Articles tagged with Forest Ecosystems
A new study reveals that the ratio of predator-to-prey biomass decreases as prey biomass increases in diverse ecosystems, including grasslands, forests, lakes, and oceans. The study analyzed tens of thousands of populations across 2,260 ecosystems globally, finding a consistent pattern of biomass scaling.
The study estimates that there are over 3 trillion trees on Earth, with the total number of trees having plummeted by roughly 46% since the start of human civilization. The research provides new insights into tree populations worldwide and offers improvements to modeling large-scale systems, including carbon cycling and climate change.
Researchers at the Marcell Experimental Forest in Minnesota are conducting unprecedented whole-ecosystem manipulation to study peatlands' response to increased temperature and elevated carbon dioxide. The goal is to understand how peatlands react to various warming conditions and their impact on the global carbon cycle.
Wildfires have been raging in Washington State, Oregon's Malheur National Forest, and California's Golden State, burning over 390,000 acres and forcing evacuations. The blazes are fueled by strong winds and lightning strikes, with no imminent relief expected.
A special journal issue highlights real-world applications of conservation genetics in Latin America, from combating wildlife smuggling to exposing consumer fraud. Researchers used genetic techniques to characterize jaguar populations and identify piracatinga fish as a substitute for river dolphins.
A team of researchers has advanced new modeling technology to quantify human dependence on nature and its impact on human well-being. The study found that people who depended on multiple types of ecosystem services fared better than those with limited resources.
Researchers will discuss infectious disease ecology, including Ebola and MERS, as well as forest biodiversity and the impact of climate change. The conference also explores urban ecology and its relevance to environmental problems.
A fossilized owl pellet study reveals that the small mammal community was stable and resilient around 13,000 years ago, but human-caused changes since the late 1800s have caused a massive drop in biomass and energy flow, indicating a loss of natural resilience
The Serengeti is facing significant threats, including climate change, population growth, and infrastructure development, which could lead to the loss of this iconic ecosystem. Researchers are studying the impact of these factors on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services.
Invasive earthworms in New England's forests are bioaccumulating high levels of toxic metals, including lead and mercury, which may harm birds, amphibians, and mammals that feed on them. The Dartmouth-led study found similar situations in forests across the northeastern United States.
A new Harvard University study maps ecosystem service hotspots in Massachusetts, revealing a shift from intact forests to smaller, highly valued ecosystems. The research highlights the need for conservation efforts at multiple scales to sustain the natural environment.
The USGS study found that rivers quickly erode sediment accumulated in former reservoirs and redistribute it downstream, returning the river to conditions similar to those prior to impoundment. In many cases, fish and other biological aspects of river ecosystems also respond quickly to dam removal.
A recent study found that over 50% of National Forest land in the northern Sierra Nevada is designated to promote mature, closed-canopy forest, while many bird species prefer undergrowth and habitat outside reserves. The study suggests a need to balance old-growth forest management with diverse forest habitats for all species.
A team of scientists developed a model to quantify the effects of plant biodiversity loss on ecosystem productivity, finding that conserving species diversity can help maintain ecosystem services. The study provides new insights into the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
A University of Minnesota study found that reducing biodiversity in grasslands leads to reduced ecosystem stability, while other factors have no impact. The research emphasizes the importance of preserving biodiversity to maintain ecosystem health and services.
New research reveals that logging can cause significant declines in invertebrate diversity, but ecosystems can adapt to these changes by shifting responsibilities among species. In contrast, vertebrates are less diverse and more vulnerable to new challenges, making them a risky substitute for invertebrates.
Human intervention in arctic and boreal wetlands results in significant increase of CO2 emissions, leading to overall warming effect despite decrease in methane emission. Conversion of temperate wetlands into agricultural land causes higher climate impact due to increased radiative forcing.
A study reveals that 70% of the world's remaining forests are within a half-mile of their edges, facing harm from urbanization and agricultural influences. Habitat fragmentation reduces plant and animal diversity by 13-75%, with negative effects magnifying over time.
Researchers warn that localized issues like nutrient pollution and deforestation can exacerbate climate change impacts on ecosystems. Strengthening local management is crucial to expand the 'safe operating space' for these ecosystems, which are critical to global biodiversity. Local actions can be well understood and not too expensive.
A team of experts has published six natural science principles to ensure the success of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) initiatives. The principles, designed to be scientifically robust yet practical, focus on understanding system dynamics, monitoring outcomes, and ensuring ecological sustainability.
A recent study by the Wildlife Conservation Society found that human behaviors, such as disturbance, may be driving changes to bird communities in residential areas. Despite contrasting geographies, exurban development appeared to have similar effects on birds in two regions, with some species benefiting and others negatively impacted.
A new study published by Point Blue Conservation Science found that aggressive removal of conifers can restore aspen stands in the Sierra Nevada, increasing groundwater, enriching soils, and supporting biodiversity. The study's authors used bird species to measure the effectiveness of the restoration approach.
Researchers at the University of Missouri estimated that salamander populations are 2-4 times higher than previously thought, and may be up to 10 times higher in some regions. This finding could help drive conservation efforts and forest management by acknowledging salamanders as a key food source.
A new international research review argues that government-sponsored firefighting and land-use policies encourage development on hazardous landscapes, amplifying human losses. The authors recommend adopting location-specific approaches to improve development and safety in fire-prone areas through effective land-use planning, regulation...
A University of Tennessee, Knoxville study reveals that saving endemic species is crucial for maintaining ecosystem balance and biodiversity. Endemic species have evolved unique traits to survive in harsh environments, which can impact neighboring species.
A new study suggests that assigning a price to nature's services can lead to trade-offs between conservation and economic benefits. While some ecosystems benefit from pricing, others suffer as traditional conservation strategies may not effectively protect the economic value of biodiversity.
A new report by Rights and Resources Initiative sheds light on Asia Pulp and Paper's (APP) past failures to respect community land rights in China. The study found that APP's historic land acquisitions posed risks to the company's investments and operations, with significant challenges remaining to be addressed.
A study by CTFS-ForestGEO reveals global change effects on forests in 24 countries with 59 monitored sites. Forests have warmed by over 1 degree F and experienced up to 30 percent changes in precipitation.
A new study suggests that conserving the precious Atlantic Forest in Brazil could be achieved by investing US$198 million per year, equivalent to 0.01% of the country's annual GDP. This would require setting aside land for reforestation and preserving at least 30% of native habitat to maintain current levels of biodiversity.
Community forests hold 37.7 billion tonnes of carbon, a critical tool to reduce emissions and fight climate change. Strengthening community rights can prevent deforestation and mitigate climate change by up to 12 billion tonnes of avoided carbon dioxide emissions.
The yellow crazy ant's invasion of the Seychelles UNESCO palm forest has led to reduced abundance and species richness of endemic fauna, as well as absent molluscs in infested areas. Research is needed to assess control or exclusion options and promote resistance through habitat management.
A study reviews policy interventions and commodity market effects to slow Amazon deforestation, finding positive incentives as effective as penalties. The review suggests establishing simple incentives for responsible farmers to preserve forests.
Researchers found that blacklegged ticks are almost twice as likely to be infected with two pathogens, Lyme disease and babesiosis. This increases the risk of exposure to multiple diseases, particularly in areas with high incidence of tick-borne illnesses.
A new study by Marine Biological Laboratory scientists has determined that as forests age, their ability to grow decreases due to reduced carbon dioxide uptake and respiration. This finding suggests the future growth of US forests will decline, potentially impacting the country's role as a carbon sink.
Researchers found that conventional oil and gas development in northern Pennsylvania is altering bird communities, with songbird species being pushed out and generalist species taking their place. The study revealed changes in avian guilds resulting from oil and gas development, suggesting a loss of community uniqueness.
Researchers challenge FIFA and Brazilian government to protect the critically endangered Caatinga ecosystem and its iconic species, the three-banded armadillo. The authors suggest promoting eco-friendly stadiums and instituting conservation plans for the armadillo's habitat.
A recent study examines streamwater chemistry along a 32-tributary stream network in New Hampshire, finding that factors like slope and nutrient levels significantly influence water quality. The research provides high-resolution data for monitoring and managing aquatic ecosystems.
A new study by Harvard University scientists shows how severe droughts can trigger cascades of ecosystem change that last for centuries. The research analyzed tree rings spanning over 300,000 square miles and 400 years of history in the eastern US.
Researchers found that exotic plant species increase biomass production in ecosystems, regardless of native species presence or climate. Herbivorous small mammals play a key role in resisting invasive plant species, but their exclusion allows for increased productivity.
Researchers at the University of Missouri found that salamander populations reflect forest habitat quality and can predict ecosystem recovery from logging. This study suggests a balance between timber harvest and conservation biology to maintain biodiversity.
A University of Maryland-led team created the first high-resolution global map of forest extent, loss, and gain. The study documents a global loss of 2.3 million square kilometers and a gain of 800,000 square kilometers between 2000 and 2012.
A new species of Coespeletia has been discovered in the Venezuelan paramos, a high-elevation ecosystem. The species is endemic to the region and is threatened by climate change, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts.
A study by ICRAF and European institutions finds that local communities using simple tools can produce accurate forest carbon data on par with results by professional foresters. Community-gathered data is also found to be more legitimate, cost-effective, and improve trust among local communities.
A study by Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research projects that up to 13% of the world population may face increased water scarcity by 2100, with regions like Asia and North Africa being particularly vulnerable. The researchers also warn of critical impacts on land ecosystems under global warming.
A team of researchers has developed a unique $24 million project to create a 'body on a chip' that can model the human response to harmful agents, accelerating the development of new therapies. The miniaturized system of human organs will predict the effects of chemical and biologic agents and test potential treatments.
Researchers found that woodland salamander populations closely track forest stand growth and development, making them a viable indicator of ecosystem recovery. The study's findings suggest that healthy forests support a wide range of species, including rare and native wildlife, and are crucial carbon sinks.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that more than 80% of tropical forests in Malaysian Borneo have been heavily impacted by logging. Satellite imaging revealed approximately 226,000 miles of roads constructed throughout the forests of this region.
A study by researchers found that forests in the northern hemisphere increase their water use efficiency as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rise, exceeding theoretical expectations. This adaptation helps plants conserve water despite increased photosynthesis, potentially shifting the global water and carbon cycle.
A new study finds that industrial extraction in Wolf Lake Forest Reserve would significantly threaten biodiversity, making it a 'scientifically irreplaceable system'. The reserve's unique characteristics allow for climate change studies and inform future restoration practices.
A diverse landscape of patches, including meadows, young and old forests, and shrub lands, can provide more benefits than a single high-biodiversity patch
A new study reveals that rare species perform unique ecological functions, even in highly diverse ecosystems. These species are irreplaceable and contribute to taxonomic richness, but their functional importance is largely unknown.
Accelerating species loss threatens human well-being and survival, warns IPBES Chair Zakri Abdul Hamid. Genetic diversity among livestock and crops is declining, with 22% of domesticated breeds at risk of extinction.
A new study predicts that large-scale Amazon deforestation will reduce the region's natural carbon sink and inflict climate feedbacks, decreasing pasture and soybean productivity. By 2050, biomass on the ground could decline by up to 65% due to forest removal and resulting climate change.
A new Red List system has been developed to identify ecosystems at high risk of degradation. The framework assesses multiple symptoms of risk produced by different processes of ecosystem degradation, enabling it to handle a range of different sources of information.
New research predicts boreal forests will shift north, releasing more trapped carbon than current climate models predict. The approach considers random events like fire and drought that impact forest health, providing a more accurate forecast.
Sea surface temperatures in the Northeast Shelf reached a record high of 14 degrees Celsius in 2012, with significant impacts on marine life and ecosystems. The warming conditions affected fish and shellfish distributions, plankton blooms, and ocean stratification.
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) has announced its 2013 Class of Fellows, comprising 33 renowned mathematicians. These individuals were recognized for their outstanding research and service to the mathematical community.
Long-term data from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest suggests a trade-off between forest productivity and water flow. A study found that applying calcium silicate to restore soil calcium levels resulted in an increase in forest water use within 5 months.
Researchers have developed a method to measure nanoparticles as small as 1 nm in diameter using the Particle Size Magnifier (PSM) instrument. The study reveals that sulphuric acid, amines, and oxygenated organics are necessary for nanoparticle growth.
This special issue of Evolutionary Applications delves into the evolutionary principles underlying cancer, including natural selection, mutation, and genetic drift. Key findings highlight the diversity of cancer types and how environmental factors, such as tobacco availability, contribute to our vulnerability.