Articles tagged with Microstructures
Researchers at WMG, University of Warwick have developed routes to mitigate the effects of thermal gradients on microstructure, enabling wider use of flash sintering. Adopting these modified flash sintering routes will enable lower energy production of solid-state batteries and complex ceramic products.
Researchers discovered a unique microstructure on the bellies of sidewinding snakes, which improves performance when using lateral undulation for movement. The findings shed light on the functionality of these structures and their role in convergent evolution.
Researchers at Columbia University discovered that adding potassium ions to conventional lithium battery electrolytes prevents lithium microstructure proliferation, ultimately limiting the growth of dendrites that can cause short-circuiting and fires. This breakthrough enables stable lithium metal batteries with improved performance.
Researchers have developed a single-atom alloy co-catalyst that significantly enhances photocatalytic hydrogen production activity. By precisely controlling the Pt content in the Pd@Pt/MOF composite, they achieved an exceptionally high photocatalytic activity, surpassing its counterparts.
Researchers have demonstrated improvements in the fatigue life of high strength aluminium alloys by 25 times, a significant outcome for the global transport industry. Aluminium alloy microstructures that can heal weak links called 'precipitate free zones' (PFZs) were created to enhance fatigue performance.
Scientists from KIT and Heidelberg University have developed a photoresist for two-photon microprinting, enabling the creation of three-dimensional polymer microstructures with cavities in the nano range. The novel material allows for controlled porosity and affects light scattering properties.
Cuttlebone's unique chambered 'wall-septa' design optimizes weight, stiffness, and damage tolerance, allowing for controlled failure and energy absorption. The structure's wavy walls induce fractures at the middle of walls, limiting external impact.
Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology have successfully produced stable, well-shaped microstructures from silica aerogel using a 3D printer. The printed structures exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties, making them ideal for thermally insulating small electronic components and shie...
Studies using realistic shaving experiments and in situ electron microscopy found that differences in cutting angle, microstructural variation, and location of variations contribute to blade failure. Implementing homogeneous microstructures at the cutting edge could be achieved through nanostructured alloys.
The discovery of KV3Sb5, a material hosting Dirac physics and metallic frustrated magnetism, has led to the observation of one of the largest anomalous Hall effects (AHEs) ever seen. This unique combination enables scientists to study the interaction between these exotic properties.
A team of scientists designed a discontinuous fibrous Bouligand architecture to create exceptional fracture toughness and crack orientation insensitivity. The study reveals the origin of biomimetic microstructures for high-performance advanced composite materials.
Researchers applied machine learning techniques to explore microstructure of fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries. They used DC-GANs to generate 3D image data and run simulations to predict cell performance. The technique could help design optimized electrodes for improved energy storage.
Researchers found that contacts form between particles, stabilizing microstructure and stiffening materials. This discovery explains age-related changes in paste materials and has implications for industries using similar materials.
Researchers have developed a machine-learning based algorithm for quantitatively characterizing materials with features as small as nanometers. The tool can detect faults and cracks, predict lifetimes under different stresses and strains, and track the evolution of microstructures in real time.
Researchers report that the leaves of the floating fern Salvinia molesta can efficiently recover air mattress trapped in microstructures due to interconnected wedge-shaped grooves. Artificially fabricated leaf surfaces also exhibit air mattress recovery and could prove useful in various underwater applications.
Researchers developed a templating technique to instill order in self-assembling inorganic materials, forming new eutectic materials. The results show that these composites can have unique microstructures such as square, triangular and honeycomb-shaped structures with specific properties.
Researchers have used physics-based redesign to optimize the industrial bread dough kneading process. Their simulations showed that radial mixing in a spiral kneader is more effective than vertical mixing, leading to improved bread quality. The findings could lead to enhanced mixing performance and reduced over- or under-kneading.
Japanese researchers developed a simulation technique that accurately predicts the microstructure of Nickel-Aluminum alloys used in jet engine turbine parts. The method uses first-principle phase field calculations to overcome time-consuming and expensive experimental procedures.
Researchers at Penn State developed firefly-mimicking structures to improve light extraction efficiency in LEDs, achieving up to 90 percent. Asymmetric microstructures increase surface area for interaction with light and promote randomization of reflections, allowing more light to escape.
Researchers have developed a new map of newborn babies' brains that could provide a reference tool for studying typical brain development and neurological disorders. The study used noninvasive MRI scans to reveal complex brain architecture, offering potential biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder at birth.
Scientists create new 3D printing process using stimulus-responsive polymers, enabling printed objects to change shape under external signals. The technology has potential applications in biology, biomedicine, and microfluidic systems.
Using 3D crystallography, researchers at Nagoya Institute of Technology study how particles shape up metal composites. They found that controlling particle distribution can improve the composite's strength and ductility, leading to better materials for applications like bridge suspension wires.
A study of over 10,000 participants found that gray matter volume in certain DMN subregions was associated with white matter microstructure changes. Variations in functional coupling patterns were also linked to connectivity changes between major brain networks.
A four-year, $6 million project aims to reduce stalk lodging in corn and sorghum using mathematical modeling and innovative technology. The team plans to breed stronger plants that can withstand various environmental factors, potentially increasing global food production by up to a billion people.
Researchers developed a new analytical method using sparse modeling to analyze atomic structure and structural fluctuation in materials. This method can determine radial structure and estimate Debye-Waller factor from measured data, indicating potential improvements in battery and electronic device performance.
A new study published in the journal Radiology found that women soccer players exhibit more extensive changes to brain tissue after repetitive 'heading' of the soccer ball. Women showed lower fractional anisotropy values across a larger volume of brain tissue compared to men.
Researchers develop new microscopy technique to track microstructural changes in real-time under high heat and stress. Alloy 709 shows promising results as a strong and resistant material for elevated temperature applications like next-generation nuclear power plants.
Researchers at UC Davis will investigate human brain's attention systems with higher resolution than ever attempted, aiming to understand and treat attention disorders. They plan to use combined fMRI and EEG methods to measure brain activity in volunteers.
A team of researchers from Texas A&M University and Sandia National Laboratories successfully improved the mechanical properties of bulk magnetic alloys through microstructural refinement. The findings show that the severe plastic deformation process can produce high-performance alloys with superior mechanical environments.
Researchers have developed a platform for 3-D printing food with customized texture and body absorption characteristics, enabling personalized nutrition. The technology has the potential to reduce food waste and meet the increasing demands of a growing world population.
Researchers developed ultraflexible OPVs with increased PCE and thermal stability, achieving 80% of initial PCE at over 500 hours of continuous thermal stress. The devices exhibit improved thermal stability compared to current OPVs, enabling optimal performance for wearable sensors and electronic devices.
Computer scientists and materials researchers developed a more accurate and objective method for classifying steel microstructures. The method uses machine learning to analyze microscope images and achieve accuracy of around 93%, surpassing conventional methods which only achieved 50% correct classification.
The new technique enables the creation of microstructures with high resolution, potentially paving the way for endoscopic printing in people. Researchers are working to develop biocompatible photopolymers and a compact delivery system before the technique can be used clinically.
Researchers have developed a gecko-inspired adhesive technology that can be used to handle delicate materials like silicon wafers in manufacturing computer processors. The technology uses a specific angle of attachment and release to grip the surface, offering a cleaner and more efficient alternative to current methods.
Researchers analyze order flow for pairs of NASDAQ 100 stocks and find four groups with large mutual differences, surprising given the lack of reflection in actual prices. This discovery contributes to modeling price evolution and could be used to evaluate the impact of financial crises.
Researchers at KIT have developed innovative fluorescent 3D structures to improve counterfeit protection in products like bank notes, pharmaceuticals, and car spare parts. These new security features can be easily integrated into various applications to prevent product piracy and counterfeiting.
A new methodology examines microscale structural characteristics and changes during manufacturing processes, providing insights into electrical motor efficiency. The technique allows for the evaluation of grain size, shape, texture, and plastic deformations, enabling the tailoring of magnetic properties and minimizing losses.
The Christian Doppler lab at TU Graz aims to understand thermomechanical processes in high-performance alloys. Researchers will use various methods to characterise and model physical phenomena, with a focus on non-ferrous alloys such as titanium and aluminium.
Researchers developed a framework for designing tailored microstructure patterns in materials using a combination of theory and experiment. They successfully simulated the solidification process of an aluminum-silver-copper alloy, comparing their results with experimental photographs.
Researchers at MIT developed a new design system that catalogs physical properties of tiny cube clusters, enabling computationally efficient evaluation of macroscopic designs. The system explores the entire space of properties to determine printable clusters, which can be used to optimize object materials and properties.
Scientists have developed a technique to map thermal conductivity at the nanoscale, enabling more efficient thermoelectric materials. This breakthrough uses scanning thermal microscopy to analyze three-phase thermoelectric materials and determine their local thermal conductivity.
Researchers at Osaka University have created a novel metal alloy by adding two metals to generate a unique cross-lamellar microstructure, significantly improving its mechanical performance. The new alloy shows excellent high-temperature strength and could lead to efficiency gains in gas turbines and jet engines.
Researchers have developed a technique to continuously monitor the properties of materials exposed to radiation, enabling real-time information about microstructural evolution. This nondestructive and noncontact method uses transient grating spectroscopy to detect changes in thermal and elastic properties.
Applied mathematicians at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences developed a framework to better understand and control the fabrication of optical microstructures. The researchers used this framework to grow sophisticated optical microcomponents, including resonators, waveguides, and beam splitters.
The ASSURE2 project explores belt casting technology to reduce steel production costs and energy consumption by over 300%. This innovative approach can also produce commercially attractive advanced high strength strip (AHSS) steel grades, such as TWIP and TRIP steels.
The novel 'Rheo-Raman' microscope allows for interconnected studies of soft materials by correlating their microstructure, composition, and flow behavior. This enables the understanding of how structural make-up dictates macroscopic properties like strength, hardness, or electrical conductivity.
The researchers will examine rapid solidification processes in aluminum alloys associated with laser or electron beam processing technologies. They hope to discover the mechanisms of how alloy microstructures evolve during solidification after laser melting, validating computer models and optimizing manufacturing processes.
Researchers from OIST have created a new method to build sensitive CO sensors using copper oxide nanowires integrated with micro-hotplates. The approach enables controlled growth, integration, and measurement of CO concentrations, overcoming previous challenges in sensor production.
Physicists at Cornell University have finally solved a puzzle that baffled researchers for over a century. Using computer game technology, they discovered the connection between smectics - liquid crystals forming ellipses and hyperbolas - and martensites, a crystalline structure of steel.
Researchers used X-ray micro-computed tomography to study the microstructure of fried potato disks and observed how oil content and pathway networks change with frying time. The findings can be applied to other fried foods, revealing a correlation between pore size and oil uptake.
A team of scientists has reevaluated the authenticity of ancient Australian chert microstructures, which were once claimed to be the planet's oldest fossils. The researchers assert that at least a portion of these structures are actually pseudo-fossils, formed through geological processes rather than biological activity.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute is developing new tools and technology to detect fatigue damage in aircraft components. This work has the potential to keep military aircraft in service longer while improving safety and reducing costs for commercial airlines.
Researchers at Disney Research have developed a method to create 3D-printed objects with varying levels of elasticity, enabling the creation of deformable toys and soft robots. By controlling the small-scale structure of the material, they can produce complex microstructures that mimic the properties of metamaterials.
A new study reveals that the Campi Flegrei caldera's caprock resembles ancient Roman concrete, with intertwining fibrous minerals contributing to its high strength. The findings help explain how the caldera has endured significant deformation without erupting.
The US Army Research Laboratory is designing new polymers with enhanced ballistic capabilities to protect soldiers from emerging threats. By modeling polymer chemistry, microstructure, and energy absorption, researchers aim to create ultra-high molecular weight polyethylenes for optimal performance at high strain rates.
Researchers study directional solidification in transparent alloys to understand microstructure formations, which affect material properties. They found cells and dendrites exhibit surprising behaviors, like oscillations, that can impact material performance.
Scientists have developed a new method to study steel fracturing using high-resolution images from a scanning electron microscope. The research revealed the connection between microstructure and porosity in sintered steels, identifying angular pores as initial points of 'nucleation' that initiate breaking.
David Mayerich aims to create three-dimensional models of tissue and whole organ microstructures using his NIH grant. This will help diagnose and treat diseases closely tied to microvascular structure, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have made the first 3D observations of how a lithium-ion battery anode evolves at the nanoscale. The study reveals severe microstructural changes that reduce capacity and cycle life, but shows promise for increasing battery lifespan
The formation of a hierarchical microstructure in superalloys has been observed for the first time using TEM and APT. Researchers found that spherical and plate-like gamma particles are key to the alloy's mechanical properties.