Articles tagged with Cancer Genetics
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
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Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found genetic mutations in PHF9 disrupt critical intracellular repair mechanisms, leading to Fanconi Anemia's serious complications. The discovery highlights the importance of PHF9 as a potent cog in DNA repair machinery, with potential implications for preventing excessive DNA damage and cancer.
Measuring DNA repair enzyme OGG activity found a significant association with lung cancer risk. Smokers and nonsmokers with low OGG activity had higher lung cancer risk compared to those with normal activity levels, with smokers being at greater risk due to smoking alone.
A new blood test can detect smokers with low levels of DNA repair enzyme OGG1, which increases their risk of lung cancer by 5-10 times. The test may help inform smoking cessation decisions for high-risk individuals.
A recent study found that the TGFBR1*6A gene is associated with a 26% increase in cancer risk, particularly for breast, ovarian, and colon cancers. The study's findings suggest that genetic testing and counseling can help identify individuals at high risk and provide targeted prevention strategies.
A genetic dictionary has been developed to understand the role of newly identified genes and their functions, which can aid in identifying unknown genes involved in cell division and cancer. The dictionary is based on gene activity data from four organisms and provides a context for understanding genetic words.
A new study by Northwestern University researchers reveals that nearly 80% of patients have a moderate or high genetic risk for adult-onset conditions. Using family history questionnaires and three-generation pedigrees, the team identified twice as many individuals at increased risk than documented in patient charts.
Research suggests that a mutation in a tyrosine kinase receptor gene, when combined with aml1-eto gene mutation, can cause acute myeloid leukemia in mice. This discovery raises the possibility of new treatments targeting these genes to control the disease.
A team of researchers analyzed ancient DNA from Joseph Merrick, aka the Elephant Man, to uncover the cause of his severe deformities. The study revealed that Merrick likely suffered from Proteus syndrome, while some experts suggest he may have had both Proteus syndrome and neurofibromatosis.
Research identifies three SNPs in PSA gene promoter that increase serum PSA levels, suggesting genotyping may improve prostate cancer detection sensitivity. The findings suggest a lower cutoff value for PSA testing for men with reduced PSA promoter genotype.
A study found a strong correlation between genetic polymorphisms in two genes and lung cancer risk in smokers. Mutations in both XPD and cyclin D1 (CCND1) occurred more often in lung cancer patients, increasing the risk of lung cancer among individuals with a smoking history.
Researchers discover mutant gene in mice causing premature ovarian failure, which may be factor in human infertility and cancer. The findings provide a molecular foothold into the process of egg activation and maturation, potentially leading to new contraceptive methods.
Researchers have identified a genetic marker, MSR1, that increases prostate cancer risk in African-American men. The study, which recruited over 400 black men from Flint, Mich., found that rare germ-line mutations were associated with an increased risk.
A new study connects a powerful cancer-causing protein to a gene associated with Werner syndrome, a disease causing premature aging. Researchers suggest developing drugs that interfere with the WRN gene's anti-aging properties to block Myc's tumor-promoting activity.
A study by University of Illinois Chicago nutrition scientists reveals a potential genetic link between selenium and breast cancer prevention. The research identifies specific versions of a gene that may require more selenium in the diet for cancer-preventive benefits.
Researchers found that twins who started menstruating earlier were more likely to develop breast cancer, suggesting a link between puberty hormones and genetic susceptibility. The study provides new insights into the causes of hereditary breast cancer and potential targets for intervention.
Researchers found NRAS mutations in 95% of primary hereditary melanomas, but only 10% of sporadic melanomas. The study suggests a link between UV light exposure and the activation of NRAS mutations in early stages of melanoma development.
Researchers at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center have developed a gene screen that can accurately predict which chemotherapy regimens will be effective for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The test is 75% accurate in forecasting complete eradication of cancer, eliminating the need for trial and error.
Researchers have identified a genetic link between Fanconi's Anemia and pancreatic cancer, finding that faulty FA-related genes can make cancer cells susceptible to certain treatments. This discovery may lead to improved treatment options for patients with early-onset pancreatic cancer caused by gene mutations.
Mutations in the MSH6 gene occur in at least 1.6 percent of women with endometrial cancer, increasing their risk for developing certain cancers later in life. This study suggests that these mutations may be inherited and recommends genetic testing for family members.
Researchers Ronald M. Evans and Pierre Chambon received the prize for their discovery of nuclear hormone receptors and its impact on human physiology and disease prevention. The award highlights the significance of their work in developing new treatments for cancer, diabetes, and other diseases.
Researchers have created a colony of mice that can fight off aggressive cancer cells, shedding light on a previously unrecognized mechanism of host resistance. The discovery may hold promise for developing better therapies or prevention methods against cancer in humans.
The E2F3 protein plays a crucial role in controlling cell division. A study found that its absence can lead to increased genetic instability and centrosome proliferation, which may contribute to cancer development. The researchers discovered that cells without E2F3 were more likely to develop into tumors, especially when combined with ...
A study found a nearly two-fold increased risk of lung cancer among relatives of smokers, but no evidence of an increased risk among relatives of non-smokers. The researcher hopes to identify high-risk subgroups and develop tailored interventions or screening programs.
A study by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found a link between lower dietary folate intake and increased risk of bladder cancer, particularly in individuals with genetic instability. The researchers suggest limiting exposure to DNA-damaging agents and consuming foods rich in folates to reduce the risk.
A recent study found that genes determining breast density are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Additionally, researchers discovered a compound called YC-1 that slows tumor growth in mice by blocking angiogenesis, potentially leading to new cancer treatments.
Dr. Nie constructs smart nanoparticle probes to recognize DNA sequences and genetic mutations, enabling early cancer diagnosis and personalized medicine. The nanobeacons can profile multiple genes and proteins simultaneously, allowing for individualized cancer treatments based on molecular differences.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Emory University have developed improved molecular beacons for detecting viruses and cancer cells in living cells. The beacons use fluorescent dyes and oligonucleotides to target specific genetic sequences, producing a distinct optical signal when excited by light.
The new center at Dana-Farber will conduct therapeutic antibody research, providing high affinity human single-chain antibodies to support cancer research globally. Marasco's laboratory has constructed a large phage display library to quickly isolate antibodies against various cancer targets.
A recent study by Penn researchers refutes prior research findings on the mental health impact of genetic testing for breast cancer. The study found that genetic testing is a tool for establishing truth and examining health strategies, rather than a source of anxiety.
The Prostate Cancer Series assesses the epidemiology of prostate cancer, highlighting the impact of genetic and environmental risk factors. Despite progress in understanding diet-related risks, familial clustering, and ethnic variation remain poorly understood, presenting opportunities for further research.
The Alliance has awarded grants to Dr. Andrew Davidoff, Dr. Thomas Griffith, and Dr. Jeffrey Bartlett to develop gene therapies targeting neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. The research holds promise for improved quality of life and reduced side effects for cancer patients.
Dr. Teitell's discovery of the animal model may uncover genetic mutations that cause certain types of blood cancers. The model could lead to new therapies by identifying cell pathways involved in cancer growth.
Researchers found that family members who are not genetically at risk may feel left out of discussions about disease prevention. Mothers play a crucial role in facilitating information sharing within families, according to the study.
Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center successfully eradicated cancer in mice using targeted immunotherapy with engineered human T cells. The study, published in Nature Medicine, demonstrates the first-in-vivo efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy with engineered human T cells in mice.
Researchers found that mice with a specific gene (Hic1) developed cancers at an older age, depending on their sex. Female mice developed lymphomas and sarcomas, while male mice developed epithelial cancers. The study provides evidence of epigenetic problems leading to cancer in mice.
The annual conference discussed sex differences in development, immune system responses, and hormone effects on disease progression. Key findings included the role of microchimerism, fetal cells in maternal circulation, and steroid hormones in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and breast cancer.
Researchers have identified a gene called takeout that plays a key role in controlling the sex drive of male fruit flies. Takeout is regulated by sex-specific forms of the master gene regulators DSX and FRU, and its expression in the head is required for normal courtship behavior.
Researchers found that depression is influenced by additive genetic effects on temperament dimensions, which interact with individual environmental experiences. People predisposed to harm avoidance or high reward dependence are more likely to develop depression.
Researchers create animal model that develops three types of lymphoma, shedding light on genetic mutations and cell signal pathways. The discovery holds promise for developing new treatments to block cancer-causing signals.
A study published in Immunity reveals that the MEF protein plays a critical role in the development and function of natural killer cells, which can recognize and kill cancer cells. The findings provide a new target for therapeutic interventions, potentially improving bone marrow transplant strategies.
Research suggests that smoking during adolescence increases the risk of breast cancer in women by 70%, particularly those who start smoking within five years of menarche. This is due to the sensitivity of human breast tissue to environmental carcinogens during periods of rapid cell proliferation, such as puberty.
Researchers have identified three new genes in a rhesus monkey rhadinovirus with high structural similarity to those in human herpesvirus-8, paving the way for future studies using recombinant viruses. The goal is to develop targeted drug therapies against specific KSHV genes to prevent virus spread and cancer induction.
The initiative involves over 50 investigators in Seattle and Vancouver, B.C., aiming to develop improved therapies for men with recurrent or advanced disease. Prostate cancer affects one in six men, with an estimated 189,000 diagnoses this year and 30,200 deaths.
A study published in Science reveals a new risk factor for colon cancer, associated with the Bloom syndrome gene mutation. Researchers found that individuals carrying the mutated gene had nearly three times the risk of developing colon cancer compared to those without the mutation.
A genetic mutation common among Ashkenazi Jews can double the risk of colorectal cancer. Researchers discovered this relationship through an international study analyzing DNA from nearly 3,100 individuals.
A recent study published in New England Journal of Medicine found that genetically identical twin pairs had similar breast densities, while non-identical pairs had breast densities about half as similar. This suggests that genetic factors play a major role in explaining why women of the same age have different breast density.
Researchers develop novel approach to treat thalassemias by blocking aberrant RNA splicing. The new virus effectively repairs existing RNA, restoring correct hemoglobin production and offering a lifeline for patients.
Smithies' groundbreaking work on gene targeting has led to thousands of mouse models simulating human diseases, enabling rapid advances in diagnosis and treatment. His research using genetically altered mice has also shed light on high blood pressure, a major human problem.
A recent study suggests that breast cancer susceptibility gene may be associated with lower penetrance than previously estimated. Genetic counselors must consider multiple risk factors when predicting an individual's risk for breast cancer, as the presence of a BRCA mutation does not define her overall risk.
The Center for Molecular Imaging will combine cutting-edge imaging technologies with new knowledge about genes and proteins to develop ways of seeing cancer as it begins, grows, and is killed. The laboratory discoveries made by its scientists could accelerate everything from diagnosis to the development of future medications.
Researchers at UW-Madison have identified genetic elements in soil-dwelling bacteria that produce potent anticancer agents. The discovery enables mass production and manipulation of these chemicals, offering a promising alternative to existing treatments.
Researchers developed a model predicting increased cancer cure rates by 15-70% using genetic radiotherapy, combining radiation and viral infection. The technique makes tumor cells more sensitive to x-rays, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers have found a gene mutation that causes acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children with Down syndrome, increasing their risk by 10-20 times. The discovery highlights the importance of GATA1, a transcription factor regulating red blood cell and platelet production.
Researchers have found that a gene repair mechanism called MBD4 enzyme can reduce gene mutations in mice, which are up to three times more common without the enzyme. This discovery may aid in understanding how cancer develops and finding new treatments.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center found that smokers who knew they were genetically susceptible to smoking-related cancers were no more likely to quit than those who didn't know. However, the study also showed that this knowledge did not undermine motivation to quit, contrary to initial concerns. The research suggests tha...
A study found that genetic mutation penetrance for melanoma varies by geographic location, with higher risks in countries like the US and Australia. Researchers suggest environmental factors contribute to this variation, contradicting previous assumptions about gene mutations and their impact on disease expression.
Researchers have developed a way to modify genes that create maytansinoids, potentially making them more effective against tumors and better tolerated by patients. The technique uses genetic engineering to alter the chemical structure of the anti-cancer agents, reducing toxicity and improving efficacy.
Researchers develop genetic fingerprint technique to distinguish between various subtypes of adult soft-tissue sarcomas, leading to improved diagnosis and targeted therapies. The technology also helps predict patient outcome and resistance to treatment.
Researchers discovered PRDX3, a key powerhouse enzyme, plays a crucial role in controlling tumor growth. By manipulating PRDX3 activation, tumors can be halted or accelerated. Understanding this pathway could lead to new cancer treatments.
Scientists conducted a study on genetic markers in families with multiple members diagnosed with schizophrenia, finding potential associations on chromosome 1q. However, these genes are thought to influence only a small proportion of patients, highlighting the complexity of unraveling complex diseases.