Articles tagged with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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Researchers found a significant rise in stroke diagnoses among HIV-infected patients between 1997 and 2006, with ischemic strokes being the primary cause. The study suggests that HAART therapy may be linked to an increased risk of stroke due to metabolic complications, highlighting the need for further research.
The Scripps Research Institute team created a library of 50 synthetic compounds from natural Japanese-plant compounds, including one that shows great promise in inhibiting HIV replication and fighting inflammation. The compound has been identified as a promising lead for potential use as an HIV-fighting drug.
A simple, standardized TB screening rule has been developed for resource-constrained settings to identify people living with HIV who need further investigation for TB disease. The absence of common symptoms such as cough, fever, and night sweats can be used to identify individuals with a low probability of having TB disease.
Researchers studied TB detection methods in western Kenya and found that passive case finding is inadequate due to the high prevalence of HIV. Intensive methods like sputum culture are needed to diagnose TB earlier and more accurately, especially among men and those with prior TB treatment.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have discovered how HIV binds to and destroys APOBEC3F, a specific human antiviral protein. By converting this protein to a more effective antiviral agent, they found that shielding of a common feature shared by related proteins may yield similar outcomes.
Researchers found that patients who developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after starting HIV therapy had specific biomarker patterns in their blood. The study suggests that prediction of IRIS or death may be possible with measurement of pre-antiretroviral therapy serum biomarkers.
The study found that earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy increased 5-year survival from 80 to 87% and showed substantially improved early clinical outcomes. In settings where ART initiation at 350/μl is already available, switching stavudine to tenofovir offers clinical benefit and is less costly than adding second-line regimens.
Researchers have made significant breakthroughs in understanding how HIV mutates and evades treatment, providing new insights into developing better tests and treatments for patients. The study found that a specific mutation allows the virus to resist two main families of drugs, highlighting the need for tailored therapies.
A new nonverbal response card has been developed to improve the accuracy of data collection on teenage sexual behavior. The device reduces reporting bias and provides confidential responses, resulting in higher accuracy rates for HIV risk assessment.
The report features nearly 500 women from HIV-affected communities who shared their thoughts on medical male circumcision for HIV prevention. Women expressed excitement but also concerns about its benefits and risks, highlighting the need for education campaigns tailored to women's experiences.
Stephanie Willerth's research on HIV has significantly advanced understanding of the virus and its resistance to medications. Her study of over 15,000 different versions of the virus has led to the identification of specific genes resistant to drugs, paving the way for more effective treatments.
A new cell-based assay system, EASY-HIT, has been developed to identify HIV inhibitors and measure their potency. The technology, led by Professor Ruth Brack-Werner, can also detect anti-HIV activities in raw plant extracts and has already discovered novel sources of antiviral activities.
Researchers found that certain mutations in the virus render it ineffective against drugs, but also impair its ability to kill immune cells. This discovery may lead to a new diagnostic tool and more effective treatments for HIV patients.
Global heterogeneity in HIV-1 strains affects properties like viral fitness and transmissibility. New forms will continue to emerge, necessitating updated prevention and control strategies.
Researchers have found that the HIV virus triggers an immune response in CD4 T cells due to incomplete reverse transcription, leading to cell death. The study's findings suggest that targeting the cell sensor responsible for this response could lead to new treatment strategies.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors block glucose transport, leading to insulin resistance. The discovery provides potential for safer antiviral drugs and better understanding of glucose transport in health and disease.
Early and abundant HIV antibodies are ineffective in blocking infection due to their inability to recognize the virus until it has invaded a healthy cell. The study reveals that the virus creates two versions of the 'Achilles heel' that different types of antibodies need to target, making effective defense challenging.
A new study reveals how HIV evades the body's natural defense system by hiding a critical protein from natural killer cells. The research opens up a promising new target for HIV drug therapies.
A strong link has been found between depression and risky sexual behaviors in South African youth, with depressed individuals more likely to engage in transactional sex and experience relationship violence. Researchers recommend routine screening for depression to reduce HIV risk in the region.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine and UT Austin used molecular evolution analysis to identify the source of HIV infections in two criminal cases. They found that a single virus, with up to 75% of infections resulting from a single ancestral strain, could be linked to the infected individuals.
Research reveals alcohol's far-reaching consequences, including weakened immune systems, impaired bone growth, and increased risks of HIV transmission and poor surgical outcomes.
The Miriam Hospital will conduct research on HIV testing, treatment, and linkage to care for prison inmates, with a focus on improving follow-up care after release. The hospital aims to address the disproportionate number of HIV-positive individuals in the criminal justice system.
A new study finds that weekly SMS check-ins increase the likelihood of patients with HIV having undetectable viral loads, leading to better health outcomes and reduced transmission. The text-message support system showed a 12% increase in undetectable levels among participants.
Researchers propose a novel approach to prevent both unintended pregnancies and HIV transmission by utilizing nanoparticles that carry melittin, a toxin derived from honeybee venom. The nanobees will target and destroy sperm and HIV cells through a fusion process.
A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers reveals a large burden of syphilis infection and high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Sichuan province. The study found that 30% of these males practiced consistent condom use, highlighting the need for effective interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
Research reveals that tiny variants in a protein called HLA-B are associated with immune system's ability to control HIV infection. The study identifies five amino acid sites critical to the protein's function, providing insights into the genetic basis of natural immunity.
A UCLA team is studying ways to get HIV-positive men released from LA jails into medical care and on sustained treatment. The randomized controlled trial will assess an innovative peer-navigation intervention to improve health outcomes and prevent transmission.
A study led by Allison Webel aims to promote lifestyle changes among women with HIV, testing the effectiveness of a self-management intervention. The research targets sleep, exercise, personal time, and spirituality habits, aiming to empower individuals to take an active role in their treatment.
Researchers will investigate the complex interactions between alcohol consumption and HIV, including brain and liver damage, adherence to antiretroviral medications, and safe sex practices. The goal is to determine whether individuals need to stop or reduce their drinking.
A new research method has provided unprecedented clarity on the behavior of the HIV protein Gag, which plays critical roles in the assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus. The study reveals new conformations of the protein and offers potential avenues for developing antiviral drugs.
Researchers testing tenofovir gel's rectal safety in a new trial led by the NIH-funded Microbicide Trials Network. The study aims to determine if rectal use of tenofovir gel is safe and effective in preventing HIV transmission among men and women who engage in receptive anal intercourse.
The world's third rectal microbicide trial has been launched in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to test the safety and acceptability of tenofovir gel. The study aims to determine if rectal use of the gel reduces the risk of HIV among men and women who engage in receptive anal intercourse.
A six-session school-based program in South Africa reduced rates of unprotected sex and sex with multiple partners among sixth-graders. The intervention also had a positive impact on HIV/STD prevention behaviors, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions for young adolescents.
A mobile van approach to hunt down active cases of tuberculosis significantly outperformed door-to-door visits, detecting 255 smear-positive patients vs. 137 through door-to-door visits. This intervention led to a 43% decline in undiagnosed culture-positive TB in the community.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have made two fundamental discoveries about broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies, which effectively keep the virus at bay. They found that most antibodies bind to their target in a polyreactive manner, enhancing overall affinity by binding non-specifically to the virion.
Researchers have successfully slipped silver nanoparticles cloaked in HIV protein into the nucleus of cells, where they can detect subtle light signals and deliver payloads. This innovation has potential implications for disease treatment and basic scientific research.
Scientists have created a substance that targets amyloid structures in semen and weakens HIV's ability to infect the body's immune cells. The experimental compound makes it harder for HIV particles to stick to human immune cells, offering a new lead in developing a microbicide to prevent HIV transmission.
A Stanford study finds that 90% of emergency departments nationwide provide preventive-care services, despite being under pressure to prioritize acute care. The most common service is domestic violence screening, while HIV screening is the least offered. Many EDs struggle to balance quality and cost constraints.
Researchers have developed a method to extract and present viral surface fragments, known as epitopes, into computer-designed protein scaffolds that lock them in recognizable shapes. This approach has implications for vaccine design and the development of antibodies against HIV/AIDS.
Scientists have discovered that Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), an ancestor of HIV, is thousands of years old, challenging previous estimates. The research suggests SIV may be even older than a million years and has implications for understanding the origin of HIV.
Researchers have discovered that a precursor to the AIDS-causing HIV is at least 32,000 years old, contradicting previous estimates. The study suggests that HIV's evolution into a non-lethal form is unlikely due to its rapid virulence.
Drs. De Clercq and Fauci are recognized for their pioneering work in understanding and combating HIV/AIDS. They have made significant contributions to the development of antiviral drugs and treatments.
In France, nearly half of new HIV infections occur among men who have sex with men, accounting for 48% of new cases in 2008. Incidence is 200 times higher than in the French heterosexual population.
Researchers found a sensor in dendritic cells that recognizes HIV, sparking a more potent immune response. The ability to stimulate this protective response is critical for developing therapeutic vaccines against HIV.
Researchers found that villagers with higher cognitive and decision-making abilities were more likely to take protective steps against HIV. Formal education was key to teaching people how to think critically and make informed decisions.
Research found that young white homosexual men contribute significantly to local HIV spread, highlighting high-risk behavior as a major factor. The study's findings suggest targeted prevention programs focused on this group are needed to combat rising infections.
Scientists have identified six critical amino acids in the TRIM5α protein that enable it to destroy HIV. Altering these amino acids in human cells renders TRIM5α ineffective against HIV-1 infection, highlighting a potential target for therapy development.
A new HIV drug candidate called PIE12-trimer has been developed by a University of Utah biochemist, which prevents the virus from attacking human cells. The compound is designed with a unique resistance capacitor that makes it effective against emerging drug-resistant viruses.
A work group led by a Kaiser Permanente researcher developed and adopted 17 national measures to assess HIV care quality, including screening, prevention, and antiretroviral therapy. These measures have been endorsed by several organizations and are being pilot-tested to improve patient outcomes.
A joint project of UCSF and KEMRI has received a 5-year grant to expand its care and support for people affected by HIV/AIDS in Kenya. The grant will allow the project to serve at least 80% of HIV patients needing care within its service areas.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation recognizes 10 Community Health Leaders who have improved the lives of men, women, and children in underserved communities. The awardees receive $125,000 to support their ongoing work.
Catherine A. Blish receives ICAAC Young Investigator Award for elucidating neutralizing antibodies in HIV transmission, sponsored by Merck. Her work shows that broad neutralizing antibody responses may not prevent superinfection with a second strain of HIV.
A US-Mexico border program using a 35-minute behavioral intervention significantly reduced the incidence of HIV and STIs among female sex workers. The program, called Mujer Segura or Healthy Woman, was found to be cost-effective, with an estimated expense per intervention of less than $200.
The PLOS Medicine editors argue for a more integrated approach to addressing HIV in maternal and child health. Concurrent crises of maternal and child health and HIV require cooperation to address effectively.
A five-year, $4 million NIH grant will support a prospective study on antiretroviral therapy for people co-infected with MDR-TB and HIV in South Africa. The study aims to gather evidence for clinical practice and public health policy worldwide.
The XVIII International AIDS Conference presented strong scientific findings on HIV research and program scale-up, emphasizing the need for increased funding and human rights protection. Delegates renewed their commitment to securing universal access to prevention, care, treatment, and support.
The lack of access to scientifically proven interventions for key populations at risk and the lagging scale-up of treatment regimens threaten future progress on AIDS. Organizers call for an end to passive neglect and active denial of life-saving health services, information, and tools.
The mother-to-child HIV transmission rate has dropped significantly since the advent of powerful therapies, with fewer than 10 babies born with the disease annually in Florida. Despite progress, there are still missed opportunities for prevention, particularly among women with mental health issues or substance abuse problems.
A new study suggests that adult circumcision would have a very small effect on reducing HIV incidence in the US. The study found that only 500 out of 65,700 gay and bisexual men in San Francisco would potentially benefit from circumcision.
The Lancet series on HIV in people who use drugs highlights the need to shift focus from individual patient adherence to health delivery conditions that create treatment interruptions. The series reports that increased ART provision to IDUs reduces infectivity and transmission, and is cost-effective.