Articles tagged with Avian Influenza
A study has found that H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza spread efficiently among marine mammals, leading to a devastating decline in elephant seal colonies. The virus adapted to marine mammal species, showing the need for increased surveillance and research cooperation in the region.
A 2023 avian flu outbreak in Washington state killed 56% of a large breeding colony of Caspian terns and had significant impacts on the Pacific-coast population. The virus was also transmitted to harbor seals, causing an inflammatory response in their brains.
Researchers found a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain isolated from a dairy worker that killed all infected ferrets, but the worker experienced mild symptoms and recovered. The study suggests that this particular strain may have died out and has not been detected in nature since.
Researchers found a bovine H5N1 virus isolated from an infected worker to be transmissible and lethal in mice and ferrets, with limited efficiency. The virus is susceptible to certain antiviral drugs, including favipiravir and baloxavir marboxil.
A Kansas State University study finds that milking equipment and procedures are likely routes of transmission for the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in dairy cattle. The research, led by Juergen Richt, reveals severe mammary gland infections and drastic increases in virus levels in milk.
Researchers found that seabirds' food-stealing behavior, known as kleptoparasitism, could be a transmission point for the deadly H5N1 avian flu virus. This behavior involves birds forcing others to regurgitate their prey, potentially spreading the disease through contaminated food items.
The study found H5N1 virus detected in 10 out of 10 cities and 22 out of 23 sites, but no correlation with hospitalizations. The team used viral probe capture to detect viruses in wastewater samples, revealing animal origins of the virus load
A new study from the Cusack group sheds light on how avian influenza virus can mutate to replicate in mammalian cells. The key enzyme polymerase must adapt to overcome two main barriers: entering and replicating within host cells, as well as acquiring human transmission capabilities.
Researchers found high expression of OLAH linked to fatal disease outcomes, while low levels were associated with recovery. The enzyme drives severe disease through inflammatory responses and fatty acid production.
A new study reveals that blowflies in southern Japan are carrying the bird flu virus, which could lead to transmission through contaminated surfaces, food sources, and water. This finding highlights the need for effective countermeasures to prevent and control the disease in poultry farms.
Researchers at WashU Medicine developed a nasal COVID-19 vaccine that halted transmission in hamsters, showing promise for controlling respiratory infections. The vaccine targeted the virus's entry points in the nose and mouth, reducing viral replication and preventing spread.
A Cornell University study reveals efficient and sustained mammalian-to-mammalian transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 between cows and from cows to cats and a raccoon. The virus shows high tropism for the mammary gland and infectious viral loads in milk.
Researchers developed a universal influenza vaccine that targets the internal structural proteins of the virus, providing lifetime immunity against evolving viruses. Six out of 11 nonhuman primates inoculated with the vaccine survived exposure to the H5N1 virus, while unvaccinated primates succumbed to the disease.
A recent study by Iowa State University researchers found that dairy cows have rich supplies of sialic acid, a sugar molecule that acts as a receptor for influenza. This discovery sheds light on how the virus attaches to hosts and raises questions about the risks of consuming raw milk from infected cows.
Researchers found that bovine HPAI H5N1 viruses induced severe disease in mice and ferrets after intranasal inoculation, with high virus levels detected in respiratory and non-respiratory organs. However, the virus did not transmit efficiently via respiratory droplets among ferrets.
A new study suggests that exposure to raw milk infected with the currently circulating H5N1 virus poses a significant risk to humans. However, the virus may not spread very far or quickly to others, as experiments on mice and ferrets show limited airborne transmission.
Researchers found that H5N1 virus particles in unpasteurized milk can remain stable on metal and rubber components of commercial milking equipment for over an hour. This increases the potential for bird flu exposure among dairy farm workers and animal-to-animal transmission.
A recent outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in Finnish fur farms resulted in severe disease and widespread inflammation in infected animals. The virus caused significant adaptations to mammalian hosts, increasing the risk of potential human infection.
A recent study by scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases found that the amount of infectious H5N1 influenza viruses in raw milk rapidly declined with heat treatment. However, small amounts of infectious virus remained detectable in some samples even after high-temperature pasteurization.
The NIH has released its plan for advancing H5N1 influenza basic research, focusing on increasing virus understanding and developing prevention and treatment strategies. The research agenda aims to address the current outbreak in US dairy cows and potential human-to-human transmission of H5N1 viruses.
A new review emphasizes the importance of vaccination in preventing avian influenza spread among humans. The study suggests that a diverse range of vaccine platforms, including inactivated and live attenuated vaccines, as well as emerging alternatives like mRNA vaccines, will be crucial for enhancing pandemic preparedness.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found high H5N1 virus levels in mice administered raw milk from infected dairy cows. The results suggest that consuming raw milk may pose a risk for H5N1 infection, highlighting the need for further research into pasteurization and its effectiveness.
The Penn researchers developed an mRNA vaccine targeting a specific subtype of the H5N1 virus, which elicited strong antibody and T cell responses in mice and ferrets. Vaccinated animals also cleared the virus more rapidly and displayed fewer symptoms than unvaccinated controls.
Public health authorities in nearly all US states and territories have the ability to monitor and test persons exposed to H5N1 virus. Despite this, jurisdictions vary in their preparedness plans, antiviral use recommendations, and potential vaccine deployment among first responders.
A recent study found highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 6 city birds in New York City, collected through a community involvement program. The researchers found the virus belonged to two different genotypes and highlighted the critical role urban wildlife rehabilitation centers play in viral surveillance.
Researchers at University of Florida discovered a Florida bottlenose dolphin infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), the first reported case in a mammal in North America. The team analyzed tissue samples and confirmed the presence of HPAI A(H5N1) virus subtype 2.3.4.4b.
A study found that the avian influenza virus H5N1 has adapted to spread between birds and marine mammals, with nearly identical genome sequences detected in four sea lions, one fur seal, and a tern. The virus's ability to infect birds remains unchanged, while its transmission among marine mammals is concerning.
The Mount Sinai Hospital has received a $1.3 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to expand its New York City Virus Hunters program. The program engages high school students in virus surveillance and mapping, tracking circulating avian influenza and paramyxoviruses in wild birds.
Researchers developed a detection method for infectious bird flu virus in wetlands frequented by waterfowl. The method successfully detected HPAI virus strains in four out of four wetland sites in April, but not from a lake, highlighting the need for improved RNA detection techniques.
Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh and NIH Vaccine Research Center developed an animal model that more closely mimics human infection symptoms than any existing model. This model allows for rapid testing and deployment of new vaccine candidates in a crisis scenario, potentially saving lives against bird flu.
Researchers discovered a subtype of avian flu virus is undergoing mutational changes that could increase its risk of being passed on to humans. The study found the virus can cause severe animal infections and be transmitted through airborne droplets.
A UNIGE team has identified how the influenza A virus manages to penetrate cells to infect them by hijacking the iron transport mechanism. By blocking this receptor, researchers were able to significantly reduce its ability to invade cells, highlighting a potential strategy for treating influenza virus infections.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control highlights the rapid spread of avian influenza viruses worldwide, affecting wild bird populations and mammals. The authors warn that human infections with A(H5N1) can be severe and increase the risk of reassortment with mammalian viruses.
A highly pathogenic bird flu, H5N1, is spreading rapidly in the US, decimating wild birds and impacting poultry, with egg prices soaring. The study's findings highlight the need for unprecedented coordination to manage the spread of the disease, which may become endemic, posing risks to food security and the economy.
A new study from Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University found that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) was associated with the deaths of over 330 New England harbor and gray seals. The virus was detected in birds and seals on the same beach, highlighting a potential route of transmission.
A study from the University of Georgia found that less than half of bald eagle nests in coastal Georgia successfully fledged at least one chick in 2022, a 30% decrease below average. The highly infectious H5N1 avian influenza virus is killing off unprecedented numbers of mating pairs of bald eagles, with the number of infected wild bir...
The University of Kansas has established the International Center for Avian Influenza Pandemic Prediction and Prevention (ICAIP3) with $1 million in NSF funding. The center aims to predict and prevent future avian influenza pandemics by monitoring viral strains and identifying potential outbreak areas.
Researchers will investigate how ducks' immune systems act as a reservoir for the highly infectious H5N1 virus and engineer antibodies to prevent transmission to other animals and humans. They aim to develop ways to purify antibody-producing cells from ducks and assemble a pool of antibodies to understand their molecular features.
The Australian black swan's genetic makeup makes it highly susceptible to viral illnesses like avian flu. Without common immune genes found in other waterfowl, the species is at risk of decimation if HPAI enters its native habitat.
A study found that Ezo red foxes and Japanese raccoon dogs infected with HPAI virus had different outcomes due to varying diets. The fox died, while the raccoon dog survived but suffered damage to its eyes. The findings suggest that monitoring programs should be expanded to understand HPAI ecology and identify risk factors.
A new study by American Chemical Society researchers found that cooler temperatures and certain bird species can increase the circulation of H7 and H9 strains of avian flu. The study used air samples collected near a wetland in east Asia to detect airborne avian flu viruses.
Two OU research groups received nearly $2 million in funding to develop new surveillance methods and predict the next avian influenza pandemic. The projects focus on integrating data from multiple sources to detect early signals of disease spread.
A team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh used computational modeling to investigate the immune response to avian flu. They found that the levels of interferon may be responsible for its more severe presentation and could hold the key to treating it.
A new study reveals which bird species are driving the global spread of avian influenza, identifying ducks and geese as super-spreaders. The research also highlights the crucial role of gulls in transmitting the virus over long distances, with their ability to fly over oceans playing a significant role in its rapid spread.
A study reveals that wild duck, gull, goose, and poultry species play a crucial role in the global spread of bird flu. Ecological divergence among these species contributes to spillover events.
A human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) was confirmed in England, with the individual remaining asymptomatic despite close contact with infected ducks. The investigation found that the virus exhibited four nucleotide mutations, but no increased zoonotic risk was detected.
A research team at POSTECH has created a multivalent, adjuvant-free vaccine against various strains of avian influenza. The vaccine uses green vaccine technology to produce bacteria-like particles that elicit strong immune responses in mice and chickens.
Researchers found migratory birds from Europe introduced the HPAIV H5N8 virus to Japan. The team also investigated two human anti-influenza drugs, baloxavir marboxil and peramivir, which improved survival rates in infected chickens and reduced viral amounts.
A 2014 seal flu outbreak revealed how avian flu viruses can adapt to infect mammals. Researchers found that specific mutations in the hemagglutinin protein enabled the virus to become transmissible via air between ferrets and potentially other mammals.
Small-scale poultry farmers in Vietnam quickly sell their birds during viral outbreaks to avoid financial loss, increasing disease transmission. This practice can contaminate other birds and expose consumers to risk.
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a new method to detect anti-avian influenza virus antibody, which could be used to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The technology uses a portable fluorescence polarization analyzer that can examine multiple samples and detect the antibody in just 20 minutes.
In a recent study published in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, researchers isolated two H16N3 subtype influenza viruses that can bind to both human and avian-type cell receptors. The viruses showed evidence of genetic material from other species, suggesting they could infect humans and animals in the future.
Research in China suggests a strong association between avian influenza and the country's live poultry trade network. Movement of virus lineages was often associated with major evolutionary divergences and was much more likely to occur within regional trade communities.
The University of Oklahoma is leading a $2.5 million research project to investigate avian influenza virus diversity and transmission. The project aims to improve surveillance and pandemic preparedness by training researchers and engaging the public in disease ecology and evolution.
The study found that acidic environments make the HA0 molecule flatter and more circular, inducing conformational changes. The researchers used high-speed atomic force microscopy to visualize the structure of HA0 in real-time, paving the way for developing therapeutic approaches against influenza A viruses.
The FDA has cleared InDevR's FluChip-8G Influenza A+B Assay, enabling the detection of non-seasonal and seasonal influenza viruses in a single multiplexed assay. This technology can identify emerging strains like H7N9 and H5N1 with high accuracy.
Researchers sequenced avian influenza viruses from wild birds in Mongolia and found that they replicate in horse respiratory tracts without causing tissue damage. The study suggests that equine infections by avian viruses are more common than thought, with the failure to acquire key genetic changes being the main barrier to disease eme...
Researchers at Griffith University have discovered specific sugar molecules that bind to the respiratory tract, allowing influenza viruses like H5N1 to infect humans. This knowledge could lead to the development of novel anti-influenza drugs to prevent human infection.
A study found that at least 17 white-tailed sea eagles died from avian influenza virus H5N8 in Northern Germany during the winter of 2016/2017. The analysis revealed that the virus was highly aggressive and caused a lethal inflammation of the brain, with no evidence of lead poisoning as a cause.
A novel reassortant AIV, influenza A(H7N4), has been identified in a backyard poultry setting, leading to severe human infection. The virus originated from wild bird AIVs and was low pathogenic to avian species, susceptible to antivirals and binding to avian-like α2,3-linked sialic acid receptors.