Articles tagged with Microstructures
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A four-year, $6 million project aims to reduce stalk lodging in corn and sorghum using mathematical modeling and innovative technology. The team plans to breed stronger plants that can withstand various environmental factors, potentially increasing global food production by up to a billion people.
Researchers developed a new analytical method using sparse modeling to analyze atomic structure and structural fluctuation in materials. This method can determine radial structure and estimate Debye-Waller factor from measured data, indicating potential improvements in battery and electronic device performance.
A new study published in the journal Radiology found that women soccer players exhibit more extensive changes to brain tissue after repetitive 'heading' of the soccer ball. Women showed lower fractional anisotropy values across a larger volume of brain tissue compared to men.
Researchers develop new microscopy technique to track microstructural changes in real-time under high heat and stress. Alloy 709 shows promising results as a strong and resistant material for elevated temperature applications like next-generation nuclear power plants.
Researchers at UC Davis will investigate human brain's attention systems with higher resolution than ever attempted, aiming to understand and treat attention disorders. They plan to use combined fMRI and EEG methods to measure brain activity in volunteers.
A team of researchers from Texas A&M University and Sandia National Laboratories successfully improved the mechanical properties of bulk magnetic alloys through microstructural refinement. The findings show that the severe plastic deformation process can produce high-performance alloys with superior mechanical environments.
Researchers have developed a platform for 3-D printing food with customized texture and body absorption characteristics, enabling personalized nutrition. The technology has the potential to reduce food waste and meet the increasing demands of a growing world population.
Researchers developed ultraflexible OPVs with increased PCE and thermal stability, achieving 80% of initial PCE at over 500 hours of continuous thermal stress. The devices exhibit improved thermal stability compared to current OPVs, enabling optimal performance for wearable sensors and electronic devices.
Computer scientists and materials researchers developed a more accurate and objective method for classifying steel microstructures. The method uses machine learning to analyze microscope images and achieve accuracy of around 93%, surpassing conventional methods which only achieved 50% correct classification.
The new technique enables the creation of microstructures with high resolution, potentially paving the way for endoscopic printing in people. Researchers are working to develop biocompatible photopolymers and a compact delivery system before the technique can be used clinically.
Researchers have developed a gecko-inspired adhesive technology that can be used to handle delicate materials like silicon wafers in manufacturing computer processors. The technology uses a specific angle of attachment and release to grip the surface, offering a cleaner and more efficient alternative to current methods.
Researchers analyze order flow for pairs of NASDAQ 100 stocks and find four groups with large mutual differences, surprising given the lack of reflection in actual prices. This discovery contributes to modeling price evolution and could be used to evaluate the impact of financial crises.
Researchers at KIT have developed innovative fluorescent 3D structures to improve counterfeit protection in products like bank notes, pharmaceuticals, and car spare parts. These new security features can be easily integrated into various applications to prevent product piracy and counterfeiting.
A new methodology examines microscale structural characteristics and changes during manufacturing processes, providing insights into electrical motor efficiency. The technique allows for the evaluation of grain size, shape, texture, and plastic deformations, enabling the tailoring of magnetic properties and minimizing losses.
The Christian Doppler lab at TU Graz aims to understand thermomechanical processes in high-performance alloys. Researchers will use various methods to characterise and model physical phenomena, with a focus on non-ferrous alloys such as titanium and aluminium.
Researchers developed a framework for designing tailored microstructure patterns in materials using a combination of theory and experiment. They successfully simulated the solidification process of an aluminum-silver-copper alloy, comparing their results with experimental photographs.
Researchers at MIT developed a new design system that catalogs physical properties of tiny cube clusters, enabling computationally efficient evaluation of macroscopic designs. The system explores the entire space of properties to determine printable clusters, which can be used to optimize object materials and properties.
Scientists have developed a technique to map thermal conductivity at the nanoscale, enabling more efficient thermoelectric materials. This breakthrough uses scanning thermal microscopy to analyze three-phase thermoelectric materials and determine their local thermal conductivity.
Researchers at Osaka University have created a novel metal alloy by adding two metals to generate a unique cross-lamellar microstructure, significantly improving its mechanical performance. The new alloy shows excellent high-temperature strength and could lead to efficiency gains in gas turbines and jet engines.
Researchers have developed a technique to continuously monitor the properties of materials exposed to radiation, enabling real-time information about microstructural evolution. This nondestructive and noncontact method uses transient grating spectroscopy to detect changes in thermal and elastic properties.
Applied mathematicians at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences developed a framework to better understand and control the fabrication of optical microstructures. The researchers used this framework to grow sophisticated optical microcomponents, including resonators, waveguides, and beam splitters.
The ASSURE2 project explores belt casting technology to reduce steel production costs and energy consumption by over 300%. This innovative approach can also produce commercially attractive advanced high strength strip (AHSS) steel grades, such as TWIP and TRIP steels.
The novel 'Rheo-Raman' microscope allows for interconnected studies of soft materials by correlating their microstructure, composition, and flow behavior. This enables the understanding of how structural make-up dictates macroscopic properties like strength, hardness, or electrical conductivity.
The researchers will examine rapid solidification processes in aluminum alloys associated with laser or electron beam processing technologies. They hope to discover the mechanisms of how alloy microstructures evolve during solidification after laser melting, validating computer models and optimizing manufacturing processes.
Researchers from OIST have created a new method to build sensitive CO sensors using copper oxide nanowires integrated with micro-hotplates. The approach enables controlled growth, integration, and measurement of CO concentrations, overcoming previous challenges in sensor production.
Physicists at Cornell University have finally solved a puzzle that baffled researchers for over a century. Using computer game technology, they discovered the connection between smectics - liquid crystals forming ellipses and hyperbolas - and martensites, a crystalline structure of steel.
Researchers used X-ray micro-computed tomography to study the microstructure of fried potato disks and observed how oil content and pathway networks change with frying time. The findings can be applied to other fried foods, revealing a correlation between pore size and oil uptake.
A team of scientists has reevaluated the authenticity of ancient Australian chert microstructures, which were once claimed to be the planet's oldest fossils. The researchers assert that at least a portion of these structures are actually pseudo-fossils, formed through geological processes rather than biological activity.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute is developing new tools and technology to detect fatigue damage in aircraft components. This work has the potential to keep military aircraft in service longer while improving safety and reducing costs for commercial airlines.
Researchers at Disney Research have developed a method to create 3D-printed objects with varying levels of elasticity, enabling the creation of deformable toys and soft robots. By controlling the small-scale structure of the material, they can produce complex microstructures that mimic the properties of metamaterials.
A new study reveals that the Campi Flegrei caldera's caprock resembles ancient Roman concrete, with intertwining fibrous minerals contributing to its high strength. The findings help explain how the caldera has endured significant deformation without erupting.
The US Army Research Laboratory is designing new polymers with enhanced ballistic capabilities to protect soldiers from emerging threats. By modeling polymer chemistry, microstructure, and energy absorption, researchers aim to create ultra-high molecular weight polyethylenes for optimal performance at high strain rates.
Researchers study directional solidification in transparent alloys to understand microstructure formations, which affect material properties. They found cells and dendrites exhibit surprising behaviors, like oscillations, that can impact material performance.
Scientists have developed a new method to study steel fracturing using high-resolution images from a scanning electron microscope. The research revealed the connection between microstructure and porosity in sintered steels, identifying angular pores as initial points of 'nucleation' that initiate breaking.
David Mayerich aims to create three-dimensional models of tissue and whole organ microstructures using his NIH grant. This will help diagnose and treat diseases closely tied to microvascular structure, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have made the first 3D observations of how a lithium-ion battery anode evolves at the nanoscale. The study reveals severe microstructural changes that reduce capacity and cycle life, but shows promise for increasing battery lifespan
The formation of a hierarchical microstructure in superalloys has been observed for the first time using TEM and APT. Researchers found that spherical and plate-like gamma particles are key to the alloy's mechanical properties.
Researchers have developed a new resin that can be molded into complex, highly conductive 3-D structures with features just a few micrometers across. The resin holds promise for making customized electrodes for fuel cells or batteries, as well as biosensor interfaces for medical uses.
Scientists have created a three-dimensional map of electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries, revealing their unique structures and impact on charging speeds. The study's findings suggest that using round particles instead of plate-like ones can significantly improve the battery's performance.
Researchers have developed a real-time CT-scan test rig for ceramic composites at ultrahigh temperatures, enabling the analysis of mechanical properties and microcrack damage. The test rig provides crucial information to predict ceramic composite structural integrity and safe lifetime.
A European team has completed the first micro-structure atlas of the human brain, utilizing advanced MRI technology. The atlas provides unprecedented detail and accuracy, revealing new information about brain structure that helps understand how cellular architecture relates to thought processes.
Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered a new way to make steel 7 percent stronger than any steel on record using a heat-treatment called flash processing. The unique microstructure formed by the process boosts ductility, making it a potential impact-absorber for automotive applications.
The dragonfly wing's microstructure plays a crucial role in its biomechanical responses, enabling self-adaptability in flapping, torsion, and camber variations. The organic junction between veins and membranes optimizes strength, stiffness, and toughness.
Scientists at Northwestern University have developed new artificial composites inspired by nature's toughest material, nacre. The study reveals the secret to its remarkable properties and demonstrates how to replicate them in man-made materials.
CSIRO's new dynamic gating system and ATM melt delivery system improve die casting quality by reducing porosity and increasing microstructure. These innovative technologies enable stronger castings with lower environmental impact.
This study demonstrates novel microstructural transition in Al80.4Cu13.6Si6 ternary eutectic alloy upon substantial undercooling. The primary phase transforms from (Al) dendrite to faceted (Si) block at an undercooling level of 73 K.
Researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University discovered novel microstructural transitions in the Al80.4Cu13.6Si6 ternary eutectic alloy upon substantial undercooling. The study highlights the importance of understanding rapid solidification mechanisms and microstructure formation for this widely used material.
A recent study used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess white-matter microstructure in youth with and without histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. The findings show that alcohol can damage the microstructural integrity of fetal cerebral white matter, particularly in the frontal and occipital lobes, which are relevant for ...
Scientists have achieved a breakthrough in materials science by taking a detailed snapshot of nanoscale structures using the Lab's Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscope (DTEM). The study reveals brief changes in structure during cooling, providing insight into the formation mechanism of reactive multilayer foils.
Biological chemist Jason Shear and his team developed a way to alter the shape and size of microscopic hydrogel structures by changing their environment's chemistry. This allows for precise control over cells, which can be used to study disease, understand quorum sensing, and create micro-devices.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Technology created a batter with the perfect crispiness and reduced fat content by adjusting water content and frying time. A moisture level of 60% and 5-minute fry time resulted in a highly crispy, lower-fat batter.
Researchers at LSU are working on improving the efficiency of ethanol fuel production using coal-derived syngas. The project aims to produce clean energy from a domestic resource, making it more easily distributed and convertible into hydrogen-rich gas for use in fuel cells.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have discovered a technique to make metal memory, allowing metals to revert to their original shapes when heated. The discovery could lead to vanishing dents and other physical feats.
Researchers used diffusion tensor imaging to track water molecule movement in brains of chronic back pain patients and healthy controls. Chronic back pain was associated with more directed diffusion in pain-processing regions, suggesting complex brain organization and hyperactivity.
A Northwestern University research team has developed a three-dimensional imaging technique that enables the study of fuel cell microstructure. This will help improve fuel cell performance and lifespan by revealing nanometer-scale features.
Researchers at Yale University have devised a way to predict the microstructure of crystals as they form in materials. This new method enables the estimation of grain size and subsequent material properties dependent on microstructure, opening up possibilities for tailoring material characteristics.
Researchers have developed a simulation tool to predict the microstructures that form as complex liquid mixtures cool and solidify. The model accurately predicts how impurities and process differences affect crystal formation, enabling manufacturers to design new products with improved strength and durability.
The study reveals that granular materials exhibit complex rheology, making it challenging for continuum theory to predict their behavior. The enriched continuum model offers a new level of predictive capability, capturing the key transition mechanism and shear bands.
Scientists at Max-Planck-Gesellschaft developed a simple electrochemical procedure to fabricate three-dimensional microstructures. The innovation lies in applying ultrashort voltage pulses between the electrodes, which confines the electrochemical reaction to a small region and enables precise micromachining.