Articles tagged with Human Biology
New research maps the distribution of destructive human activities impacting threatened birds, mammals, and amphibians globally. The study identifies hotspots of human impact, including South East Asia and South America, where tropical forests are rich in biodiversity.
A new study finds that the decline in mortality among the very old may be due to errors in data collection and analysis, rather than biological factors. The researchers suggest that even small errors can significantly impact mortality rates, particularly at the end of life.
Researchers from McMaster University have discovered a novel genetic control of lipid maintenance that links to lifespan. The study found that the WNT signalling pathway plays a key role in regulating lipid production, which is essential for healthy living.
A team of researchers at UC Davis has developed a new method to estimate the biological sex of human skeletal remains based on protein traces from teeth. This method uses sensitive mass spectrometry to measure proteins and can be used alongside existing techniques.
Prellis Biologics has developed record speed and resolution technology for printing human tissue with viable capillaries, a major hurdle in organ engineering. This breakthrough enables the production of thick, functioning tissue for drug testing and ultimately human organs.
Researchers found that young zebra finches are biased to produce specific sound patterns, similar to those in human languages and music. This bias is thought to be influenced by innate brain mechanisms, supporting the idea of a 'universal grammar' for language learning.
A team of scientists used a novel microscope to measure the density of heterochromatin, a tightly packed form of chromatin found in human cells. The study reveals that heterochromatin DNA is not fully inactive, but rather has physical properties that can be described in live cells.
Researchers developed a new method to predict human biological age using carotid artery data, with a mean absolute error of 6.9 and 5.9 years for healthy individuals. The study used a combination of carotid ultrasound and tonometry data, as well as machine learning algorithms.
Researchers developed a tethered soft exosuit that reduces the metabolic cost of running on a treadmill by 5.4% compared to not wearing the exosuit. The study tested two different assistance profiles, one based on human biology and another based on simulation, with the latter outperforming the former in reducing metabolic cost.
The Society of Biological Psychiatry recognized the Simons Foundation with the 2017 Humanitarian Award for its leadership in decreasing stigma, advancing awareness, and contributing to research advancements. The $5,000 award prize was presented by Dr. Kerry Ressler on May 19, 2017.
The discovery of two partial archaic human skulls from the Lingjing site in central China reveals a complex mix of biological trends among early modern humans. The fossils, dated to around 100,000 years ago, show a blend of features with late archaic and early modern humans, as well as Neandertals.
A study at Technical University of Munich found that antibodies can activate human nerve cells within milliseconds, modifying their function. This knowledge improves understanding of illnesses associated with certain types of cancer and paraneoplastic syndromes, which occur when the body's autoimmune reaction attacks its own cells.
The review highlights the need for personalized biologic dosing in rheumatoid arthritis treatment due to varying patient responses and drug concentrations. Implementing individualized doses can improve therapeutic outcomes while reducing costs.
Researchers propose a unifying framework for managing environmental microbiomes, highlighting the importance of preserving biodiversity in maintaining human health. The study suggests that altering microbial diversity can have significant impacts on human health, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies.
Researchers found that women generally outlive men across multiple species, with a ubiquity of survival advantage. However, they also appear to be in poorer health through adult life, with higher rates of physical limitations and health problems like osteoarthritis and back pain.
A study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences identified biological factors predicting viral transmission efficiency among humans. Low host mortality and extended survival time increase a virus's ability to spread, while envelope structures and insect vectors hinder emergence.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that cortisol levels increase with aggressive behavior in 10-year-old boys. Cortisol is not associated with increased aggression in girls during this age range.
The journal will publish evidence-based original research on the impact of biological sex on 21st century technology and human life. Topics include sex-specific differences in genomic and cellular function, synthetic biology, and technological advances.
Researchers identified over 100 biologically important areas (BIAs) in U.S. waters to inform conservation and management decisions for whales, dolphins, and porpoises. BIAs cover 24 species, stocks, or populations in seven regions and include reproductive, feeding, migratory, and population-concentrated areas.
Adjusting dietary manipulation may help patients with various conditions by influencing the internal biological clock. Insulin plays a crucial role in resetting the circadian clock, allowing for effective digestion and absorption.
Junior Professor Dr. Elisabetta Chicca and colleagues discover that imprecise digital and analog circuits are more efficient than precise ones in building artificial nervous systems. The study, published in Proceedings of the IEEE, reveals a new approach to designing autonomous cognitive systems with minimal power requirements.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) has selected six papers for the 2013 Cozzarelli Prize, honoring originality and excellence in scientific disciplines. The award recipients include studies on planetary formation, task-related 'cortical' bursting, and honey bee pathogen replication.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab created highly sensitive tactile sensors using composite films of carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles, 10 times more sensitive than previous pressure sensors. These e-whiskers can be integrated into various systems to enable robots to 'see' and 'feel' their surroundings.
Researchers found that South American squirrel monkeys can detect structural dependencies in musical patterns, similar to those found in human languages. This suggests that the ability to process dependencies may have evolved in human cognition along with human language.
A study published in the American Journal of Human Biology found that children spending more than three-quarters of their time sedentary have up to nine times poorer motor coordination than their active peers. Physical activity alone is not enough to overcome the negative effects of sedentary behavior on basic motor skills.
The FASEB MARC Program has awarded a $1,650 travel grant to Shanelle Joseph from Southern University and A tM College for her poster/platform presentation at the 2012 meeting. The program aims to increase underrepresented minority engagement in biomedical research.
A new Northwestern University study confirms that human males are biologically wired to care for their offspring, showing that fatherhood significantly lowers testosterone levels. The study found that fathers who became more involved in child care experienced the largest decline in testosterone.
Researchers developed a biological memristor using human blood, exhibiting memory effects when exposed to voltage polarity and magnitude. The breakthrough demonstrates the potential for creating liquid memristors from human tissues, paving the way for future cyborg devices.
The UChicago experiment demonstrates scale invariance and universality, showing that a two-dimensional cold-atom gas system exhibits the same properties regardless of size or temperature. The researchers' findings suggest that this type of scale invariance can be extrapolated to other systems.
The National Resource for Network Biology (NRNB) center will provide researchers with access to advanced tools to study human systems and diseases. The center aims to develop sophisticated models of how human systems function or fail, ultimately leading to new treatments and therapies.
A new study challenges the long-held assumption that children adopt an anthropocentric perspective on human-animal relationships from birth. Instead, research suggests that human-centered reasoning emerges around age 3 in urban children, reflecting their community's perspectives.
Scientists have reprogrammed mouse fibroblasts to create whole mice using tetraploid complementation, a significant advancement in understanding induced pluripotent stem cells. This achievement offers hope for overcoming embryo destruction in pluripotent cell derivation and potentially revolutionizing regenerative medicine.
A recent study found that European American couples tend to prefer MHC-dissimilar mates, suggesting a biological component to mate choice. In contrast, African couples showed no significant MHC similarity or dissimilarity.
The Broad Institute will develop molecular tools to probe human biology and disease using small molecules. The six-year NIH grant supports high-throughput screening of molecular libraries to identify compounds with interesting biological functions.
Researchers found that mice can sense oxygen levels in the environment and stimulate kidney production of erythropoietin when oxygen concentrations drop. The study suggests that the skin plays a major role in sensing oxygen and could lead to new treatments for anemia and diseases affecting red blood cell counts.
A recent study by University at Buffalo biologists provides the most complete picture to date of the complex biological mechanisms of bacterial viruses infected with Shiga toxin. The research reveals that toxins like Shiga are used by bacteria to become mobile and can lead to more effective treatments for humans infected with it.
A recent study published in Journal of Vision found that humans may not be more sensitive to biological motion compared to non-biological motion. The research, led by Dr. Eric Hiris, tested the effectiveness of masks and target sizes to determine detection performance, and concluded that humans do not exhibit enhanced sensitivity.
Researchers found that transcription factors bind to different sites in human and mouse liver cells, suggesting distinct regulatory mechanisms. This discovery could help identify patterns in gene expression and provide guidance for researchers using mice to understand human biology.
A deeper understanding of behavioral biology is necessary to improve laws, according to Vanderbilt law professor Owen Jones. By integrating life science and social science perspectives on behavior, laws can be more effective in pursuing their goals.
The Woods Hole COHH will research how oceanic processes affect human pathogens, focusing on temperate coastal ocean distribution and persistence. The center aims to address public health threats from harmful algal blooms and contaminated coastal waters.
Researchers compiled a list of 46 phytoplankton species potentially toxic to humans and marine life, highlighting the need for monitoring programs. The study's findings emphasize the economic cost of harmful algae blooms and their potential impact on global climate modification.
A study found that consuming high-procyanidin chocolate increased plasma concentrations of a procyanidin metabolite and reduced serum leukotriene, promoting blood platelet aggregation. This compound may provide cardioprotective effects by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
A UMass-led international research group has successfully sequenced the genome of Halobacterium species NRC-1, a salt-loving microorganism. The achievement promises to reveal insights into cell regulation, gene expression, and potential biomedical applications, including vaccine development and antibiotic design.
A genetic mutation in the tau gene has been identified as the cause of a 20-hour day in hamsters. The discovery reveals that the enzyme CK1ε plays a crucial role in regulating the circadian rhythm, and offers new opportunities for developing drugs to control the biological clock in humans.
A study by Ulf Dimberg found that facial muscle activity can be spontaneously evoked without conscious awareness, suggesting subconscious emotional communication. The results support the theory that important aspects of face-to-face interaction can occur on a subconscious level.
UCSD researchers successfully integrated electronic neuron within a group of biological neurons, demonstrating the potential for restoring brain function. The key finding was the simplification of mathematical algorithms, allowing for a radical reduction in variables to control a neuron's overall function.
Researchers from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have pinpointed how light resets the biological clock of fruit flies. By analyzing biochemical consequences of light pulses, they found that light triggers cell breakdown of a key protein called timeless, which is essential for synchronizing the biological to day-night cycle.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered a critical protein called cryptochrome that assists per in regulating the mammalian clock's feedback loop. This finding effectively closes the gap in understanding the mechanisms behind human sleep-wake cycles and their disruptions.
Researchers found that psychological stress increases levels of IL-6, a cytokine linked to immune system response, making the body more susceptible to developing infection and symptoms of respiratory illness.
Biological clocks in animals and plants regulated by temperature rather than light, according to Dartmouth study. Temperature cycles may be crucial for maintaining circadian rhythm in humans, particularly during seasonal changes.
Researchers at Cornell University discovered that the auditory portion of the midbrain uses acoustic qualities to isolate one signal as potentially interesting, similar to the cocktail party effect. This ability helps female midshipman fish locate the hum of interest among multiple signals.
Researchers at Arizona State University have created a cell-like machine that captures light energy and converts it into a usable form, duplicating biological photosynthesis. This breakthrough technology has the potential to power artificial biological systems and could lead to innovations in computing, drug development, and other fields.
Vanderbilt University biologist Carl Johnson's research finds that internal clocks in humans and lower organisms are entrained by both artificial and natural light. The human biological clock speeds up with age, leading to early wake-up times and sleep disruptions, while napping is an innate function.
At the AAAS meeting in February 1998, USGS scientists presented research on predicting the fate of contaminants in the New York Bight and developing a regional map of sea floor characteristics. The study aims to provide information for guiding habitat and resource management and monitoring long-term environmental change.
Nancy Roseman, assistant professor of biology at Williams College, has been awarded a $266,191 NSF grant to study the biochemistry of dUTPase, an enzyme involved in DNA metabolism. Her research uses the vaccinia virus as a model to understand viral/host interactions and DNA replication.
As baby boomers age, their stepchildren and stepgrandchildren may take on increased caregiving responsibilities, expanding the pool of family members who can provide support. The analysis suggests that traditional views of support ratios for retirement and long-term care may need to be reconsidered.
Researchers discovered a simple mechanism of aging in yeast cells, where extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA (ERCs) replicates until the cell dies. ERCs' accumulation causes enlargement and fragmentation of the nucleolus, leading to cell death, suggesting a potential target for intervening aging processes.
Researchers discovered that biological clocks are independently controlled in various body parts, including appendages and sensory cells. These findings could lead to new strategies for treating disorders related to jet lag, shift work, and seasonal depression.
Researchers successfully cloned the Clock gene, a key regulator of circadian rhythms in mammals. The gene's identification provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm entrainment and expression, potentially leading to new treatments for sleep disorders and jet lag-related issues.
Researchers successfully cloned the first mammalian clock gene, identified as 'Clock', which regulates biological clocks and sleep patterns. The discovery provides new insights into the genetic basis of individual differences in human sleep-wake behavior and may lead to the development of new drugs to regulate circadian rhythms.