Articles tagged with Pediatrics
A fatal rabies case in an 11-year-old boy underscores the risks of human contact with bats, even without visible bites or scratches. Prompt post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is crucial to prevent death from rabies if administered promptly after exposure.
The study, conducted by Stanford Medicine scientists, found that family-based therapy and psychoeducational motivational therapy can effectively treat ARFID in children. Family-based therapy empowers parents to manage their child's food and nutrition, while psychoeducational motivational therapy puts the child in charge.
A nanosensor developed to study cardiovascular disease successfully distinguishes autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from intellectual disability (ID), even when both conditions share the same genetic mutation. This method measures real-time nitric oxide production in patient-derived stem cells, offering a new diagnostic pathway for ASD.
A nationwide Japanese study of over 82,000 children found that exclusive breastfeeding for six months significantly reduces the risk of short sleep duration at one year of age. The study also suggests that breast milk's adaptability to infant needs and its melatonin content help regulate healthy sleep rhythms.
Global newborn mortality from birth asphyxia and trauma has declined, but progress is slowing in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Countries with lower scores on human development indices experienced slower mortality declines, highlighting the need for targeted investments to close the equity gap.
A study of 193 countries finds that armed conflict leads to more measles cases, even a year after fighting ends. Socioeconomic decline is the strongest connection between conflict and measles, as it erodes health foundations and population vulnerability.
A newly developed open-source tool called Talos is highly effective at detecting new rare disease diagnoses. The tool automates the reanalysis process of stored DNA data, integrating monthly updates of new knowledge about genes and variants to identify potential new diagnoses.
A team of researchers has identified a distinct blood protein pattern that can accurately diagnose pediatric inflammatory bowel disease and differentiate between its two main forms. The discovery, using proteomics technology, showed high accuracy in identifying IBD and distinguishing ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease.
A systematic review and network meta-analysis found that combining lifestyle treatment with obesity medications resulted in significant short-term weight loss and improved body composition in adolescents. Health behavior remained crucial to effective weight management.
Adolescents who spend at least two hours a day on social media are more likely to experience depressive symptoms and poorer wellbeing, with the strongest effects seen in girls aged 12–13 years. The study, which followed almost 1,200 children from age nine to 19, highlights the need for policies that reduce excessive screentime.
Baylor College of Medicine researcher Dr. Jimmy Holder and his team will join the ARIA IMPACT Network to accelerate clinical trial readiness and implementation for promising therapies on autism. The collaboration aims to better understand how autism develops and changes over time in children with profound autism.
Researchers describe a novel disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the TMEM63B gene, resulting in severe lung disease. The disorder presents with early onset respiratory distress, lung abnormalities, and developmental delay but no epilepsy.
Researchers at Texas Children's Hospital identified a set of dysfunctional genes and specific cell types that are vulnerable to genetic changes in female mice modeling Rett syndrome before symptoms appear. They found that even healthy cells with normal MECP2 gene had changes in gene activity due to neighboring defective cells.
The PediQEESI is a new pediatric adaptation of the QEESI questionnaire to assess chemical intolerance in children. It can help identify patterns among symptoms, exposures, and daily functioning, enabling parents and clinicians to avoid future exposure and trigger symptoms.
Hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections often have underlying chronic conditions that require intensive care. The study found that these patients are at a higher risk of severe disease and death. Understanding the epidemiologic profile of this population can help optimize outcomes for pediatric patients.
Researchers identify key mechanisms and molecular targets to prevent tumor progression in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare soft tissue cancer affecting young children. Two new treatment possibilities have been highlighted, targeting the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling axis and protein TAK1.
A study published in British Journal of Sports Medicine found that 141 minutes of moderate screen time per day can lead to quicker recovery from concussion in youth. Screen time type also matters, with smartphone and TV use associated with faster symptom resolution.
A study found that implementing earlier egg introduction guidelines resulted in measurable decreases in egg allergy cases. The updated guidelines, based on randomized trial evidence, may contribute to a reduction in food allergy prevalence when effectively implemented.
A cohort study found that smartphone acquisition at age 13 was linked to increased risk of insufficient sleep at age 14. Excessive smartphone use was also tied to higher odds of depression and obesity. Limiting screen time may protect adolescents from these outcomes.
A systematic review of 73 studies found that early diet may shape cognitive performance and academic outcomes in adolescents. Unhealthy dietary patterns in infancy have lasting consequences for intelligence in adolescence, according to the study.
A multinational clinical trial found that balanced crystalloid fluid and 0.9% saline are equally safe and effective for treating septic shock in children. The study enrolled over 9,000 children and showed no difference in outcomes between the two IV fluids.
A new handheld probe using broadband optical spectroscopy (BOS) reliably identifies early stages of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. The noninvasive device measures infrared light reflecting off the intestines and detects color changes indicative of threatened tissue.
A new study found that irregular sleep patterns, including variability in timing and duration, are associated with lower receptive vocabulary and visuospatial memory scores in preschool-age children. Despite accounting for total sleep time, greater variability in sleep midpoint was linked to lower verbal performance.
A new study found that safe firearm storage can minimize children's exposure to lead, an environmental toxin. In homes where firearms are not stored or locked, dust lead levels are higher and blood lead levels in children increase by up to 20%.
A nationally representative survey of US adolescents and young adults found that a fifth used AI chatbots for mental health advice. Proactive discussion with parents and clinicians about chatbot use is necessary to promote safety and linkages to evidence-based care.
Research from Harvard Medical School confirms pediatric flu vaccines effectively reduce childhood flu cases, with fall-born children being more likely vaccinated and less likely to catch the flu. The study's findings provide additional support for flu vaccination, highlighting its public health benefits.
A nationally representative study found a nearly 4-fold increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence among US children and adolescents between 10 to 17 years old. The substantial rise is concerning due to the disease's lifetime risk of severe complications and premature deaths.
Researchers at MUSC Hollings Cancer Center have identified a potential way to reduce relapse in medulloblastoma by targeting tumor cells most likely to survive treatment and drive regrowth. The dual-pathway approach, focusing on CK1α, shows promise in preclinical models.
A new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that children who received early, tailored care experienced significant improvements in recovery from concussion. The intervention combined education, physiotherapy, and psychological support, resulting in a 62.5% full recovery rate compared to 37% for those receivin...
Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago has successfully eliminated months of postoperative pain for microtia patients through a minimally invasive nerve freezing procedure. The method, which lasts only 20 minutes, allows patients to enjoy natural ear sensation and appearance without prolonged pain or opioid use.
A study has mapped the development of lung damage in young children with cystic fibrosis, revealing that immune abnormalities begin early in life and persist despite current treatments. The research found that targeted anti-inflammatory therapies may be necessary alongside existing medications to prevent permanent lung damage.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center have developed a new method to produce large, functional human gut organoids with nerve cells, growing them twice as fast as previous methods. These organoids can now be used for patching damage or restoring diminished functions of the small intestine, stomach, or colon.
A phase 2 clinical trial found that burosumab safely restored normal phosphate levels and improved physical function in patients with severe fibrous dysplasia. Key findings include reduced pain, fatigue, and mobility impairment, as well as significant improvements in children's mobility and independence.
Researchers found that iron deficiency may be more common and diagnosable earlier in U.S. school-aged children using a new method, detecting early stages of iron deficiency by looking at changes in red blood cells.
A cohort study found increased pediatric capability was not linked to differences in imaging use by insurance or racial/ethnic groups. Additional efforts are needed to improve quality and equity of care for children.
Researchers found that increasing ADAR2 expression in osteosarcoma cells forces them to differentiate, slowing growth and invasive capacity. The treated cells began producing mineralized matrix, a hallmark of mature bone tissue. In mice, ADAR2-restored tumors were smaller and less invasive.
A national study found that over one in 10 children with medical complexity experienced a reported incident, with medication and device errors being the most common types. The study calls for targeted interventions to keep these highly vulnerable children safe.
A study derived 'achievable benchmarks of care' (ABCs) using electronic health record data to set realistic performance goals for pediatric emergency departments. The new benchmarks highlight gaps between typical and top-performing clinician performance, particularly in domains such as pain reduction and asthma management.
Researchers discovered that children who take risks during play are quicker and more efficient at making safe decisions when crossing busy streets. This challenge traditional assumptions about letting children take risks, highlighting the importance of playful risk-taking in developing judgment skills.
A new study suggests that the specific sedatives used during critical illness in early childhood may have long-term implications for a child's neurocognitive development. The research found that treatment with dexmedetomidine, rather than opioids and benzodiazepines alone, was associated with better neurocognitive outcomes.
A new study found a steady rise in children's mental health concerns during routine primary care visits, with anxiety-related visits increasing by 300% over 10 years. The study highlights the growing role of pediatric primary care in addressing mental health needs and calls for more training and resources to support this shift.
A new study presents dual immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using RSVpreF and nirsevimab, showing reduced hospitalizations among infants in France. The study found that this combined approach demonstrates potential for enhanced RSV prevention and protection
A national poll reveals that most parents value private conversations between teens and healthcare providers during checkups, but few actually provide such opportunities. Experts suggest that these barriers can hinder young people from seeking care for sensitive issues like mental health and reproductive health.
The study found substantial state-level variation in HPV vaccine uptake, with Northeastern states exhibiting higher rates and Southern states showing lower rates. Several sociodemographic factors were not significant predictors of vaccination rates, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve vaccine uptake.
Research suggests that exposure to environmental pollutants in early life can negatively affect bone development. A study of 88 healthy infants found associations between certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals and lower bone mineral density, emphasizing the importance of protecting vulnerable windows during pregnancy and after birth.
Researchers have mapped the structure and mechanics of a critical cellular machine that malfunctions in people with rare genetic disorders. The discovery could lead to new treatments and faster diagnoses for children with conditions like infantile encephalopathy, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and Kenny-Caffey syndrome.
A new commercially available lithium coin-cell battery with protective features has been launched, marking a significant step forward in household child safety. The AAO-HNS applauds this innovation, calling on all manufacturers to follow and use the most advanced battery option available.
A new trial aims to test an AI-powered tool that detects signs of infection in children undergoing cancer treatment. The custom app, which utilizes Apple Watch data, may help clinicians intervene sooner and reduce hospital stays.
Researchers treated 75 children with peanut allergies using slow up-dosing and low maintenance dosing. After three years, 82% of the treatment group could eat at least 3.5 peanuts without an allergic reaction.
Dr. Lisa M. Satlin, a renowned pediatrician-scientist, has been awarded the ASPN Founders' Award for her lifetime contributions to pediatric nephrology through research, education, and clinical care. She has advanced understanding of kidney function and development, with significant implications for hypertension and kidney disease.
The Colorado Asthma-Friendly Schools initiative recognizes 221 schools for their comprehensive asthma management and student health efforts. Over 120,000 students have benefited from the implementation of evidence-based asthma management practices at school.