Articles tagged with Tuberculosis
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A new international collaborative study led by Dr. Dick Menzies found that new TB drugs achieve excellent results in treating MDR-TB, demonstrating consistently better cure rates and reduced mortality compared to currently used treatments. The study prompted a complete overhaul of worldwide guidelines for MDR-TB treatment.
A new analysis reveals that poor-quality care is responsible for an estimated 5 million deaths per year, surpassing deaths due to insufficient access to care. Global efforts to improve health systems will be futile if quality does not improve.
Researchers found that immune cells in lung tissue accumulate triglycerides, a type of fat, rather than cholesterol, and form through distinct mechanisms depending on the disease. This discovery may lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.
The Lancet study estimates that one in three people drink alcohol, with 2.2% of women and 6.8% of men dying from alcohol-related health problems each year. The risk of death increases rapidly with higher levels of consumption, offsetting any potential protective effects against cancer, injuries, and infectious diseases.
Researchers at Boston Medical Center have developed a method to identify high-burden communities for drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa, tracking changes over five years. The study found that Cape Town townships and informal settlements saw the highest rates of drug-resistant TB.
A new technique links samples to individuals and locations, providing continuous national surveillance for eradicating tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis. The Western Cape Province in South Africa was used as a testing ground for this method, revealing spatially heterogeneous rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis rates.
A large international systematic review found that 78% of children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis had successful treatment outcomes when treated with second-line MDR-TB drugs. The study highlights the need for HIV treatment in these children and the importance of aggressive solutions to address malnutrition.
Scientists have identified nearly 200 potential drug targets for tuberculosis, a complex disease caused by bacteria made up of 4,000 genes. The research found that specific human proteins, such as CBL, can limit bacterial infections and potentially provide a new approach to combat the disease.
Scientists have created a fluorescent probe that can tag single specimens of tuberculosis bacteria, which could lead to faster diagnosis and more effective treatments. The probe works by detecting the presence of an enzyme called BlaC, allowing for the identification of live versus dead bacteria.
A recent study published in Molecular & Cellular Proteomics has uncovered changes in TB strains that make them vulnerable to other antibiotics. The research also reveals a potential target for developing new drugs against isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.
Chronic alcohol consumption modulates host immune defense mechanisms, increasing susceptibility to Mtb and other infections. Young alcoholic individuals with latent TB infection are at a higher risk of developing active TB, according to the study published in PLOS Pathogens.
A new international collaborative research study has found that a four-month daily regimen of antibiotic rifampicin is as effective as a nine-month daily regimen of another antibiotic, isoniazid, in preventing people with latent tuberculosis infection from developing the full-blown disease. The study, published in the New England Journ...
A new study from McGill University Health Centre reveals that a four-month rifampin treatment is as effective as nine months of isoniazid in preventing tuberculosis, with significantly fewer side effects. The treatment was also more acceptable to patients, particularly those with liver toxicity.
A study by ISGlobal reveals significant discrepancies in global tuberculosis death estimates between the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), primarily due to differences in methodology and data sources. The researchers identify a dozen countries with notable variations, emphasizin...
Scientists have discovered a key structural motif in the tuberculosis NagA enzyme, providing a promising drug target. The research aims to design specific molecules to block its function and inhibit the critical pathway, potentially leading to new TB therapeutics.
A Phase 2 study published in the NEJM found that vaccination can reduce the rate of sustained TB infections, with a 45.4% vaccine efficacy against BCG revaccination. The trial also showed promise for an investigational subunit vaccine candidate, H4:IC31, which reduced sustained infections by 30.5%.
Researchers discovered that Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses a toxin to deplete NAD+ in macrophages, leading to necrotic cell death. Adding NAD+ replenishment or mitochondrial function protectants restricted bacterial growth and increased macrophage viability. These findings suggest patient-targeted therapies to treat tuberculosis.
A randomized controlled trial found that higher daily doses of rifampin killed more TB bacteria in sputum cultures without increasing adverse effects. The study also showed that higher doses resulted in increased elimination rates of TB bacteria from sputum.
Researchers at Texas Biomedical Research Institute have repurposed promising cancer chemotherapy drugs to target tuberculosis (TB), a deadly disease that kills four people every minute. The study found that these experimental drugs can reduce TB growth by 80% and also decrease inflammation and damage to the lungs.
A gene signature in the bloodstream could reveal whether someone is going to develop active tuberculosis disease months before symptoms begin. Researchers developed a new 20-gene signature that distinguishes between TB and viral infections, showing promise for early detection and treatment.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin have discovered how vitamin A supports the lung immune system in controlling tuberculosis (TB) by promoting autophagy and waste disposal. This finding has potential for developing more effective lung-targeted treatments using vitamin A to boost patient immunity.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found a way to increase the effectiveness of common TB antibiotics while reducing resistance. The new compound blocks the bacteria's pumping mechanism, improving drug efficacy. Tuberculosis is a major global health threat, with 490,000 cases of multi-resistant TB reported in 2016.
Active case finding is recommended for hepatitis B and C, HIV, and tuberculosis in prison settings. The approach aims to diagnose infectious diseases early and interrupt transmission. Key findings include a high burden of communicable diseases among prisoners, leading to increased risk of transmission upon release.
A virulent strain of TB has been linked to 60% of cases in younger people in Ho Chi Minh City. The Beijing lineage bacteria shows positive selection for a gene that enhances its survival and may be responsible for increased virulence.
Researchers have discovered a potential link between tuberculosis and Parkinson's disease, suggesting that drugs designed to treat Parkinson's may also work for TB. The study found that LRRK2 protein prevents immune cells from clearing bacteria, leading to build-up of protein in neurons that disrupts their function.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre discovered that having excessive T cells can cause harm and imbalance disease tolerance, leading to tissue damage. The study found that a protein called cyclophilin D acts as a key checkpoint for T cell activation, controlling the body's ability to tolerate Mtb infection.
Researchers found that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors improve blood vessel health at the sites of tuberculosis infection, enhancing delivery and retention of standard drugs. This synergy revitalize current TB treatment and reduce the risk of multi-drug resistant strains.
A smartphone video-based app substitutes for in-person daily visits required for tuberculosis treatment, with patients showing similar adherence rates as traditional DOT. The app offers a more private and cost-effective option for monitoring medication intake, but further research is needed to assess its full impact.
Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a cancer drug, Marimastat, can help treat tuberculosis by improving the structural integrity of leaky blood vessels in granulomas. This allows antibiotics to penetrate and attack the disease-causing bacteria more effectively, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers have trained rats to sniff out tuberculosis in children, detecting cases 68% more accurately than traditional smear tests. The new method has the potential to save up to 70% of untreated patients in low-income countries.
A new blood test has been developed to predict tuberculosis (TB) development in high-risk individuals, such as those living with active TB, up to two years before its onset. The 'RISK4' signature measures the expression levels of four genes associated with inflammatory responses and shows improved accuracy compared to existing tests.
A new study reveals that diarrheal diseases are becoming a major public health concern in the US, with rates increasing substantially between 1980 and 2014. Diarrheal disease deaths were ranked as the second-leading cause of all infectious disease mortality, behind lower respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
Researchers found that tuberculosis patients with lower blood concentrations of key medications are more likely to be contagious. This discovery highlights the need for routine checks and potentially increased dosages to control the spread of the disease.
Researchers at Rockefeller University discover a molecular doorstop antibiotic that kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not suitable for clinical use. By understanding its mechanism of action, medicinal chemists can design new antibiotics that target specific enzymes, offering hope for a more targeted treatment against the disease.
TB, a bacterial infection that infects the lungs, is a leading cause of death worldwide. The NIH calls for modernized TB research using new diagnostic and vaccine approaches to cure people infected with any strain of Mtb.
The STATIS trial found that intensive tuberculosis screening was as effective as systemic antituberculosis therapy in reducing mortality among severely immunosuppressed HIV-infected adults. The study's results suggest that both strategies can be used to improve outcomes in resource-limited settings.
A one-month antibiotic regimen was at least as safe and effective as the standard nine-month therapy for preventing active tuberculosis disease in people living with HIV. The study found that treatment adherence was significantly better for the shorter regimen, with nearly all participants completing the full course.
Scientists have developed an innovative process to detect TB bacteria using a fluorogenic trehalose analog, called DMN-trehalose. This new stain only illuminates inside living TB bacteria, making diagnosis more accurate and quick. The innovation aims to simplify the traditional smear microscopy process.
Researchers have developed a glowing molecule that can detect live tuberculosis bacteria, offering a quick and simple diagnosis method. The molecule, DMN-Tre, incorporates into the cell membranes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, allowing for accurate detection in sputum samples.
A study published in CMAJ found that older age at immigration and emigration from regions with high TB incidence increase the risk of TB in Canada. Latent TB screening and treatment are suggested as practical solutions to reduce TB incidence in these high-risk groups.
A total of 1.8 million young people between ten and 24 years old are estimated to develop tuberculosis (TB) annually, with 20-24-year-olds at the greatest risk. Young adults with TB may face disruptions in education, employment, or family responsibilities due to their illness.
A USC-developed algorithm can better locate and treat people living with undiagnosed infectious diseases, such as TB and gonorrhea. The algorithm optimizes disease spread models using behavioral, demographic, and epidemic trends to capture underlying population dynamics.
A Phase 2 clinical trial in South Africa found that revaccination with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine significantly reduced sustained TB infections in adolescents. An experimental subunit vaccine candidate, H4:IC31, also showed promise in preventing TB infection or disease.
Researchers discovered a new badger behaviour where some males range widely across multiple territories, gaining access to more female badgers and potentially increasing disease transmission. This finding could help pinpoint areas of high risk for TB transmission, informing effective vaccination strategies.
Researchers found 17% of working African elephants in Zimbabwe ecotourism facilities tested positive for tuberculosis antibodies, linking seropositive status to time in captivity. The study highlights the importance of managing elephant health for conservation and human safety.
A new TB vaccine has shown promising results in a study of nonhuman primates, providing 41% protection and reducing overall disease by 68%. The vaccine uses a weakened form of a common Herpes virus to create high immunity against the pathogen.
A Montreal team of researchers has discovered a new approach to combat tuberculosis by reprogramming immune cells. By training stem cells in the bone marrow, macrophages can be generated to kill TB-causing bacteria. The findings offer promising results for developing an effective vaccine against TB.
A team of Canadian researchers has discovered a way to re-program innate immune cells to kill tuberculosis. The innovative work aims to make vaccines more effective against TB and other infectious diseases like the flu. By targeting stem cells in the bone marrow, scientists were able to boost the killing efficiency of macrophages.
Researchers found that banded mongooses transmit a novel tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium mungi, through olfactory secretions, infecting other animals in their social group. The study provides insight into the evolution of this unique transmission route and its implications for understanding tuberculosis.
A multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in eight refugees arriving in Europe, highlighting the need for early detection and isolation. The study's findings led to the development of a rapid PCR test and an EU-wide alert system to prevent further transmission.
Dr. Jeffrey Actor has been awarded $1.7 million to investigate a novel recombinant lactoferrin for use as a preclinical research tool to alter granuloma pathology in tuberculosis. This could limit development of lung disease and slow transmission of organisms between individuals.
Research in mice and tissue cultures suggests that vitamin C enhances the killing power of first-line TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. The combination reduces organ burdens faster than the drugs alone, with a potential to shorten TB chemotherapy duration.
Researchers at TUM and Harvard University discovered a substance that interferes with the formation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis' mycomembrane. Combining this beta-lactone inhibitor with known antibiotics increases effectiveness by up to 100-fold, making it a promising new therapy for TB.
Scientists have developed a noninvasive tuberculosis test that can detect active infections in HIV-negative patients using urine samples. The test, which traps sugar molecules found on the TB bacterium's outer coat, has shown increased sensitivity and accuracy compared to previous methods.
Researchers have developed a new antibiotic, EZ120, that targets the mycomembrane biosynthesis of tuberculosis pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. By inhibiting key enzymes, EZ120 significantly increases the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics, offering a novel approach for tuberculosis treatment.
A cheap and widely used drug lansoprazole may have useful activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. The study found people taking lansoprazole were a third less likely to develop TB than those taking similar drugs.
Scientists followed 150 adolescents infected with M. tuberculosis for several years, finding elevated immune system activity 1-2 years before diagnosis and suppressed gene expression in T cells before active disease began. This study provides a clearer timeline of biological events leading to pulmonary TB development.
A new study published in Pediatrics found that routine laboratory screenings for children entering foster care carry high costs and questionable medical benefits. Targeted screening may be a more cost-effective approach, particularly for conditions such as anemia, lead poisoning, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
A phase 4 randomized clinical trial found that self-administered treatment for latent tuberculosis infection had a high rate of treatment completion in the United States, Spain, and Hong Kong. The findings suggest that once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine by self-administration is noninferior to direct observation in completing treatm...
Researchers identified two key proteins that allow mycobacterium tuberculosis to evade cell destruction, leading to potential new anti-microbial strategies. Deleting these proteins could inhibit repair mechanisms, making TB more susceptible to treatment.