Possible 'superbug' status for STI
The emergence of multidrug-resistant gonococcal bacteria threatens to make gonorrhoea extremely difficult to treat. Current treatment antibiotics may soon lose effectiveness due to rapid resistance development.
Bacterial Infections
Research on infections caused by bacteria and how to fight them. Covers antibiotic resistance, biofilms, congenital syphilis, Lyme disease, and precise treatments.
How immune cells 'sniff out' bacteria
Scientists use micro-particles to mimic bacterial scents, tracking immune cell responses. Neutrophils migrate towards single chemical-releasing particles within minutes.
Fat clue to TB awakening
Researchers have discovered that Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulates macrophages to accumulate fat droplets, turning them into 'foamy' cells that can reawaken the latent TB infection. This cellular transformation allows the bacteria to leak out into the airways and progressively destroy lung tissue.
Community-acquired MRSA becoming more common in pediatric ICU patients
A Johns Hopkins study found that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) colonization rates increased among pediatric ICU patients, with younger children and African-American children more affected. Universal screening upon hospital admission and weekly screenings can help curb the spread of MRSA.
Community acquired MRSA infection rates are 6 times greater in HIV patients
Researchers at Rush University Medical Center found a significant association between HIV infection and community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) rates. CA-MRSA cases were nearly six-fold higher in HIV-infected patients compared to those without HIV, highlighting the need for education and research into preventive strategies.
New guidelines for diagnosing, managing and treating Clostridium difficile
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America have released new clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults. The guidelines update recommendations on diagnosis, treatment, and infection control measures to address changes in epidemiology and disease severity.
SourceSociety for Healthcare Epidemiology of America·JournalInfection Control and Hospital Epidemiology·DateMar 22, 2010
New superbug surpasses MRSA infection rates in community hospitals
A new study reveals that Clostridium difficile infections are now surpassing MRSA infections in community hospitals, increasing the risk of life-threatening diarrhea and colon inflammation.
Mayo research: Intervention drops hospital infection rate by 1/3
The study found that daily cleaning of high-touch surfaces with a spore-killing bleach disinfectant wipe significantly reduced C. difficile infections in two high-incidence units. The team aimed to reduce hospital-acquired cases to over 20 days between infections but achieved an impressive 137-day streak without a single infection.
Fungi can change quickly, pass along infectious ability
A new study reveals that fungi have the capacity to quickly change their genomes and become infectious to plants and animals, including humans. This discovery raises concerns for crop agriculture and human health, as fungal diseases are more difficult to treat than bacterial diseases.
Study says therapeutics for trauma patients may not be effective due to an infection
A Kansas State University study found that Helicobacter infections dramatically change the immune system's response to intestinal damage in trauma patients. This means that therapeutics aimed at stopping complement activation may not be effective for infected individuals, requiring different treatment approaches.
Antiseptic cloths associated with reduced rate of treatment-resistant bacteria in the trauma center
A study found that daily chlorhexidine bathing in a trauma center reduced the rate of MRSA colonization and treatment-resistant bacteria infections. Patients who received chlorhexidine baths were less likely to acquire catheter-related bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by MRSA.
Molecular basis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa persistent infections in CF patients
Researchers identified YfiBNR signaling system in P. aeruginosa responsible for SCV formation and persistence in CF patients. c-di-GMP triggers massive exopolysaccharide production and reduced growth rates, conferring resistance to macrophage phagocytosis.
Pneumococcal vaccine offers protection to HIV-infected African adults in clinical trial
A pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been shown to prevent 74% of recurrent cases of pneumonia and meningitis in HIV-infected adults in Africa. The vaccine was particularly effective in patients with low CD4 counts, a group previously considered ineligible for vaccination.
Researchers examine plant's ability to identify, block invading bacteria
Scientists have identified a specific N-glycan that enables arabidopsis plants to recognize and resist bacterial infections. This discovery could lead to the development of new plant varieties with built-in immunity against diseases.
New University of Colorado paper shows novel way to study human inflammatory disease
Researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have discovered a novel approach to studying Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare and deadly inflammatory disease. Mice infected with Salmonella bacteria developed symptoms consistent with human secondary HLH, including fever, anemia, and neurological signs.
MSU researcher links potentially deadly infection, frequent cow exposure
A Michigan State University study found a significant association between frequent cow exposure and human Group B streptococcus infection. The research suggests that zoonotic transmission may be occurring, with increased frequency of cattle exposure linked to human colonization.
Flu-induced stress response is critical for resistance to secondary infection
Research reveals that flu-induced stress response is critical for resistance to secondary infection, involving increased production of glucocorticoids to control inflammation. The study found that mice without GCs were better able to suppress secondary bacterial infections, but lacking GCs led to a lethal excessive inflammatory response.
Protein found to be key in protecting the gut from infection
A signaling protein, GM-CSF, plays a vital role in fighting bacterial infections and inflammation in the intestinal tract. Its deficiency is linked to increased susceptibility to persistent gut infection, severe inflammation, and disease duration.
Hopkins scientists discover how protein trips up germs
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a key protein, TRPV2, that plays a crucial role in helping macrophages capture and destroy germs. The protein helps macrophages bind to bacteria more effectively, which enables the immune system to clear infections more efficiently.
IU research team discovers TB disease mechanism and molecule to block it
Indiana University researchers have identified a mechanism used by the tuberculosis bacterium to evade the body's immune system and discovered a compound that can block its survival. The IU team synthesized the compound I-A09, which successfully blocked the TB bacterium's activity in laboratory tests.
SourceIndiana University School of Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 15, 2010
Bacteria toxic to wound-treating maggots
Researchers found that maggot 'biosurgeons' used to treat chronic wounds are vulnerable to deadly bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can kill the maggots within 20 hours. This discovery could lead to more effective treatment of wounds and development of novel antibiotics.
National Jewish Health researchers discover how virulent bacteria
Researchers at National Jewish Health have discovered how Listeria monocytogenes triggers an endogenous pathway that dampens the host's own immune response. The bacteria makes infected immune cells release interferon-αβ, which reduces immune resistance to infection and causes food poisoning. This finding highlights the crosstalk betwee...
'Good' bacteria keep immune system primed to fight future infections
Researchers discover that beneficial gut bacteria play a crucial role in priming the immune system to combat future infections. The study found that these 'good' bacteria influence neutrophils, white blood cells that help fight infection, and suggest that prolonged antibiotic use may compromise immune function.
Rejuvenating the old immune system
Aged mice treated with a macrophage-specific growth factor exhibit enhanced resistance to bacterial infection, indicating potential therapeutic strategies for healthy aging. The study's findings provide insight into the underlying immune dysfunction contributing to age-related increased susceptibility to infections.
2-pronged immune response offers hope for effective Salmonella vaccine
Research from Malawi and the UK reveals a two-pronged immune response that could combat even the most resilient strains of nontyphoidal Salmonella. Protective antibodies have been identified that recognize bacteria in the blood and kill them without immune cell help, offering hope for an effective vaccine.
New research shows it is possible to reduce antibiotic use in intensive care without compromising safety (PRORATA trial)
A new study found that using procalcitonin levels to prescribe antibiotics in intensive care units can reduce antibiotic exposure while maintaining patient safety. The study showed a significant reduction in antibiotic-free days among patients treated with procalcitonin.
Double trouble: Bacterial super-infection after the flu
A new study suggests that flu can increase susceptibility to secondary bacterial super-infections, which can lead to high mortality rates. The research found a lethal synergy between the influenza virus and Haemophilus influenzae, mediated by innate immunity, and highlights the need for early antiviral and antibiotic treatment.
Retail meat linked to urinary tract infections: Strong new evidence
McGill researcher discovers a link between contaminated chicken and E. coli bacteria causing urinary tract infections in young women. The study highlights the need for better food safety measures and antibiotic use regulations in agriculture.
Researchers find that common stomach pathogen may protect against tuberculosis
Researchers found that Helicobacter pylori infection may enhance immunity against tuberculosis by inducing expression of interferon gamma and other cytokines. This protection may help determine whether someone infected with TB gets a latent or active disease, offering potential new insights into managing the disease.
New use for statins in children with sickle cell disease?
Researchers identified statins as a potential new use for treating sickle cell disease in children, finding they reduced bacterial invasion and prevented cell death. The study suggests that prophylactic treatment with statins may reduce the risk of invasive pneumococcal infections in these patients.
How clean is your knife?
Researchers developed a rapid-acting disinfectant that kills bacteria, viruses and fungi on surgical instruments, including those resistant to conventional disinfectants. The new formula is safer, cheaper and more effective than existing treatments against prions, which cause deadly illnesses.
Sequencing wasp genome sheds new light on sexual parasite
The study reveals how Wolbachia manipulates the sex lives of its hosts, favoring female offspring to spread the infection. This knowledge could lead to more effective ways to fight human diseases spread by insects like malaria and dengue fever.
Clustering MRSA in Europe indicates diffusion through regional health-care networks
A new study reveals that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurs in distinct geographical clusters across Europe, indicating diffusion through patients moving between hospitals. This suggests that MRSA is mainly spread by patients who are repeatedly admitted to different hospitals.
A single atom controls motility required for bacterial infection
Researchers at UNC have discovered a single calcium atom controls bacterial motility required for infection. By blocking this site, the bacteria can't move, stopping its ability to establish infections like meningitis. The finding identifies a key step in bacterial infection and could lead to new drug targets.
SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJan 4, 2010
A trip to the candy store might help ward off rare, but deadly infections
Researchers found that glycyrrhizin improves the ability of damaged skin to produce antimicrobial peptides, which help prevent bacterial growth and infections. The study suggests that this compound could lead to lower death rates associated with burn-related infections.
SourceFederation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·JournalJournal of Leukocyte Biology·DateJan 4, 2010
Drug-resistant urinary tract infections spreading worldwide
A sudden increase in antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains is spreading globally, posing a significant threat to public health. Researchers warn that the misuse of powerful antibiotics may lead to the development of even more resistant strains, rendering current treatments ineffective.
Disinfectants may promote growth of superbugs
Using disinfectants can promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This adaptation enables the bacteria to survive and infect patients even without exposure to antibiotics.
New study shows rise in drug resistance of dangerous infection in US hospitals
A new study reports a significant surge in drug-resistant Acinetobacter infections among US hospitals, with over 300% increase in cases resistant to imipenem. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive solutions to address this growing public health threat.
Researchers discover new ways to treat chronic infections
Researchers at Binghamton University identified three key regulators required for biofilm formation, which could lead to new treatments for chronic infections. Biofilms are implicated in over 80% of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases, and conventional antimicrobial treatments are often ineffective.
Invasion without a stir
Scientists discovered that membrane ruffles are not essential for Salmonella to penetrate host cell membranes. A new factor called WASH promotes bacterial invasion by contributing to cytoskeletal filament formation.
Mechanism discovered by which body's cells encourage tuberculosis infection
Researchers found that tubercle formation is a critical step in TB infection, and that epithelial cells produce MMP9 enzyme to recruit macrophages. Blocking this pathway may lead to new therapies for TB and other inflammatory conditions.
Self-destructing bacteria improve renewable biofuel production
A team of researchers from Arizona State University has developed a process that removes a key obstacle to producing lower-cost, renewable biofuels. The team has programmed a photosynthetic microbe to self-destruct, making the recovery of high-energy fats and their biofuel byproducts easier and potentially less costly.
SourceArizona State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateDec 7, 2009
Will copper keep us safe from the superbugs?
Researchers found that copper surfaces had significantly fewer live bacteria than conventional surfaces, with one study showing a 71% reduction. Copper-based disinfectants also showed effective antimicrobial properties, continuing to kill germs for the rest of the day.
Alzheimer's research sheds light on potential treatments for urinary tract infections
Scientists discovered a single compound that impairs both bacterial infection and biofilm formation, offering new hope for treating UTIs. The compound targets amyloids, which also contribute to Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
New study finds MRSA on the rise in hospital outpatients
A new study reveals a seven-fold increase in community-associated MRSA strains in hospital outpatients between 1999 and 2006. This poses a significant threat to patient safety as these strains can spread rapidly into hospitals.
Texas A&M researchers examine how viruses destroy bacteria
Researchers at Texas A&M University discovered that phages, a type of virus, can destroy bacterial cell walls by producing an enzyme called endolysin. This finding may aid in the development of phage therapy to treat bacterial infections.
A second skin
A Tel Aviv University-developed dressing can eradicate infection-causing bacteria after just two days, protecting wounds until they heal. The biodegradable, antibiotic-infused material mimics skin's protective properties and helps doctors administer high doses of antibiotics locally, reducing toxicity issues.
SourceAmerican Friends of Tel Aviv University·JournalJournal of Biomedical Materials Research·DateNov 17, 2009
Study reveals how plants and bacteria 'talk' to thwart disease
Researchers at UC Davis identified a bacterial signaling molecule that matches up with a specific receptor in rice plants to ward off bacterial blight disease. The study's findings have implications for controlling diseases in plants and people, potentially leading to new treatments.
UIC researchers have immune cells running in circles
Researchers discovered that neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, lose their direction when the protein p55 is absent. This leads to impaired healing and slower response times to infections.
SourceUniversity of Illinois Chicago·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 2, 2009
Bacteria 'launch a shield' to resist attack
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces rhamnolipids to form a biofilm shield that kills white blood cells, evading the immune system and antibiotic treatment. This 'launch a shield' response could lead to novel antimicrobials for treating antibiotic-resistant infections.
Deadly stomach infection rising in community settings, Mayo Clinic study finds
A Mayo Clinic study found that Clostridium difficile infections are rising in outpatient settings, with a higher proportion of cases in younger populations. The study suggests that antibiotic use may be contributing to the increased incidence and severity of C. difficile infections.
Immune system quirk could lead to effective tularemia vaccine
Researchers discovered a crucial immune system quirk that can lead to effective vaccines against tularemia infection of the lungs. By targeting IL-17 cytokine responses, scientists hope to develop better vaccines that can prevent lung infections.
The bowels of infection
Researchers found that latent CMV infection exacerbated intestinal inflammation and increased immune responses to normally harmless bacteria, contributing to IBD severity. Latent CMV infection may modulate mucosal immunity and predispose individuals to developing severe acute colitis and subsequently IBD.
Is the person next to you washing their hands with soap?
A study found that men tend to react better to messages invoking disgust, while women respond to reminders. Handwashing rates were higher among women, with 64% washing their hands compared to 32% of men.
SourceLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine·JournalAmerican Journal of Public Health·DateOct 14, 2009
Researchers identify workings of L-form bacteria
A study published in PLoS ONE identifies the genetic mechanisms behind L-form bacteria formation and survival. Researchers found that three groups of mutants with varying degrees of defect in L-form growth were linked to pathways related to cell envelope stress, DNA repair, iron regulation, and outer membrane biogenesis.
Scientists take step toward simple and portable tuberculosis tests for developing world
Scientists have developed a simple and portable method to detect tuberculosis (TB) bacteria using light, which may help identify people with latent infections. The technology, if refined, could be used in the developing world where most TB cases occur.
Russia must not let its harm reduction programs for injecting drug users end
The Russian government should continue funding harm reduction programs for injecting drug users, as they are crucial for tackling the HIV epidemic. These programs have been instrumental in reducing deaths and improving health outcomes among this vulnerable population.
Case Western Reserve awarded $1.57M for corneal infection research
Researchers will investigate the activation of TLR4 and responses inside human cornea cells, with a goal to identify potential targets for anti-inflammatory intervention. The study aims to discover specific toll-like receptor antagonists to regulate corneal inflammation, potentially leading to novel medication alternatives.
JCI online early table of contents: Oct. 5, 2009
Researchers have identified a link between the mutated FGFR4 protein and the spread of childhood cancer. Additionally, changes in iron levels are found to affect inflammation via the TLR4 pathway, while glial cells play a crucial role in stimulating red blood cell production.
UBC researchers identify key behavior of immune response to Listeria
A UBC research team has identified dendritic cells as a crucial part of the immune system's defense against bacterial infections. The study reveals that dendritic cells use cross-presentation to activate the immune system, and deactivating this process can lead to severe compromise in fighting Listeria infections.