Research modeling the climate and its extremes. Covers climate extremes, ocean-dipole types, weather forecasting, and AI ecosystem monitoring.
A new map shows where atmospheric formaldehyde on early Mars is likely to have reached the surface, potentially providing clues to the origins of life on the planet. Water vapor played a crucial role in formaldehyde formation and delivery, with water-rich regions predicted to receive more formaldehyde than drier areas.
Scientists have identified potential locations in Panama where amphibians can persist without the threat of disease, providing a tool to select sites for reintroduction. The models suggest that only certain species can survive in areas with high disease resistance, offering a glimmer of hope for amphibian conservation.
Researchers used AI and climate models to analyze the impact of past decade emissions on Europe's heat waves, finding strong evidence that emissions intensified the region's recent heat waves. The study suggests that even with successful emission reductions, extreme heat waves will continue to worsen.
A new study integrates fair-share considerations into climate models, revealing different pathways to achieve the same global climate outcome. Regions with higher responsibility and capability cut emissions faster domestically, while lower-responsibility regions see net improvements to consumption.
Climate extremes in the Amazon are getting worse, with the central north region experiencing rapid growth in extreme temperatures and water stress. The region, home to extensive indigenous territories and high forest cover, was not previously considered a hotspot for climate change.
Research reveals two distinct types of Indian Ocean Dipole with different physical mechanisms and climate impacts. The west-east type IOD shows a stronger connection with East African autumn rainfall, while the central-east type IOD has a weaker influence.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have demonstrated that incorporating satellite measurements of water vapor isotopes into weather models improves forecasts of atmospheric conditions. This addition leads to more accurate weather forecasts, particularly for heavy rainfall predictions.
Researchers integrate AI into local monitoring sensors to track ecosystem health in near real-time, reducing delays of months to years. The project enables faster release of accessible flux data, helping scientists understand ecosystem responses to change and inform land management decisions.
Arctic cyclone clusters significantly impact sea ice cover, causing it to break up and reducing its extent. The storms also drive ice floes northwards, leading to a thinner and less resilient ice sheet.
Researchers developed an open-source tool RIME-X to generate regional climate and impact projections while capturing uncertainties. The new method combines simple climate models with regional information from multi-model climate and impact model ensembles, producing scenario- and time-dependent probability distributions.
A new study reveals that Northern Eurasia's carbon sink is driven by climate change, with stronger sinks in western and southern regions. Forest productivity is a key determinant of the regional carbon sink, not just warming alone.
A new study from Stockholm University found that the most severe droughts in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean arose when multiple natural climate cycles coincided. This helped explain why the drought associated with the Late Bronze Age collapse were so severe, pushing societies beyond a critical hydroclimatic threshold.
A team of 23 researchers from 14 nations identifies three research priorities: winter aerosols, clouds, and feedback; winter storms and sea ice interactions; and polar-global teleconnections. These processes are highly under-observed due to their high variability and logistical challenges.
Researchers found that long-term improvements in water quality, as well as increased occurrence of certain aquatic species, are associated with broad environmental regulations. Conservation policies have helped restore freshwater ecosystems and prevent extreme species loss, indicating the importance of protecting biodiversity and human...
A new study reveals that climate models reproduce extreme heat but struggle to capture the gradual atmospheric buildup leading up to it. The researchers propose a process-based framework for evaluating climate models to improve prediction capabilities and enhance preparedness for extreme heat events.
New global kilometer-scale models have improved storm simulations, capturing details like system duration, propagation speed, and rainfall intensity. However, the models share biases, producing too many short-lived, small-scale MCSs with intense rainfall rates.
Researchers developed a digital twin framework to predict permafrost degradation in Alaska's thawing permafrost. The framework uses real-time measurements and AI to simulate the physical properties of frozen soil, enabling more accurate predictions of climate change impact.
A new study finds that hail conditions are changing due to global warming, with warmer regions experiencing a decrease in summer hail risk and cooler regions facing an increase in winter hail risk. The shift is attributed to changes in atmospheric conditions, including the melting of frozen hailstones and the formation of stronger storms.
Researchers from Virginia Tech found that airborne particles have an outer alkaline shell, contradicting the traditional view of uniform droplets. This discovery has significant implications for understanding air quality and climate change.
Scientists have discovered a previously unknown mechanism that transfers heat into the deep ocean, even when surface water temperatures remain stable. The study reveals an abrupt 5°C warming in intermediate waters at 800 meters depth over the past 11,000 years, linked to changes in Southern Hemisphere ocean-atmosphere circulation.
Scientists are calling for a fundamental rethink of climate and biodiversity models to address the scale and complexity of crises ahead. The current models focus on incremental change rather than transformative transformations needed for a safe and just future.
Researchers developed a new method to carry out long-term climate simulations at a fraction of the cost and time needed compared to traditional climate models. The team used a powerful climate model to train a much faster statistical emulator that can reproduce climate changes in just minutes.
Researchers from Colorado State University are investigating the effects of rain falling on snow in the Arctic, which can influence animal behavior and habitat quality. They aim to develop a snow modeling tool to better predict changes to the environment and support decision-making for communities that rely on wildlife.
A new study reveals that climate models are less confident in predicting regional rainfall patterns due to uncertainties in large-scale wind patterns. This limits confidence in forecasts of floods and droughts, particularly in regions vulnerable to these events.
A new computational model developed by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology shows that onshore wind is likely to supply around 25% of global electricity by 2050 and solar reaching about 20%, aligning with the 2°C target. However, this falls short of what is required for a 1.5°C goal.
The partnership aims to boost conservation impact by harnessing advanced digital technology and biobanking techniques, focusing on three core areas: knowledge transfer, innovation, and student engagement. This collaboration seeks to address pressing environmental challenges such as biodiversity threats and emerging pathogens.
Researchers investigated the Mississippi River's hydrological trends, ocean carbon storage, and gender dynamics in flood mortality. A study found that precipitation increases, but soil moisture decreases, while high-resolution models reveal stronger Southern Ocean carbon absorption. Additionally, data showed men are overrepresented in ...
Researchers have shown that ocean temperature patterns limit the global spread of droughts, with synchronised droughts affecting only 1.8% to 6.5% of global land. The study identified 'drought hubs' in regions like Australia, South America, and southern Africa.
New research from the University of Copenhagen suggests that volcanic eruptions during the Ice Age may have disrupted the AMOC, threatening Denmark's climate. The study shows that extreme volcanic eruptions can throw the climate system out of balance and push the AMOC into a weakened or collapsed state.
A study by Newcastle University found that UK winters are becoming significantly wetter, with a 7% increase in rainfall per degree of global warming, driven by rising temperatures from anthropogenic warming. The experts warn that this trend will continue to worsen, increasing the risk of flooding and economic damages.
A new IIASA-led study examines critiques of global climate mitigation scenarios' equity and justice, proposing practical ways to advance fairness in climate pathways. The research synthesizes growing evidence that current scenarios fall short, identifying a roadmap for integrating fairness into future climate futures.
A team of researchers at the Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, developed an ensemble technique to improve climate modeling by tracing water molecules' movement. They found a general increase in atmospheric water vapor associated with warming temperatures, linking it to large-scale climate phenomena.
Salesky's research team will address uncertainty in how turbulent processes contribute to cloud formation by using simulations to replicate turbulence and test environmental conditions. The study aims to improve civilian and military weather forecasting models, with significant implications for precipitation and severe weather.
Climate-risk scores are being used in infrastructure design, housing markets, and public policy, but the devil is in the details. Only 4% of highly cited studies shared their data and code, highlighting a structural barrier to cumulative progress.
A recent study found that organic matter carried from rivers into the Arctic Ocean creates more clouds and keeps the region cooler. Aerosol particles formed by this biological matter act as 'seeds' for cloud formation, increasing their ability to form bright, long-lasting clouds.
Researchers recommend shifting Olympic and Paralympic Games to earlier dates to protect fairness and safety for athletes. Snowmaking is also seen as a crucial adaptation strategy to ensure the viability of snow sports.
A team of researchers from Rice University discovered that lakes on ancient Mars could persist under thin seasonal ice for at least decades, contradicting earlier climate models. The study suggests that surface features shaped by sustained liquid water coexist with the idea that early Mars was too cold to support such conditions.
Recent research reveals that volcanic eruptions can cause unpredictable weather patterns, including volcanic rain, dust storms, and unstable Antarctic air. The study also found that the Antarctic surface atmosphere has become less stable and more prone to gravity waves since the 1950s.
The Alps are expected to reach a peak loss rate of 2,000-4,000 glaciers per year by 2033-2041, with only 110 glaciers remaining in Central Europe by 2100. Regions like the Rocky Mountains and Andes will also experience significant glacier losses.
Researchers found that coral reefs governed the pace of climate recovery by tuning the planet's carbon and climate cycles. The study suggests that reefs played a crucial role in stabilizing climate, but modern reef systems are declining due to warming and ocean acidification.
Researchers investigate how adjacent cities exacerbate each other's heat island effects. A study also highlights the need for improved hindcasting infrastructure in climate science. Additionally, a campaign monitors pinned clouds over industrial sources of heat and finds that trees are more reliable against heat stress than buildings.
A new study found that the rate of organic carbon decomposition in soil samples collected across the US differed by up to tenfold, with factors like fungi and iron levels strongly associated with variation. This could improve the accuracy of soil carbon feedback estimates in climate models, leading to more refined projections.
A new study using CALIOP lidar data found nearly 10% of atmospheric profiles feature ambiguous transition zones between clouds and aerosols. The high frequency of these zones poses a challenge to current climate models, highlighting the need for more sophisticated representations of atmospheric particles.
A team of researchers has developed an improved version of the Zebiak-Cane model by fine-tuning key atmospheric parameters, resulting in more realistic ENSO simulations. The study demonstrates that adjusting heating efficiency, drag coefficient, and frictional coefficient can mitigate biases and improve the model's realism.
Researchers at RIKEN successfully simulated the Milky Way Galaxy with over 100 billion individual stars, far surpassing previous state-of-the-art models. This achievement demonstrates the power of AI-accelerated simulations in tackling complex multi-scale problems in astrophysics and beyond.
Researchers found that small mountain ponds in the Andes can release large amounts of greenhouse gases, contradicting past assumptions. The study's findings highlight the importance of studying small aquatic systems and their impact on global carbon balance.
A new study published in Journal of Climate reveals that high-resolution CMIP6 models more accurately simulate long-term summer precipitation trends in High Mountain Asia. The study found that higher resolution improves the simulation by reducing a wet bias, particularly over the southern margin and nearby regions.
Researchers from Chiba University developed an AI-based spatial framework to identify areas with limited vertical greening, revealing uneven distribution and high-priority zones for improvement. The framework provides a citywide map of vertical greenery, aiming to enhance cooling, biodiversity, and urban resilience.
New research shows that near-term mitigation could spare future generations around 0.6 meters of sea-level rise caused by emissions between 2020 and 2090 following current policies. The study provides a direct link between today's policy choices and sea levels hundreds of years from now.
A new international study proposes a transparent and inclusive research platform to generate and compare Integrated Assessment Model scenarios. This approach would allow researchers from across the world to participate, contributing their expertise to shape the future of climate policy.
A new study reveals that ENSO could intensify rapidly over the coming decades and synchronize with other major climate phenomena, leading to stronger rainfall fluctuations in regions such as Southern California and the Iberian Peninsula. The amplified impacts will necessitate enhanced planning and adaptation strategies.
An international research team has proposed a more open and transparent platform for comparative climate research, allowing researchers from diverse regions to participate. This may lead to more balanced scientific basis for global climate policy, with increased consideration of developing countries' perspectives.
A new study suggests that the Earth's carbon cycle can overcorrect and plunge the planet into an ice age if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise. The researchers found that in a warmer world with enhanced algae growth, the oceans lose oxygen, leading to a feedback loop that consumes more carbon.
The new Python-based framework simplifies climate dynamics, allowing students and researchers to explore cutting-edge experiments. It features adjustable atmospheric settings and can simulate real-world influences, making it suitable for classroom exercises and advanced research.
A new study reveals that global warming is accelerating the risk of multi-year droughts leading to extreme water scarcity. The frequency of Day Zero Droughts will increase sharply over the coming decades, affecting 750 million people globally by the end of this century.
UCSB scientists found that cloud seeding could disrupt the El Niño Southern Oscillation, a major climate cycle. In contrast, stratospheric aerosol injection had virtually no effect on ENSO. The study highlights the importance of considering broad consequences before implementing geoengineering proposals.
Scientists at Rice University and NSF NCAR are developing a new climate model that can track water's unique fingerprints, providing insights into the water cycle and its impact on climate systems. The project aims to better understand how much rain falls, where moisture comes from, and how it travels through the atmosphere and oceans.
A 30-year study reveals East Antarctica's interior is warming at a rate of 0.45-0.72°C per decade, faster than global average, driven by changes in the Southern Indian Ocean. This warming process may underestimate future Antarctic ice loss predictions.
The University of Maryland is developing an AI-powered early warning system to help communities prepare for and respond to diarrheal disease risks exacerbated by extreme weather events. The system will provide timely, actionable information to public health agencies and local leaders using integrated weather, health, and demographic data.
A study by Utrecht University researchers found that previous fairness and ambition assessments were biased, rewarding high emitters at the expense of vulnerable ones. The proposed method avoids delaying emission reduction obligations and calculates immediate ambition gaps that can be filled by climate measures and international finance.