Articles tagged with Cholera
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A study mapping 2016-2018 cholera epidemics in Yemen suggests a causal link between rainfall and cholera incidence, with over 13.8 million people at risk of infection. The study's findings have been used to inform mitigation efforts and prioritize vaccination campaigns and WASH interventions during the rainy season.
Researchers have made groundbreaking discoveries regarding the onset of cholera, paving the way for a fast-acting antidote. The study shows that mice without a specific receptor can still get diarrhea after consuming cholera toxin, offering new possibilities for producing a drinkable antidote.
New studies suggest that concentrating control measures in high-incidence districts and areas surrounding cholera victims' homes can significantly reduce the disease's impact. By targeting these hotspots, Africa could cut its cholera burden by 50 percent.
A study modeling cholera epidemics suggests that targeting vaccine and other interventions to areas around existing cholera cases is an effective way to control outbreaks. The results indicate that oral cholera vaccine is the most effective intervention, with a radius of 70-100 meters being optimal for administration.
Researchers have identified 22 high-risk districts in Uganda where cholera outbreaks are more likely due to proximity to international borders and bodies of water. These districts are recommended for strengthened collaboration with neighboring countries to control the spread of cholera.
A high-dose live oral vaccine has been found to be more effective in rapidly protecting individuals from cholera than the standard two-dose killed vaccine approach. This breakthrough could lead to improved control of outbreaks and lower mortality rates, particularly in low-income countries.
Researchers linked major cholera outbreaks to Asian origin, highlighting need for targeted control strategies. Genomic analysis identified antibiotic-resistant strains originating from South Asia.
Researchers developed a new 'rule-book' to estimate the risk of different cholera strains causing epidemics. The study found that 7PET strains from Asia repeatedly introduced into two main regions of Africa: West Africa and East/Southern Africa, leading to massive epidemics in some cases.
Researchers analyzed genomic data to identify the source of the seventh cholera pandemic, linking it to human-related transmission factors. The study found that the pandemic strain was introduced into Africa at least 11 times since 1970, replacing drug-susceptible populations with multidrug-resistant bacterial sublineages.
A new analysis by Queen Mary University of London researchers found that 77.7% of cholera cases and 80.7% of deaths occurred in rebel-controlled areas. The Saudi-led coalition's airstrikes and blockade have destroyed vital infrastructure, including hospitals and public water systems.
A review of clinical trials and observational studies found that cholera vaccines reduce the risk of getting cholera by 58% in adults but only 30% in children under 5. The findings could inform policymakers on how to use the vaccine, particularly in outbreak settings like Yemen.
Research finds that soft shelled turtles in China are spreading cholera due to the presence of Vibrio cholerae pathogens. The study used bioluminescent proteins to observe the bacteria's colonization on the turtles' surfaces and intestines.
Researchers found a link between drinking iced tea and increased risk of cholera in Ben Tre province, Vietnam. Drinking iced tea was associated with an increased risk of contracting the disease, possibly due to Vibrio cholerae bacteria found in ice.
Cholera cases in East Africa increase by roughly 50,000 during El Niño years due to increased rainfall and vulnerable water systems. This research can help health ministries anticipate future cholera surges and save lives.
A team of scientists from Tufts University has developed a virus cocktail that prevents cholera infection in animal models. The treatment, which uses bacteriophages to target the cholera bacteria, was found to be effective in eliminating the bacteria and reducing symptoms in over half of treated animals.
Researchers developed a standardized approach to analyze full costs of cholera vaccines in developing countries, revealing significant variability in costs. The analysis showed vaccine delivery costs ranging from $0.36 to $6.32 per person vaccinated, with procurement costs varying between $0.29 and $29.70.
Researchers discovered that cholera follows distinct outbreak patterns in different climate subzones of Cameroon, with varying relationships between rainfall, temperature, and disease transmission. Locally targeted interventions are necessary to control the spread of the disease, according to the study's findings.
Researchers discovered a non-virulent variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 strain in Haitian aquatic environments dating back to the 1500s, sparking concerns about its potential virulence through gene transfer with toxigenic strains. The study sheds light on the history of the pathogen and highlights the need for increased surveillance.
Research from WashU Medicine found that cholera toxin hyperactivates a key signaling molecule in intestinal cells, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration. People with type O blood are more susceptible to this effect, making them more likely to die from cholera.
A study published in PLOS NTDs examined the immune response to a bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine in Haitian adults. The researchers found that the booster dose after 2 weeks did not stimulate the immune system further, suggesting an optimal dosing schedule may be needed.
Silva-Valenzuela will work in the laboratory of Andrew Camilli to determine which types of bacteriophages can effectively eliminate the cholera bacteria in water. The team aims to develop a novel approach to prevent cholera outbreaks.
Researchers at EPFL used mobile phone records to reconstruct the spread of a cholera epidemic in Senegal in 2005, revealing critical roles of human mobility patterns and sanitation infrastructure. The study's findings highlight measures to improve sanitation at transmission hotspots as key to reducing future outbreak progression.
A new study reveals how Vibrio cholerae bacteria regulate their adaptations in different environments, including a key role for crab shells in signaling behavior. The research provides information that could lead to the development of better therapeutic agents against cholera.
A historian examines how Saudi Arabia's quest for fresh drinking water led to the discovery of oil and highlights the country's precarious relationship between oil and water. The expert argues that the U.S. must consider the environmental impact of desalination, a technology used to produce drinking water.
Research in India and Democratic Republic of the Congo found that households with continuous piped water supplies had lower rates of dysentery and typhoid fever, but no association with overall diarrheal illness or child growth. Interrupting water supply can negate health benefits.
A new modeling study suggests that a single dose of cholera vaccine could be as effective as the traditional two-dose regimen in preventing deaths. The researchers estimate that a one-dose campaign reaching half the population would have averted over 78,000 cases and prevented 738 deaths.
A mathematical model shows that using one dose of the oral cholera vaccine can prevent more cases and save more lives than the recommended two doses, especially in crisis situations. The study found that a single dose could protect more people in the long run and improve herd immunity.
Researchers have created two simple diagnostic tools to assess dehydration severity in children, using symptoms such as general appearance and tear presence. The tools showed high accuracy rates of 83% and 81% for severe dehydration, and could potentially replace existing systems in resource-constrained clinics.
A model investigates optimal vaccination strategies to minimize cholera-related mortality and costs, considering seasonality in pathogen transmission. The study finds that effective vaccination can significantly reduce disease spread and associated expenses.
A real-life trial in urban Bangladesh shows that oral cholera vaccine is safe and effective in reducing severe cholera cases by nearly 40% among vaccinated individuals. The vaccine's success lends support to its use in routine mass vaccination programs, particularly in endemic countries where clean water and sanitation are scarce.
A new study found a sequential pattern of changes in the intestinal microbial population of patients recovering from cholera, suggesting potential strategies to support recovery. The gut microbiota usually returns to normal after cholera infection.
Researchers are excavating an ancient graveyard in Italy to uncover the history of cholera, hoping to find DNA clues about its evolution. The site contains victims from the 1850s epidemic and provides a thousand-year window into the health of a village.
EPFL scientists have found that replacing glucose with starch from rice can reduce the toxicity of the cholera bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, and may lead to a 30% reduction in cholera cases. Oral rehydration therapy using rice starch could significantly improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers at UTSA's South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases have discovered a regulatory thermometer in Vibrio cholerae bacteria that controls the expression of virulence factors leading to cholera. The discovery could lead to new therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease.
Researchers found that phages can force cholera bacteria to give up their virulence in order to survive, making them less fit to cause infection. This discovery suggests a new strategy for treating or preventing cholera using phage therapy.
Researchers used a modeling study to identify environmental conditions that trigger cholera epidemics near Lake Kivu, predicting potential warning time for health managers. By analyzing satellite data and precipitation patterns, they found the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and human mobility are key factors.
A new software architecture developed by Fraunhofer IOSB enables the visualization of complex relationships between environmental factors and health data on risk maps, leading to a better understanding of cholera epidemic processes. This allows for faster and more effective response measures.
Researchers at McMaster University have mapped the entire genome of a nearly 200-year-old sample of preserved intestine, tracing the bacterium behind a global cholera pandemic. The findings reveal that the classical strain was likely responsible for five devastating outbreaks in the 1800s and may have been more virulent.
A mass vaccination campaign of over 300,000 people in Guinea demonstrated the feasibility of using an oral cholera vaccine during a cholera outbreak. The campaign achieved high coverage rates and was well accepted by the local community.
A clinical study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases shows that an oral cholera vaccine (ShancholTM) provides sustained protection against cholera in humans for up to five years. This breakthrough finding has significant implications for vaccination strategies and cost-effectiveness in developing countries.
Pursuing clean water projects and vaccination campaigns could avert up to 89,000 future cholera infections and protect against other water-borne diarrheal diseases. Improved WASH services have long-term benefits for Haiti's public health beyond ending cholera transmission.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have identified a biochemical mechanism that makes cholera toxin so deadly. By weakening cell junctions and increasing sodium ion flow, the toxin causes severe diarrhea. The study's findings could guide the development of new therapies against cholera and other intestinal disorders.
Researchers have established a new technique to predict seasonal cholera epidemics months in advance with greater accuracy, utilizing remote satellite imaging and measuring organic matter. The 'satellite water marker' index was found to be more accurate than previous methods, reducing error rates by up to 30%.
A team of Harvard scientists has identified genetic areas in the genome that may help protect against cholera by regulating immune system functions and fluid loss. The study's findings suggest a new approach to understanding host immunity and developing vaccines and therapies for this deadly disease.
Researchers found regions of genome associated with cholera susceptibility, including pathways regulating water loss and innate immune system responses. The findings suggest a potential fingerprint for cholera's genetic impact, such as the relative rarity of blood type O, which may confer increased risk of severe symptoms.
A new study published in mBio confirms that the cholera epidemic in Haiti was caused by a single introduction of Vibrio cholerae bacteria from Nepal, rather than repeated introductions. The strains have not acquired new genetic material since their introduction and have limited ability to acquire genes through transformation.
Researchers analyzed the membrane components of V. cholera that enable it to withstand increases in osmotic pressure, revealing comparable gating and conductive properties with E. coli channels. The study found that V. cholerae was more sensitive to abrupt decreases in osmolarity than E. coli.
The altered El Tor strain has acquired two additional signature mutations that may further increase virulence and is evolving to be more like an 1800s version of cholera. This unique pattern of infection accounting for the severity of disease noted during the Haiti cholera outbreak may be triggered by these genetic changes.
Researchers suggest that vaccinating around 46% of Haitians could arrest the spread of cholera. Using mathematical models to target immunization campaigns can help control recurrent outbreaks and slow transmission rates.
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School will provide relief agencies and governments with technical assistance on using oral cholera vaccine. The DOVE program aims to detect outbreaks in remote areas and contain the disease, improving global efforts to combat cholera.
A study published in PNAS found two distinct strains of Vibrio cholerae bacteria that may have contributed to the 2010 Haitian cholera outbreak. The genomic diversity of Haitian isolates revealed significant complexity and relationship to past epidemics.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin have uncovered the mechanism behind V. cholerae's resistance to human immune responses. The discovery could lead to the development of a new class of antibiotics that target the bacteria's defenses, rather than directly killing them.
Researchers at University of York uncover key mechanism by which Vibrio cholerae gains foothold in the intestine, exploiting sialic acid for survival. The discovery could pave way for targeted treatments for the deadly intestinal disease that kills over 100,000 people annually.
A new study published in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene found that internet-based news and Twitter feeds were faster at detecting the onset and progression of the cholera epidemic in post-earthquake Haiti. Researchers used HealthMap, an internet tool, to capture coverage and mentions of cholera from various sources.
Shanchol, a new oral cholera vaccine developed by IVI, has been prequalified by the World Health Organization for use in developing countries. The vaccine is ready to be used in large-scale immunization programs and has been shown to be safe and protective against cholera for three years.
Researchers monitored two million anonymous mobile phones after Haiti's earthquake and cholera outbreak, providing real-time data on population movements. The method improved humanitarian aid delivery by tracking the migration patterns of people in need of help.
A recent study has traced the source of the current cholera pandemic to an ancestor that first appeared in the Bay of Bengal 40 years ago. The analysis reveals that the bacterium's genetic region SXT acquired around 1982, triggering global transmission from this original source.
A team of researchers from Northern Arizona University and the Translational Genomics Research Institute has pinpointed the source of a devastating cholera outbreak in Haiti that killed over 6,000 people. The study used whole genome sequencing to confirm that Nepalese peacekeepers brought the disease to Haiti.
A new computational model developed by researchers at Ohio State University can forecast where cholera outbreaks are likely to occur in Haiti. The model takes into account various factors, including environmental conditions and human contact, to identify typical patterns of cholera outbreaks and hotspots where control efforts are needed.
A new study finds that large river discharges carrying nutrients contribute to increased phytoplankton blooms, which in turn lead to cholera outbreaks. The research analyzed data from four major river basins and suggests that predicting global warming's impact on cholera will be more complicated than initially thought.