Articles tagged with Physical Exercise
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study found that low VO2max levels are a significant predictor of long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with a VO2max below 18 ml/kg/min had a high risk of dying within 10 years, even after adjusting for age and other factors.
A study by the University of Florida found that moderately active rats have healthier DNA and more robust brain cells than their sedentary counterparts. Regular mild exercise can prevent oxidative damage, which is believed to contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline with age.
Researchers found that exercise improves physical function and psychological benefits in older adults, increasing self-efficacy, quality of life, and overall satisfaction with life. Physical activity over time is associated with greater improvements in self-esteem and affect.
This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing perceived barriers to risk factor modification in women. By reducing these barriers, healthcare providers can help prevent or delay coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths, which account for one half million deaths annually.
A recent study found that only one in six pregnant women meet the recommended physical activity levels, with older, non-white women and those with lower incomes being less likely to exercise. Doctors are urged to encourage pregnant women to engage in moderate activities most days of the week.
A new study at the University at Buffalo will explore the impact of cooling on exercise performance in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The researchers aim to determine which cooling method is most effective and improve physical functioning and cardiovascular health.
Researchers discovered that using mirrors to create a mirror reflection of a normal limb can help correct a faulty image of the body in people with complex regional pain syndrome. This imbalance can cause pain when moving a particular hand, foot or limb. By practicing these exercises beforehand, even greater improvements can be achieved.
A study found that moderate exercise can improve knee cartilage strength and elasticity, reducing the progression of osteoarthritis. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce knee pain and stiffness, as well as improve functional performance tests.
The US Army and Air Force partnered with Sandia National Laboratories to test the effectiveness of Athena, a device that uses radar to identify friendly forces on the battlefield. The successful demonstration showcases the potential for this technology to prevent fratricide, or killing one's own soldiers, in combat situations.
Researchers propose strength-training as an alternative to current lymphedema treatment guidelines. Studies have shown that women with breast cancer can benefit from upper-body strength training without increasing the risk of lymphedema.
A genetic study found that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is three times more abundant in muscle of obese individuals than in lean individuals. This elevation in enzyme activity corresponds with diminished fat burning and changes in fat composition.
A moderate exercise regimen, equivalent to 12 miles of brisk walking per week, can significantly improve fitness levels and reduce cardiovascular disease risks. The study found that even slight increases in intensity or duration yield greater health benefits.
A new study at UCI Medical Center will investigate the impact of exercise on growth in premature babies, using bedside nurses to perform daily range of motion exercises for four weeks. The study aims to identify approaches that optimize weight gain and reduce length of stay in neonatal care.
A mutant rat model is being used to study the early vascular changes caused by obesity, which can lead to peripheral vascular disease. The research aims to prevent this condition and improve quality of life for those affected.
A study published in BMC found that regular exercise can significantly reduce musculoskeletal pain in older adults. Participants who exercised regularly experienced 25% less pain than those who were less active, with the reduction persisting until age 62-76.
A recent study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that visceral fat buildup is a major consequence of inactivity. The researchers discovered that increasing exercise amounts can significantly reduce visceral fat, while even moderate exercise can prevent accumulation and reverse it in some cases.
Researchers are testing the Space Cycle, a human-powered centrifuge that generates artificial gravity, to prevent muscle loss and atrophy in astronauts. The device simulates various levels of gravity, from Earth to five times Earth's gravity, to assess its effectiveness in maintaining muscle mass and strength.
Cardiac stress testing reveals a significant association between exercise capacity and heart rate recovery with CHD mortality rates. The study found that asymptomatic individuals with below-average test scores were two to four times more likely to die from CHD within 10-20 years.
African-American women are at high risk of physical inactivity, with nearly a third missing leisure-time exercise. A new study reveals that social support from family or friends significantly predicts physical activity, accounting for over 23% of the variance.
Regular aerobic exercise training is safe and beneficial for cardiac patients, even those with reduced left ventricular function. Appropriate screening and controlled exercise intensity are crucial to minimize risk. Athletes with coronary artery disease can participate in low-intensity competitive sports under supervision.
Increased physical activity reduces coronary heart disease and cardiac mortality rates by 30-40% compared to inactive individuals. Exercise training also improves endothelial function, reducing atherosclerosis and plaque formation, and can even extend life expectancy in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Researchers found that dehydration reduces performance by 8% in temperate weather but has minimal effect in cold temperatures. A study also discovered glycerol as an effective hyperhydration agent to retain fluid in the body, which can be beneficial for prolonged outdoor exposure.
A protein-rich diet combined with exercise leads to greater weight loss and fat reduction compared to a high-carbohydrate, lower-protein diet. This study found that dieters on the protein-rich diet lost almost 100% of their weight in fat, while those on the low-protein diet lost 25-30% of their weight as muscle.
Researchers found that exercising regularly, eating a high-quality diet and maintaining a normal weight can reduce the risk of periodontitis by up to 40%. These healthy behaviors also contribute to lowering diabetes risk factors. Regular monitoring and promotion of these habits by oral health professionals can help prevent gum disease.
A study by University of Florida researchers found that certain gene variants interact with physical activity to affect mobility in seniors. Those with specific genes, such as the DD genotype, were more likely to remain mobile and experienced less decline, even among those who exercised regularly.
A certain gene variation has been identified as a potential marker for differential response to exercise in older adults. A high level of physical activity was associated with the preservation of physical function, with improved risk benefits seen in those possessing the ID or DD genotypes compared to the II genotype.
A new study suggests that a specific gene affecting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels may influence physical function in older adults. Older exercisers with lower ACE production were found to be 45% more likely to experience mobility difficulties compared to those with higher ACE production.
A new study found that not enough exercise in women can lead to serious heart problems and death, with those who cannot achieve 85% of their age-predicted fitness level being twice as likely to die. The researchers developed a chart for women to interpret their exercise capacity based on normative values for their age.
Researchers developed a nomogram for women's exercise capacity based on age and stress test results, providing an accurate assessment of mortality risk. The study found that using the men's nomogram in women resulted in false positives, highlighting the need for personalized fitness assessments.
A new UF study suggests that mitochondrial mutations leading to programmed cell death could be a central mechanism driving aging in mammals. The research finds no correlation between oxidative stress and increased mortality, contradicting the previously believed 'vicious cycle' theory of aging.
A study found that the cortical zone of the upper femoral neck becomes thinner with age, reducing its ability to absorb energy before buckling. Exercise may be a potential solution, as it can load this region differently than walking, which is the primary source of load on older adults.
Researchers identified genetic regions on chromosomes 6, 7, and 19 associated with prediabetes in response to aerobic exercise. The study found that individuals differ in their blood sugar equilibrium after exercise, allowing for unique analysis of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
Researchers found that Tai Chi significantly improved the physical fitness of fall-prone older adults, reducing the risk of falls and fractures. The exercise program showed a 25% reduction in walking time for those who practiced Tai Chi compared to the control group.
A new report recommends introducing post-surgery overnight recovery units to improve mortality rates and reduce hospital stays. The proposal includes assessing patient fitness at an earlier stage and using exercise and nutritional supplements to prepare patients for surgery.
A study by Edward F. Coyle found that Lance Armstrong's long-term training increased muscular efficiency, leading to an 8% improvement in power production. Combining this with a planned weight loss, his steady-state power output improved by 18%. This increase in muscle efficiency may be due to an increase in type I muscle fibers.
Researchers found that women who exercised during and after chemotherapy had improved activated lymphocytes and reduced inflammation. The exercise program improved physical functions and overall quality of life compared to non-exercisers.
A recent study published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention found that women with low physical activity levels and higher body mass indexes were at increased risk of developing breast cancer. Conversely, those who engaged in approximately three METs of exercise per day had a lower risk, suggesting that promoting weight con...
A seven-year study of over 3,000 black and white men and women aged 70 to 79 found that regular exercise reduced the risk of mobility problems by half. Participants who exercised regularly had lower rates of disability and health decline compared to those who were inactive.
A randomised trial found that a brief pain management programme delivered by physiotherapists was as effective as a package of physiotherapy incorporating spinal manual-therapy techniques in treating low back pain. The programme resulted in fewer treatment sessions and referrals to secondary care.
A new study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that short bursts of high-intensity exercise can improve muscle health and endurance capacity similar to traditional endurance training. The study showed a significant increase in citrate synthase, an enzyme indicating tissue oxygen utilization, in trained subjects.
Researchers at USC's IMSC have developed new haptics systems that challenge stroke patients to perform tasks like grasping, pinching, and squeezing in virtual environments. These interfaces provide precise control over rehabilitation programs, allowing physical therapists to tailor exercises to each patient's level of impairment.
A six-month exercise program improved body fat, muscle strength, and fitness levels in older men and women. Despite weight loss, bone mineral density remained stable or even increased slightly among those who achieved greater gains in fitness.
A UCLA study suggests that comprehensive health screenings and in-home visits by nurse practitioners can significantly lower the number of health risks faced by adults with developmental disabilities. The research found that nearly half of participants were overweight or obese, while over a third experienced moderate to severe pain.
A new study suggests that strenuous exercise followed by exposure to environmental antigens may promote over-production of antibodies, leading to asthma-like airway disease. The research also found a similar 'window of susceptibility' in athletes and horses, linking the development of conditions like heaves and ski asthma.
A recent study published in Psychology of Women Quarterly found that yoga can help women buffer against negative messages about body image and self-acceptance. The research suggests that practicing yoga may lead to improved mental health outcomes, particularly for individuals at high risk of developing eating disorders.
A new study found that exercise can reduce the risk of colon cancer recurrence and death by 40-50% in early-stage patients. Patients with high activity levels, ranking in the top two-fifths of the group, experienced this benefit.
The study found that physicians who helped create plans for physical activity and followed up with patients were more likely to see increased physical activity. The physical environment also played a significant role, with active individuals reporting shorter walking times to community facilities.
Researchers found that exercising in cold water led to a 44% higher caloric intake compared to warm water or resting periods. The study suggests that environmental conditions during exercise may influence post-exercise appetite, and individuals should consider the kinds of foods they eat after exercise.
A study by the University of Alberta found that successful exercisers use plans and action, not pep talks, to maintain regular exercise. Boomer-age women tend to have higher activity levels, while older men are less active due to fear of injury or illness.
Exercise therapy has a small beneficial effect on chronic low back pain but no impact on shorter-term pain, according to two new studies. A plant-based low-fat diet is also better at lowering LDL cholesterol levels than a similar diet without veggies.
A study of nearly 4,500 men and women found that full-time workers who spent more time on sedentary activities engaged in significantly less exercise than part-time workers. This is likely due to the limited free time available to full-time workers, leading to a greater reliance on leisure activities.
Researchers found that a personalized physical exercise and Mediterranean-style diet plan improved vascular structure and function in volunteers with pre-clinical cardiovascular disease risk factors. Average VO2 max increased by 3.2 mL/min/kg, while body weight decreased significantly.
The NCR network tested its disease surveillance system, ESSENCE, in a simulated bioterrorist attack to identify areas for improvement and enhancement. The exercise showcased the system's effectiveness in providing early warning alerts to public health officials.
A new study found that exercise can delay the development of Alzheimer's-like brain changes in mice by decreasing beta-amyloid levels. Exercise was shown to improve learning and memory in mice with AD-like pathology, suggesting a potential mechanism for reducing cognitive decline.
Researchers found that many runners dilute their sodium levels during long races due to excessive water intake. The study recommends individualized fluid-replacement consumption for all competing athletes to prevent hyponatremia, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Older adults with mild hypertension did not experience significant reductions in blood pressure through exercise alone, according to a new study. However, those who lost fat and gained muscle showed more substantial benefits.
Researchers found that adolescents averaging five minutes of vigorous physical activity per day were leaner and fitter than their peers. This suggests that general exercise recommendations for adolescents should encourage vigorous physical activity to help them maintain a healthy weight.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise and stress management training lower average depression scores and reduce distress in patients with stable heart disease. These interventions also improve certain cardiovascular risk markers, suggesting potential benefits for patients with ischemic heart disease.
A randomized trial found that exercise and stress management training improved physiological markers of cardiovascular health, including blood flow to the heart and vascular endothelial function. These non-pharmaceutical approaches also showed promise in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improving baroreflex sensitivity.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) recommends a multi-faceted approach to treating obesity, including lifestyle changes, weight-loss drugs, and bariatric surgery. ACP identifies six valid weight-loss drugs, but emphasizes the need for frank discussions about potential side effects and lack of long-term efficacy data.