Articles tagged with Biochemical Processes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers discovered a key process in plant biology that can improve crops' ability to withstand environmental stressors. The study provides guidelines for designing artificial microRNAs, opening the door to improved crop yields in corn, wheat, soybeans, and rice.
Researchers have developed a smart RNA capable of regulating gene expression in response to various signals, enabling the precise design of gene therapies and advanced personalized treatments for diseases.
Researchers designed a novel method using electricity to synthesize methanol from carbon dioxide, increasing efficiency by up to eight times. The process involves cobalt phthalocyanine molecules on carbon nanotubes, with cations enhancing methanol formation.
A German team has developed a photostimulated antigen release system that can be used to precisely study antigen flux in living cells. This method allows for the analysis of complex antigen processing and transport processes in real-time, providing new insights into immune surveillance.
A team of scientists at Harvard University developed a new RNA synthesis process that produces RNA with efficiencies comparable to current industry standards. The novel method can incorporate all common molecular modifications found in RNA drugs, expanding the RNA therapeutic design space.
Researchers analyzed TREK channels and found that phosphorylation plays a central role in their opening and closing. The study reveals critical interactions between protein dynamics and the channel's selectivity filter. This understanding paves the way for developing new small molecule modulators to target TREK channels.
Researchers, including Assistant Professor James Lewis, are studying the evolution of butterfly wing color patterns as a model for understanding population adaptation to environmental changes. The study aims to understand why some Heliconiine butterflies lose their mimicry phenotype and how this affects their survival.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine discovered that before committing to cell division, cells may stay in a reversible intermediate state for many hours, potentially up to a day. This pre-commitment state allows cells to sense and integrate fluctuating input signals, reducing the chance of inappropriate division.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have identified a molecular mechanism in plant cellular recycling, crucial for managing environmental stress. The ESCRT machine plays a key role in sealing autophagosomes, allowing plants to recycle damaged cell components and recover valuable resources.
Researchers at Harvard University discovered that giant deep-sea vent tubeworms possess two functional carbon fixation pathways, the Calvin-Benson–Bassham (CBB) and reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycles. These pathways are coordinated to enable symbionts to thrive in dynamic and harsh environments.
A new study reveals the underappreciated role of inorganic Zinc particles in ocean cycles, crucial for phytoplankton productivity and carbon sequestration. The Southern Ocean's unique processes regulate the global Zinc cycle, with implications for a changing climate.
A new biomarker database, Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA), has been developed to improve astronaut health, but its findings may also be useful for people on Earth with limited mobility or bedridden conditions. The database provides insights into short and long-term health impacts of spaceflight.
Researchers from Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a biocatalyzed carboxylation reaction using Thermoplasma acidophilum malic enzyme to fix CO2, increasing the yield and sustainability of the process. The method can be tailored for selective synthesis of wider carboxylation products, unlocking new avenues for renewable resources.
Scientists discover that multiciliated cells use cell division to control hair-like projections called cilia. This adaptation breaks the cancer-preventing rule of making only four centrioles per cell, producing hundreds instead.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have developed a method using photobiocatalysis to produce non-canonical amino acids that can be used as building blocks for novel proteins, therapeutics, and natural products. The efficient process is stereoselective and eliminates the need for protecting groups.
Researchers elucidated the spatial structure and molecular mechanisms of 'prime editor,' a novel gene-editing tool that achieves reverse transcription without DNA cutting. This breakthrough contributes to designing gene-editing tools accurate enough for gene therapy treatments, opening new avenues for both basic and applied research.
Researchers discovered that just eight new biochemical reactions can bridge the gap between simple geochemistry and biochemistry, indicating a limited loss of biochemistry to time. This finding suggests that even extinct reactions can be rediscovered from clues left behind in modern biochemistry.
A team of researchers from the University of Maryland has developed a novel way to produce and observe carbenes, a class of highly reactive molecules necessary for life. They successfully formed a carbene called hydroxymethylene (HCOH) by breaking down methanol with pulses of ultraviolet radiation.
The study suggests that memory plays a pivotal role in shaping consciousness, contrasting the idea that computer-based Information Theory provides a sufficient framework for understanding neural memory. The researchers propose a novel perspective that memory underpins consciousness, introducing the concept of a "brain cloud" to illustr...
A region in alpha-synuclein protein aggregates has been identified as a potential therapeutic target to prevent conversion into toxic amyloid fibrils, which accumulate in the brains of people suffering from Parkinson's disease. The discovery opens the door to developing new therapeutic strategies for inactivating these toxic forms.
Scientists from OIST created synthetic droplets to mimic biological processes, finding that pH gradients facilitate Marangoni effect and enabling droplets to detect and migrate towards each other. This study sheds light on the movement of simplest forms of life in primordial soup billions of years ago.
In Brazil, around 90% of sugarcane area uses natural enemies like microorganisms and biochemicals for pest control. Researchers have registered over 629 biological products, with a steady increase in use year after year.
A team of scientists at Tokyo University of Science has discovered a novel substituent migration reaction that enables the creation of complex benzofurans. This breakthrough synthesis method uses alkynyl sulfoxide and trifluoroacetic anhydride to produce highly functionalized benzofurans with high yields.
A new research project, PHOTOZYME, aims to develop photobiocatalytic tools to convert basic chemicals into chiral molecules. The project combines biocatalysis, photochemistry, and directed evolution to create sustainable molecular synthesis.
Researchers from Purdue University have discovered a new process by which petunia flowers use volatile organic compounds to communicate with neighboring plants, revealing a key role for a karrikin-like signaling pathway. The study provides insights into the plant's immune system and its ability to respond to threats.
Researchers at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University developed a new method that enables the efficient production of cysteine-rich peptides and microproteins in their naturally folded 3D structure. The approach uses organic solvents to mimic nature's oxidative folding process, resulting in speeds of over 100,000 times faster than aqueous...
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have created a new machine learning model that can simulate reactive processes in diverse organic materials and conditions. The model, called ANI-1xnr, performs simulations with significantly less computing power and time than traditional quantum mechanics models.
Researchers at Salk Institute unveil an RNA enzyme that can accurately copy functional RNA strands and allow new variants to emerge over time. This discovery brings scientists closer to producing autonomous RNA life in the laboratory, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of the origins of life.
Researchers at Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg developed novel RNA- or DNA-based substances that reliably fight off viral infections in plants. The new approach uses antisense oligonucleotides to target specific viral RNA molecules, achieving an impressive up to 90% success rate against a common virus.
Researchers developed a novel concept to control chemical reactions during catalytic processes by employing light. They proposed an innovative nanosystem that enables rapid and efficient catalyst deactivation without additional chemicals, facilitating controlled reaction rates.
Recent research by scientists at Boyce Thompson Institute reveals that a specific fatty acid produced by gut bacteria directly influences fat metabolism in animals. This discovery sheds light on the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host metabolic health.
Researchers at BESSY II used RIXS and DFT simulations to analyze the electronic structures of fumarate, maleate, and succinate dianions. The study found that maleate is potentially less stable than fumarate and succinate due to its delocalized HOMO orbital, which can lead to weaker binding with molecules or ions.
A team of researchers identified interactions between four compounds governing plant cellular processes in response to stress signals. Liquid-liquid phase separation plays a crucial role in coordinating cellular pathways, allowing plants to thrive and survive in adverse conditions.
Researchers have developed a novel imaging method to study the intricate relationships within a fungal garden cultivated by leafcutter ants. The technique revealed crucial metabolites and enzymes driving plant degradation, highlighting the fungus as the primary degrader of plant materials.
Researchers develop enzyme that can break silicon–carbon bonds in siloxanes, a first step towards rendering chemicals biodegradable. The discovery opens possibilities for natural organisms to degrade siloxane contaminants in wastewater and treat them in the environment.
A recent study by Tokyo University of Science researchers has uncovered the mechanisms by which plants regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings, published in Physiologia Plantarum, reveal that ROS-generating enzymes are activated through two conserved mechanisms involving calcium ions and phosphorylation, ...
Researchers have discovered that RecA protein repairs breaks in double-stranded DNA without unwinding the helix, leading to a new understanding of homologous recombination. This breakthrough has significant implications for breast cancer research and may lead to new treatments.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet used DNA origami to activate the Notch receptor in a new way, revealing it can be activated 'on demand' with the help of a protein called Jag1. The study opens new avenues for understanding the Notch signalling pathway and its role in serious diseases like cancer and Alagille Syndrome.
Researchers at Newcastle University discovered that mixing hydrogen, bicarbonate, and iron-rich magnetite can form organic molecules, including fatty acids. These findings suggest that life's essential molecules could be produced from inorganic chemicals, shedding light on the origins of life on Earth.
Researchers at UTA discovered that using carbonated water in chromatography reduces the technique's Analytical Method Greenness Score (AMGS) making it safer for the environment. The study also showed that carbonated liquids are just as fast and efficient as other liquids used in chromatography.
Researchers at UVA Health System created an 'atlas of atherosclerosis' revealing critical processes that form harmful plaque buildup. The study provides unprecedented insights into atherosclerosis and its impact on coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and strokes.
A recent study by Goethe University Frankfurt has identified a mechanism that could be a suitable starting point for developing novel drugs against leukemia cells. The researchers discovered that the mutated NPM1 gene variant drives pro-autophagic activity, enabling cancer cells to recycle their structures and meet their needs.
Researchers have discovered that the waxy protective barrier around plants plays a role in sending chemical signals to other plants and insects. This discovery might eventually be harnessed to develop stronger plants that can deal with challenging environmental conditions.
Microorganisms in the intestinal flora utilize beta-elimination to break down glycosides, enabling humans to absorb healthy plant natural products. The 'enzyme scissors' mechanism is a universal catalytic principle allowing for efficient cleavage of various glycosides.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz discovered a unique cryptochrome protein in marine bristle worms that distinguishes between sunlight and moonlight. The protein's structure reveals an unusual light-induced change from dimer to monomer arrangements, allowing it to synchronize reproduction with lunar phases.
The University of Oklahoma research project aims to understand how microbes capture carbon dioxide molecules and incorporate them into biomass. The team is also exploring electron bifurcation, a process that enables fuel upcycling reactions, which convert waste molecules into fuel.
Researchers discovered a unique protein in bristle worms that distinguishes between sunlight and moonlight. The protein, L-Cry, disassembles under intense light and forms a stable connection in the dark.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed new polymer membranes that can improve distillation processes, reducing the global energy and water use. The DUCKY polymers use a novel combination of characteristics to selectively bind desirable molecules, making them a promising solution for industries.
Buck Institute researchers discover that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in processed foods increase hunger and test willpower, contributing to overeating and obesity. By understanding the biochemical signaling pathway behind AGEs, scientists may develop strategies to limit their accumulation and promote healthy eating.
Researchers at UVA Health System have developed a powerful new tool to understand how medications affect men and women differently. The model has provided unprecedented insights into biological processes in the liver, helping ensure that new medications will not cause harmful side effects.
UAB researchers have designed minimal nanozymes with the capacity to capture carbon dioxide, applicable for environmental remediation and biotechnology research. These new molecules are formed by peptides of only seven amino acids and can act as metalloenzymes, opening up possibilities in extreme temperatures and pH values.
Researchers at Aarhus University have unraveled the mystery of how lipid layers on cell surfaces accelerate Parkinson's disease misfolding. The study reveals that elevated concentrations cause alpha-synuclein to adopt an upright conformation, leading to easier refolding into dangerous aggregates.
Researchers at University of California - Riverside uncover COVID's Achilles heel - its dependence on key human proteins. By understanding how the virus interacts with human cells, a new class of antiviral medication may be developed to block replication and treatment.
Researchers developed a photoelectrochemical technique to precisely tune the lasing wavelength of microdisk lasers with subnanometric accuracy. The new approach facilitates the fabrication of micro- and nano-laser batches with precise emission wavelengths.
Researchers overcome challenges in synthesizing iron-sulfur proteins by developing a novel protocol that functions in an oxygen-free environment. The protocol uses a combination of protein systems and enzymes to produce mature Fe-S proteins, which has significant implications for synthetic biology and anaerobic enzymology.
A new study by the University of Oldenburg team confirms that radio waves in the VHF range above 116MHz have no impact on migratory birds' magnetic compass sense. This discovery debunks previous theories suggesting mobile communication networks affect the birds' navigation.
Research has clarified how starch granules form in wheat seeds, unlocking diverse potential benefits for various industries. The discovery of the enzyme PHS1 crucial for B-type granule initiation offers opportunities to create variations in starch for different food and industrial applications.
A new study found that high-stress caregivers had higher klotho levels and longer telomeres in specific immune cells, which may provide protection against aging. In contrast, low-stress caregivers showed no significant associations between klotho levels and telomere length.
Researchers from University of Freiburg and University of Cambridge have observed dynamic molecular aggregates in cells for the first time. These condensates play a crucial role in controlling biochemical processes and are regulated by active biological mechanisms, not just physical forces.
A study found that small-molecule autocatalytic reactions can lead to the growth and division of compartments, mimicking cell reproduction. The reaction triggers the formose reaction, which consumes formaldehyde and produces glycolaldehyde, allowing compartments to grow and divide under external influence.