Articles tagged with Cancer Screening
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A randomized controlled trial found that a top-down approach to promoting colorectal cancer screening in physician organizations had no effect on increasing screening rates. However, the study identified key characteristics, such as integrated medical groups and regular physical exams, which could be targeted for future interventions.
A study found that CT colonography can detect cancer lesions and polyps with nearly the same sensitivity as colonoscopy, avoiding fatal perforations but potentially leading to more cancer-related deaths. The method's higher cost is offset by its non-invasive nature and appeal to patients.
A study found that managed care programs failed to increase colorectal cancer screening rates, with only 26% of eligible patients receiving screening. The intervention program aimed to improve screening practices but had little impact after two years.
A study in New Hampshire found that many women, especially older ones, are not getting regular mammograms. The researchers used registry data to track actual use, finding 36% of women over 40 had never had a mammogram or hadn't had one in 27 months.
A study published in Cancer journal found that tumor size decreased significantly between 1975 and 1999, explaining 61% of the increased survival rate in localized breast cancer. Adjusting for tumor size diminished the magnitude of the survival increase within each stage category.
A study of 9,802 NYC residents found that nearly half are not undergoing timely screening for colon cancer, with lower uptake among African-Americans, women, and those with limited access to healthcare. The researchers emphasize the need for targeted interventions to increase screening rates in poor and uninsured communities.
A study of 1,351 deceased women and 2,501 cancer-free women found similar screening rates among both groups. Women with increased risk showed a 26% reduction in mortality, but this was not statistically significant.
The largest study to date provides valuable insights into flexible sigmoidoscopy screening among 154,942 participants aged 55-74. Findings show that women are more likely to decline FSG than men, while non-acceptance increases with age in women. The rate of cancer detected was 2.9 per 1,000 individuals screened.
A national survey found that nearly half of Americans believe misconceptions about cancer, including that surgical treatment spreads the disease. The study suggests that public education interventions are needed to address these misconceptions among vulnerable populations.
A telephone survey found that celebrity endorsements increased awareness and likelihood of certain cancer screenings, including mammography, PSA testing, and sigmoidoscopy. The study highlights the complex decision-making process around cancer screening, suggesting a need for celebrities to inform rather than persuade the public.
Researchers found that smokers receiving multiple abnormal CT scans were more likely to quit smoking and remain smoke-free. The study suggests that abnormal lung cancer screening results can serve as a psychological push for smokers to quit, leading to increased success rates.
A massive study is examining prostate cancer screening practices to determine their impact on death rates. The study follows 75,000 men, half of whom are screened and half receive conventional care, allowing researchers to compare survival rates.
Hexaminolevulinate, a fluorescence-inducing compound, enables early detection of superficial bladder cancer lesions. This increases the five-year survival rate to 90% and reduces recurrence rates.
Physician experience and annual mammogram volume are associated with improved mammographic accuracy, according to a US study. Physicians who interpret 2,500-4,000 mammograms annually have lower false-positive rates and miss fewer cancers compared to those with less volume.
A study of over 1.2 million mammograms found that experienced physicians detected cancer with higher accuracy and had lower rates of false positives. The research suggests that raising the minimum annual volume requirements for qualified mammographers could improve the overall quality of screening mammography in the US.
A new test, NMP22 tumor marker assay, has been shown to be three times more effective than a traditional laboratory test in detecting bladder cancer. The test can detect the disease in patients with blood in their urine and certain risk factors, such as smoking and exposure to chemicals.
A study of 61,688 women found that adding clinical breast examination to mammography screening detected an additional 25 cancers, but also led to false positive reports and increased biopsies in women with dense breasts
Women diagnosed with breast cancer through physical examination are more likely to undergo chemotherapy and mastectomy compared to those detected by screening mammography. The study found that cancers detected by mammography were smaller and had lower rates of lymph node spread, allowing for less-toxic treatment options.
A recent study found that false positive cancer screening test results can lead to substantial medical care costs, affecting both men and women. The research highlights the importance of considering not only the clinical benefits but also potential adverse effects of new screening tests.
A UCLA study of 22,343 adults aged 50+ in California found that 54% had a recent CRC test, with disparities seen among Latinos, women, and those without insurance or continuity of care. Improving access to screening through policies and education programs can help address these gaps.
Dr. Jeffrey K. Springston, a UGA professor, has been awarded a $3 million grant to investigate the effectiveness of CD-ROMs versus person-to-person telephone consultations for promoting breast cancer screening. The study aims to determine which method is more cost-effective and can help increase mammography screenings among women.
A study found that African-American and Native American women had less information and more inaccurate beliefs about breast cancer screening compared to Caucasian women. Women cited pain, embarrassment, and lack of time as major reasons for not getting screened, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
The Hmong community in California is disproportionately affected by certain types of cancer, such as nasopharyngeal and liver cancer, which are often diagnosed at late stages. This is largely due to limited access to education, awareness, and screening services, highlighting the need for increased efforts to address these disparities.
A study found that late-stage breast cancer cases were often associated with an absence of screening, followed by absence of detection or a potential breakdown in follow-up care. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and those without a family history of breast cancer were more likely to be in the absence-of-screening group.
A study of over 67,000 men found blacks are 35% less likely than whites to undergo PSA testing, with disparities in healthcare access and education levels potentially contributing factors
A recent study found that cancer survivors are less likely to receive recommended medical care for their chronic diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and strokes. The authors conclude that cancer patients' other medical issues may be ignored due to a focus on the prior malignancy.
A study of 72,417 women found that many began mammography between ages 35-40 and delayed follow-up. Women without insurance or a primary care doctor faced longer delays in starting screening. The authors suggest encouraging prompt return to screening may be more critical than initial start.
A study published in JAMA Network found that women with breast cancer detected by mammography screening have better estimated 10-year distant disease-free survival rates compared to those without screening. The researchers also discovered that tumors detected through screening had a lower risk of distant recurrence, suggesting that mam...
Research finds full-body CT scanning increases cancer mortality risk associated with radiation exposure, posing a significant threat to asymptomatic adults. The effective dose of radiation from a single scan is comparable to atomic-bomb survivors' doses, leading to an estimated lifetime risk of cancer in one in 50 people.
A national study led by UC Davis researchers found that surveillance colonoscopies are performed more frequently than necessary, with 24% of gastroenterologists recommending unnecessary procedures. The study suggests that implementation of clinical guidelines can help optimize patient care and reduce healthcare burden.
A study found that only 6% of women received ten mammograms, and disparities in usage were seen among Hispanic, African-American, and Asian women as well as those from lower economic status. Regular mammograms significantly reduce breast cancer death risk, highlighting the need for improved screening adherence.
A recent analysis of lung cancer screening studies found that CT scans do not save lives and may even be counterproductive. The study's authors estimated that between 4.1 and 5.5 patients per thousand would die of lung cancer after screening, similar to the mortality rate without screening.
A randomized trial found that direct mailing of fecal occult blood tests increased colorectal cancer screening rates by 16.9% among those who received kits and 23.2% among those with reminders, compared to 1.5% for the control group.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in US women over 45, with inadequate screening contributing to high mortality rates. Women often fail to receive aggressive risk factor management, exacerbating poor outcomes compared to men.
A prospective study found that CAD significantly improves cancer detection rates, particularly for calcifications, while reducing recall rates slightly. The results indicate that CAD is an effective way to double-read mammograms without the need for a second radiologist.
A recent survey conducted by Case Western Reserve University found that most dental hygienists prioritize oral cancer screening but often fall short in performing head and neck examinations and counseling patients about tobacco use. The study emphasizes the crucial role of dental professionals in early detection and treatment.
The Cancer Screening Project for Women found that unmarried women are less likely to obtain regular cancer screenings due to assumptions about their relationships. The study's findings suggest that a trusting relationship with at least one provider who knows about the woman's life and sexual history is crucial for her health care.
A South African doctor is criticizing the government's prioritization of arms deals over women's health, citing a lack of investment in breast cancer care. The doctor urges developed countries to apply political pressure to help build better breast cancer care in Africa.
The study found that 97.5% of patients with DCIS underwent surgery, but there is a wide variation in treatment approaches, including the use of mastectomy, radiation therapy, and axillary dissection. The incidence of DCIS increased by 73% between 1992 and 1999, highlighting the need for standardized treatment recommendations.
A study found that a quarter of 50-69-year-old women had dense breast patterns more commonly associated with younger women. Breast cancer screening in postmenopausal women is effective, but cancers can still go undetected due to high mammographic density.
A recent study found racial disparities in the delivery of care to black and white rectal cancer patients. Black patients were diagnosed at a younger age and had more advanced disease, leading to differences in treatment outcomes. The study suggests that improved access to state-of-the-art surgical care for minority patients with recta...
A study found that sigmoidoscopies are often inadequate in older women, with a significant increase in failures to reach the colon's lower third. The study suggests that age-related factors, such as bowel preparation difficulties and anatomical variations, may contribute to these findings.
A national survey found that most US adults believe routine cancer screening is 'almost always a good idea'. However, respondents also expressed concerns about the potential risks and harms of screening, including false positives and overtreatment. The study highlights the need for balanced information about cancer screening to inform ...
A national survey found that most American adults support routine cancer screening, but many have misconceptions about its benefits. The study suggests a need to balance messages and reduce overtesting and overtreatment.
A nationally representative sample of 7,889 men aged 75+ reported undergoing PSA screening tests, with 32.5% of elderly men screened in the past year. This highlights concerns about physicians suggesting unnecessary screenings to patients.
Women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are more likely to have smaller tumors and earlier-stage cancer diagnosis due to regular mammography screening. The study found that HRT use is associated with improved breast cancer prognosis, particularly in women who receive estrogen-blocking drugs such as tamoxifen.
A study of annual CT screenings found that 80% of diagnosed Stage I lung cancers were curable. Long-term follow-up showed a high cure rate for patients with screen-diagnosed lung cancer who underwent surgery. The findings support the use of widespread annual low-dose CT screening in high-risk smokers to detect early-stage lung cancer.
A recent study found that people who underwent lung cancer screening were motivated to quit smoking. The study suggests that cancer screening may present an opportunity for health-care providers to offer smoking cessation resources.
Commentaries question the benefit of early breast cancer screening for women aged 40-49, citing higher mortality rates among screened women. Experts highlight possible biologic explanations and the importance of informed consent, while also warning of potential harms such as false positives and overtreatment.
A recent study found that men aged 55-74 who received regular prostate cancer screenings every 4 years had a low rate of interval cancers. The screening procedure showed an 85.5% high sensitivity rate for detecting cancers, suggesting that very few aggressive prostate cancers escape screening.
A recent study found that North American mammographers are more likely to interpret mammograms as abnormal, leading to higher rates of false positives and unnecessary follow-up procedures. The study analyzed data from 32 community-based screening programs in North America and compared outcomes with those in other countries.
Researchers found no benefit to regular screenings for women without risk factors after a hysterectomy. The cost of screenings per year of life saved can be up to $12 million, highlighting the need for more targeted screening strategies.
Researchers Peter Sasieni and Jack Cuzick argue that starting mammographic screening at age 47 can save more life-years than current guidelines. They claim that the incidence rate of breast cancer is as great in women aged 48-49 years as it is in those aged 50-54 years, making earlier screening a viable option.
A new test using ProPSA detected prostate cancer at lower PSA levels, identifying more aggressive forms of the disease. The test improved detection of early aggressive cancer in men who may not have been caught until it was too late.
A study suggests that extending screening intervals could reduce lead-time bias and overdetection rates associated with prostate cancer screenings. The research estimates a potential 60-90% increase in prostate cancer incidence, highlighting the need to weigh benefits against risks.
A study of 54 BRCA-positive women found that MRI improved sensitivity in detecting breast cancer, but a significant number had abnormal exams that were later determined not to be cancerous. No woman developed cancer within 12 months of a normal MRI exam.
A study reviewed the records of 367 high-risk women who underwent MR imaging screening and found that 59 required biopsies, with 17 cases revealing new cancers not detected on mammograms or physical exams. The majority of detected cancers were ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS), an early stage of breast cancer.
A study found that sigmoidoscopy screening significantly reduces distal colorectal cancer incidence, with a four-fold reduction in incidence for individuals who had ever had a screening. This reduction was sustained for more than 15 years, supporting longer screening intervals.
Despite preferring virtual colonoscopy due to its less invasive nature, patients generally dislike the bowel preparation required for both tests. The study found that most patients reported little pain or difficulty with either procedure, but many expressed discomfort with the advance bowel preparation.
A new computerized survey has been developed to identify cancer survivors who are in greatest need of psychological counseling. The study found three key risk factors associated with psychological distress: dissatisfaction with physical appearance, poor physical health, and treatment with cranial radiation.