Articles tagged with Typhoid
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Public Health Alerts provide concise, data-driven information on disease outbreaks and urgent health events. The new series, launched by NEJM Evidence and CIDRAP, offers expert-reviewed reports to support public health evidence-based care.
The Phase 3 study demonstrated the safety and non-inferiority of EuTYPH-C Inj.® Multi-dose compared to a World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified comparator TCV, Typbar TCV®. The vaccine was shown to be well-tolerated across all age groups with no serious adverse events.
A Phase 1 clinical trial has successfully tested a new vaccine against typhoid fever and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella, demonstrating strong immune responses in healthy adults. The vaccine triggered balanced immune defenses and showed potential for whole-body protection against Salmonella.
A new study finds that the high burden of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan African countries calls for stronger prevention strategies, including the use and implementation of typhoid conjugate vaccines. The study estimates that there are 12.5 to 16.3 million cases of typhoid every year with 140,000 deaths.
Researchers found an association between the number of ciprofloxacin prescriptions and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. Typhi isolates with QRDR mutations. The study suggests that increased antimicrobial use contributed to the emergence of resistance, highlighting the need for better diagnostics and vaccines.
Researchers found that tomato juice can kill Salmonella Typhi and other enteric pathogens by impairing their bacterial membrane. The study identified two effective antimicrobial peptides in tomatoes that can eliminate these harmful bacteria.
A single dose of the typhoid conjugate vaccine provided lasting protection against typhoid fever in over 28,000 healthy children in Malawi. The vaccine efficacy remained strong over four years, with a 78.3% efficacy rate and one case prevented for every 163 children vaccinated.
Bio-TCV, a typhoid conjugate vaccine developed by IVI and Bio Farma, has been licensed in Indonesia following marketing approval from BPOM. The vaccine is expected to provide protection against typhoid fever as early as 9 months of age.
A large typhoid outbreak on a Dutch ship was traced to contaminated drinking water, with 72 cases confirmed. The investigation found that sewage containing Salmonella typhi leaked into freshwater tanks, highlighting the importance of regular water quality inspections.
A new technique for detecting typhoidal Salmonella infections has been developed, allowing for faster and more accurate tracking of infections, particularly in rural areas. The approach detects typhoid antibodies in dried blood spots, providing valuable information for vaccination planning and disease surveillance.
A study published in The Lancet Microbe reveals that typhoid-causing bacteria have developed resistance to critical antibiotics, spreading globally since 1990. This rise threatens the effectiveness of antibiotics for treating typhoid fever infections.
A mathematical modeling study predicts that routine immunization with TCV could avert 46-74% of all typhoid fever cases in 73 countries. Vaccination is also expected to reduce the relative prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid by 16%, preventing millions of cases and deaths.
A new study from Karolinska Institutet shows that explicitly addressing falsehoods is more effective in busting misbeliefs than simply stating scientific facts. The study found that two communication campaigns using WhatsApp audio dramas significantly reduced participants' incorrect beliefs about typhoid and malaria.
A new study has shown that a single dose of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) is safe and 84 percent effective in protecting against typhoid in Blantyre, Malawi. The findings are critical as typhoid is an increasing public health threat across sub-Saharan Africa.
A new study confirms the safety and immunogenicity of the Vi-DT conjugate vaccine in children aged 6-23 months. The single-dose regimen shows anti-Vi seroconversion rates similar to the two-dose schedule, offering a promising solution for increasing global vaccination stockpiles.
Researchers have identified a crucial role for the typhoid toxin protein in delivering toxins to host immune cells and disrupting their function. The study's findings suggest that targeting specific sugars on immune cells could prevent the bacteria from entering and infecting them, paving the way for new treatment options.
A study published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases found that typhoid prevalence is likely higher than estimated due to missed blood cultures, with patients more likely to have cultures if older, feverish or suspected urinary tract infection.
A new field study in Nepal shows the typhoid vaccine is safe, immunogenic and effective against the disease, with results showing 7 cases out of 20,000 children vaccinated. The study's findings are significant, especially with the recent spread of drug-resistant typhoid, which threatens child health in affected regions.
Scientists have discovered how the typhoid toxin hijacks DNA repair machines and accelerates cellular aging, making cells more susceptible to infection. This breakthrough could lead to earlier diagnosis and faster treatment for typhoid sufferers, a major killer in low- and middle-income countries.
A new international consortium, led by Dr. Kathy Neuzil of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, aims to introduce the typhoid conjugate vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The research highlights challenges such as surveillance, antibiotic resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
A joint US-African effort to test the Bharat Biotech typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) on 250 children aged 9-36 months in Burkina Faso. The study aims to evaluate the TCV's efficacy when co-administered with other routine vaccines, such as yellow fever and meningitis A vaccines.
Researchers found contaminated surface water and unwashed produce are primary sources of transmission, while improved sanitation can significantly reduce the disease. In Fiji, people with poor sanitation facilities or damaged sewerage systems are at higher risk of contracting typhoid fever.
A study at the University of Maryland School of Medicine found a correlation between certain gut microbes and resistance to typhoid fever. Those with higher levels of methanogens were significantly less likely to become sick after exposure to virulent bacteria.
Historians have long been puzzled by Saladin's sudden death in 1193, but expert Stephen J. Gluckman has shed new light on the mystery. Typhoid fever is believed to be the most likely culprit, a bacterial disease common in the region at the time.
A study published in mBio reveals that a strain of typhoid acquired an additional piece of DNA encoding multiple antibiotic resistance genes, making it extensively drug-resistant. This outbreak highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, including vaccines, to combat the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance.
The World Health Organization has prequalified the Typbar-TCV typhoid conjugate vaccine, offering longer-lasting protection and allowing administration to children under two years old. This step is crucial in expanding access to this lifesaving vaccine and reducing the burden of typhoid in high-risk areas.
A new study found that Salmonella typhi toxin targets specific cells expressing multiantennal glycan receptors, which could lead to the development of targeted treatments for typhoid fever. The research also highlights the potential for sugar-based therapeutics to combat antibiotic-resistant diseases.
A new phase 2b trial of the Vi-conjugate typhoid vaccine shows high efficacy rates and reduced symptoms of typhoid disease. The vaccine has been shown to be safe and immunogenic, with a potential to halve typhoid infections in children under 2 years old.
A study identified a genetic risk factor for typhoid fever that targets bacterial virulence and cholesterol metabolism. The VAC14 gene variant reduces the ability of Salmonella Typhi to invade human cells, suggesting a potential preventive approach with cholesterol-lowering drugs.
Duke scientists discovered a gene variant linked to susceptibility to typhoid fever and found that cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe protected zebrafish against Salmonella Typhi. The study provides insight into human susceptibility to infectious disease and potential avenues for protection.
A metabolomics approach has identified a unique metabolic 'signature' that can accurately distinguish typhoid from other tropical diseases, providing a new approach for typhoid diagnostics. The study found excellent predictive power in distinguishing culture-positive typhoid patients from those with other diseases.
Researchers have found that antibiotic-resistant salmonella strains are becoming increasingly common in sub-Saharan Africa, posing a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, particularly among non-typhoid salmonella infections, is a major concern due to the lack of effective treatments.
Research reveals typhoid toxin promotes long-term colonization without disease in infected hosts, reducing intestinal inflammation and altering gut microbiome. Chronic infection was not linked to cancer development, highlighting a novel immune modulating role for the toxin.
A recent study reveals the emergence of a highly resistant strain of typhoid in Africa, with data showing its rapid spread across the continent. The H58-strain has been found to acquire resistance to commonly available antibiotics, making it easier for the bacteria to retain these genes.
A landmark genomic study reveals a single clade of typhoid bacteria, H58, is driving global spread, displacing other strains and creating a previously underappreciated epidemic. The study highlights the urgent need for global surveillance and coordinated efforts to prevent and control antimicrobial-resistant typhoid.
Researchers found that humans are susceptible to typhoid fever due to the absence of enzyme CMAH, which reconfigures sugar molecules on cell surfaces. This discovery has implications for developing new therapies for typhoid fever.
A new study has identified a human gene that provides natural resistance to typhoid fever. The HLA-DRB1 gene codes for a receptor important in the immune response against invading bacteria. This finding holds promise for developing improved vaccines and treatments for typhoid fever.
Researchers at the University of Basel have discovered how Salmonella bacteria outsmart the host's immune cells, allowing them to survive and spread infection. This knowledge may lead to new treatments for typhoid fever, a life-threatening disease affecting millions worldwide.
A recent study funded by the Wellcome Trust suggests that restricting antibiotic use may not stop the spread of antibiotic-resistant typhoid. In laboratory tests, resistant strains of Salmonella Typhi bacteria outcompeted sensitive strains even without antibiotics.
A recent study found that high-risk travelers, including those with medical comorbidities and pregnant women, account for nearly 20 percent of patients using the Boston Area Travel Medicine Network. These travelers often visited destinations with malaria and typhoid risk, highlighting the need for pre-travel care.
The study reveals that Salmonella typhi's powerful typhoid toxin is responsible for the devastating symptoms of typhoid fever. The discovery could lead to the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics targeting this toxin, offering hope for saving millions of lives.
A new study found that malaria and typhoid fever are the biggest health threats for travelers to tropics, affecting 4% of returned travelers. The study analyzed over 82,000 ill travelers and found no cases of Ebola or other feared diseases.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center have developed a groundbreaking mouse model of typhoid fever, enabling the study and creation of more effective vaccines. The mouse model uses toll-like receptors to combat the infection, with promising results in immunizing mice against Salmonella typhi.
Researchers have developed a mouse model of typhoid fever, allowing for more effective vaccine development against the deadly pathogen. The model shows human-like symptoms and responds positively to immunization.
Scientists map typhoid outbreaks in Kathmandu using gene sequencing and GPS technology, revealing clusters near water spouts and lower elevations are at high risk. The study also sheds light on asymptomatic carriers' role in disease spread.
Scientists have developed a laboratory model to study innovative approaches against typhoid fever in a living system. The 'humanized' mouse model enables researchers to test new treatments before testing them on people.
University of Calgary researchers warn of a new computer security threat called Typhoid adware, which can infect laptops in public places like internet cafes. The adware displays advertisements on infected computers without the user's knowledge.
A new study found that typhoid fever bacteria form persistent communities on gallstones, making carriers particularly hard to treat. The infection is transmitted through fecal-oral contact and can lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year.
A study found that typhoid fever cases in the US are often associated with international travel to the Indian subcontinent and are increasingly resistant to common treatments. The majority of cases were linked to travelers who visited friends or family, highlighting the need for improved vaccination coverage and prevention measures.
A new study by IVI-NICED found that the Vi polysaccharide vaccine is highly effective in protecting young children against typhoid fever, with 80% protection rate in children under five years old. The vaccine also conferred substantial herd protection, reducing typhoid risk among unvaccinated neighbors by 44%.
A new study uses next-generation DNA sequencing to uncover genetic signatures of typhoid fever, allowing for improved diagnosis, tracking of disease spread, and potential design of new vaccines. The technology also enables researchers to identify individual organisms causing outbreaks and target vaccination campaigns more effectively.
Nepalese researchers have identified Gatifloxacin as a more effective and affordable treatment option for drug-resistant typhoid fever. The study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, has significant implications for treating enteric fever in areas with high levels of drug resistance.
Researchers in Nepal have found a cost-effective treatment for drug-resistant typhoid fever using Gatifloxacin, a fluoroquinolone drug. The study shows that Gatifloxacin is effective against two common bacteria causing enteric fever and is relatively inexpensive at $1 per seven-day course.
A new type of protein discovered by Queen's University researchers may be useful in developing treatments for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The protein, called YihE or RdoA, has been shown to be a potentially good target in a wide range of bacteria that cause infectious diseases.
The study reveals that Salmonella enterica serovar typhi is the most common cause of bacteraemia in children and adults, with almost half of all cases found in children. Local knowledge is crucial for developing effective public health interventions, particularly in a resource-constrained healthcare system.
The study reveals that asymptomatic carriers played a crucial role in the evolution and global transmission of Typhi, leading to antibiotic resistance and hindering treatment efforts. The research also highlights the importance of healthy carriers in facilitating the spread of the bacteria.
Researchers used ancient dental pulp DNA to identify Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the organism that causes typhoid fever, pointing to it as the probable cause of the Plague of Athens. The study sheds new light on this enigmatic event in medical history.
The 5-year project aims to determine which microbial proteins interact with human host cells, pointing the way to new drugs. Researchers will use advanced proteomics instruments to analyze these interactions, accelerating treatment development during outbreaks.
Scientists have sequenced the 'CT18' strain of Salmonella typhi, resistant to cheap antibiotics, and developed new treatment methods. The research provides crucial information on disease spread and mechanisms, potentially leading to a vaccine that can be affordable for everyone.
Short-term travelers to high-risk areas are at risk of getting typhoid fever, particularly those visiting India and Pakistan. The CDC recommends vaccination for travelers who have prolonged exposure to contaminated food and drink.