating the need for lead or heavy metals. This breakthrough technology could pave the way for more affordable and sustainable X-ray detectors.
A Rutgers study suggests that bacteria present in the Passaic River may be capable of dechlorinating 2,3,7,8-TeCDD, a toxic byproduct of combustion and chemical manufacturing. This process could potentially decrease the toxin's toxicity over time.
Research from UBC's PCIGR analyzed honey samples from Parisian hives collected after the April 2019 Notre Dame Cathedral fire. Lead concentrations were up to four times higher than pre-fire levels, suggesting exposure to lead contamination. The study provides a unique method for tracing environmental pollution using honey.
A Cornell University team is investigating the effects of digital agriculture on small and mid-sized farms in rural America. The project aims to understand how new technologies like high-speed farm networks can improve productivity while minimizing environmental harm.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University are using eDNA technology to monitor salmon populations, which is expected to be more efficient and cost-effective than traditional methods. The study aims to compare eDNA samples with human fish counts to determine the most effective method for monitoring upriver migration of Pacific wild salmon.
Researchers developed a technology to sort and purify nanoparticles using dielectrophoresis. The 'nanogap electrode' can capture particles as small as 20 nanometers, paving the way for applications in environmental and medical sciences.
A new study using ecological network models finds that many ecosystem engineers, such as the shipworm and beavers, create stability in ecosystems, preventing extinctions. The model uses simple rules to show how food webs are assembled and species interactions change over time.
Researchers have developed a new method for estimating fish populations by analyzing environmental DNA in water. The approach, which accounts for the degradation of DNA molecules, has been successfully tested in Japan and shows promise for quantitative monitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
A multidisciplinary research team proposes integrating diverse species and environments into immunology research to develop treatments and vaccines for viruses. Observations in nature, such as the cowpox virus, have led to vaccine discoveries; now, studying new species can yield large payoffs.
The US Department of Energy has awarded $3.15 million to Argonne National Laboratory to support collaborations with private companies. This funding is part of the Technology Commercialization Fund, which aims to advance energy technologies and strengthen partnerships between DOE's National Laboratories and industry partners.
The Mole-bot, a biomimetic drilling robot, has been optimized for underground and space exploration. It boasts powerful forelimbs, a stout scapula, and an expandable drilling bit that can excavate three times faster than conventional models with six times higher directional accuracy.
Scientists have improved a technique called RACE-Seq to better understand the functions of individual cells in environmental samples. The new protocol increases genome coverage from around 20% to over 50%, allowing researchers to analyze the genetic and functional links between cells and their environments.
A new easy-to-use smart optical film technology has been developed, enabling smart windows to switch between transparent and opaque states. The film demonstrates high speed and performance, allowing for fast switching and uniform tinting while securing durability, stability, and safety.
A new USC study highlights the disproportionate impact of urban heat waves on low-income and disadvantaged communities in LA, with over half of census tracts expected to experience more than 16 extreme heat days above 95F per year by the end of the century.
Researchers in Papua New Guinea have found evidence of early agriculture and trade routes dating back to 5050-4200 years ago. This discovery challenges previous assumptions of the Neolithic period and sheds light on the development of cultural diversity in the region.
A study using supercomputers found that the US can double or quadruple its installed wind turbine capacity without significantly affecting local climate. The researchers used simulations to model the impact of wind turbines on local climates, finding that adding more turbines in a given area would have minimal effects.
Research estimates that online shopping for fast-moving consumer goods produces varying levels of greenhouse gas emissions compared to traditional and 'Bricks & Clicks' models. Shoppers can reduce their footprint by walking or biking to stores, while retailers can cut emissions by switching to electric cargo bikes.
A Virginia Tech assistant professor has received an NSF CAREER award to develop a system measuring air pollution using bicycles and smartphones, aiming to educate citizens about pollution and promote cleaner habits. The project will also explore alternative urban design approaches to reduce exposure.
A new list of chemicals available worldwide contains 350,000 entries, three times greater than 20 years ago, highlighting a need for international collaboration to track global chemical diversity. The list reveals inadequate descriptions and confidential business information on 70,000 and 50,000 entries, respectively.
Researchers at NYU Abu Dhabi have found a way for corals to adapt quickly to climate change by passing on epigenetic marks to their offspring. This discovery could lead to the creation of pre-adapted coral colonies that can repopulate dying reefs.
Researchers measured PFAS in cat and dog feces, detecting 13 compounds with longer-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids being most abundant. Estimated exposure levels for pets and potentially their owners were found to be above minimal risk levels.
High-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with bioanalytical tools can characterize complex chemical mixtures and capture mixture effects in environmental samples. The CITEPro technology platform is a key tool in this approach, enabling the profiling of the exposome and elucidating drivers of chemical stress.
Researchers at Iowa State University have created liquid metal alloys that can change their surface structure in response to heat, allowing for the development of 'smart' alloy systems. This technology could inspire design of tunable surface patterns and their composition with temperature for applications such as sensing and catalysis.
Researchers at Samara Polytech have created mathematical models to calculate noise propagation in power plants and gas-water systems. Their software products can detect source and cause of vibration, simplifying calculations and improving equipment functioning and service life.
A team of Lehigh researchers will use a $2 million DOE grant to develop a novel thermal energy storage concept, called THERMOSIPHON TECHNOLOGY. The goal is to create a more efficient and cost-effective approach to power plant applications.
Researchers found that air pollution from electricity generation led to about 16,000 premature deaths in the continental US, with higher exposures for black and white non-Latino Americans. Emissions from coal-fired power plants accounted for 91% of premature deaths, with significant disparities persisting across states.