Articles tagged with Nucleotides
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Researchers validated panels of antibodies targeting clinically relevant nucleic acid modifications to visualize antisense oligonucleotides in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The tools enable detection of modified nucleic acids irrespective of sequence, facilitating multiple clinical and pre-clinical workflows.
A new study by researchers from Rice University has uncovered a mechanism by which the identity of nucleotides following a given nucleotide in DNA affects transcription accuracy. The discovery offers insight into hidden factors that influence transcription accuracy and may improve synthetic and therapeutic RNA.
Researchers have uncovered the mechanism by which ATP enters the endoplasmic reticulum, a process crucial for cellular function. The study reveals SLC35B1 as the key transporter protein, providing a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered how C. diff converts a poisonous compound into a usable nutrient, increasing its competitive advantage in the infected gut. The findings point to novel therapeutic strategies, including targeting the TudS enzyme to preserve healthy gut microbiota.
Researchers created optimized DNA hydrogels with fewer nucleic acids, achieving efficient and sustained drug release. The new hydrogel units showed prolonged persistence of at least 168 hours post-administration in mice, contributing to anti-tumor effects.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found compounds in nucleic acids from salmon DNA and torula yeast RNA inhibit cancer cell growth. These compounds may prevent cancer by stopping cell replication.
A new study suggests that incorporating seafood rich in umami, such as fish and shellfish, into vegetable dishes can boost their flavor and make them more appealing. The research uses a mathematical equation to calculate the umami content of various seafood options, finding that even small amounts can greatly enhance the taste.
Researchers have found that RNA polymerase can recognize and transcribe artificial base pairs in the same manner as natural ones, paving the way for custom protein design. This breakthrough could revolutionize medicine by creating new medicines through designer proteins.
Researchers have developed a novel method to quantify all 12 ribonucleotides from small tissue and cell samples, enabling easy measurement without specialized equipment. This breakthrough has significant implications for basic research in biology and medicine, particularly in understanding mitochondrial diseases and cancer.
The research team led by Michal Hocek successfully pushes the boundaries of DNA structure and function. They demonstrate that heavily modified double helices are stable enough to be used in medicine, mimicking natural molecules with therapeutic potential.
Researchers have identified a crucial biological trigger of Huntington's disease, finding that methylation converts an important protein into waste. By targeting this process, they may develop effective therapies for other neurodegenerative diseases.
A specific nucleotide metabolite called GTP controls responses to radiation and chemotherapy in an unexpected way. Increasing GTP levels makes cells resistant to treatment, while lowering them makes cells more sensitive.
Researchers used DNA-PAINT to study base-stacking interactions in DNA strands, finding that adding one more interaction increases stability by up to 250 times. This information allowed them to design a highly efficient three-armed DNA nanostructure with potential biomedical applications.
A Japanese research team has developed a technique that could lead to a new paradigm for genomic analysis using quantum computers. The breakthrough involves identifying single nucleotides, a crucial step toward creating a molecular sequencer of DNA.
Gang Bao's lab receives a 4-year, $2.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health to investigate the safety and efficacy of using gene editing treatments like CRISPR-Cas9 to treat sickle cell disease. The team aims to understand the mechanisms behind large gene modifications and their biological consequences.
Researchers have developed a new method to control the movement of individual DNA molecules through a nanopore, allowing for higher accuracy in sequencing and analysis. This breakthrough has the potential to improve diagnostic and sequencing applications, including peptide sequencing.
The nucleus is metabolically active and uses antioxidant enzymes to repair DNA damage. Cells relocate mitochondrial machinery to the nucleus in response to DNA damage, highlighting a paradigm shift in cellular biology.
Researchers found that after 96 weeks, some patients achieved loss of detectable HBsAg and reduced liver inflammation levels, indicating functional cure. The study suggests that discontinuing long-term antiviral therapy may be more effective than continuing it for certain patients.
A study published in Journal of Hepatology found that some patients with chronic hepatitis B can achieve sustained immune control by discontinuing antiviral therapy after four years. This suggests a potential cure for the disease, which affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide.
Researchers identified 11,378 viroid-like cccRNAs in 4,409 species-level clusters, exceeding previously known elements. These findings reveal viroids are more common and abundant than thought, with distant relatives of human Hepatitis Delta Virus discovered.
A recent study has unveiled how nucleotide excision repair (NER) is controlled at the molecular level, shedding light on its role in cancer treatment. The research revealed that TFIIH uses XPG to stimulate motor activity and locate damaged DNA, licensing XPG nuclease activity to excise it.
Researchers have developed an RNA-based editing tool that targets individual cells, enabling precise modification of cell functions to manage diseases. The tool uses the ADAR enzyme to selectively add proteins of interest, offering endless potential applications across the animal kingdom.
Researchers developed a tool that encodes patient data as DNA sequences to link health databases accurately. The platform uses BLAST and machine learning algorithms to integrate data from multiple administrative databases, overcoming typographical errors and inconsistencies.
Researchers uncovered crucial interactions between XPA and RPA proteins in NER, essential for repairing UV-damaged DNA. These findings hold promise for improving cancer therapy outcomes by targeting the NER pathway.
Researchers at Okayama University discovered EPA's molecular target, which blocks purinergic chemical transmission and reduces pain perception. The study suggests EPA can be used as a therapeutic strategy for managing chronic pain with fewer side effects.
Researchers at Aarhus University have developed an easy and inexpensive method for linking molecules to DNA sequences with desired functions. The method uses sulfonyl azides to introduce various functionalities, avoiding the need for expensive and unstable special phosphoramidites.
A new study explores the characteristics of 36 basic variants of the Holliday junction, a fundamental building block used in DNA nanoforms. The results show that sequences forming the four protruding arms of the junction can enhance or hinder crystallization processes.
Researchers at Arizona State University have designed and constructed artificial membrane channels using DNA, allowing selective transport of ions, proteins, and cargo. The channels can be opened and closed with a lock and key mechanism, enabling diverse scientific domains such as biosensing and drug delivery applications.
A study by Rice University bioscientists has revealed the presence of a central metal ion critical to DNA replication and implicated in misincorporation. The research found that three metal ions are involved in the process, with the first supporting nucleotide binding and the second stabilizing the binding of loose nucleotides. This di...
Researchers at Aarhus University have developed improved DNA nanostructures that can assemble biomolecules with multiple functions, increasing the effectiveness of cancer treatment. The new structures are more stable, non-toxic, and immune system-friendly than previous versions.
Researchers at the University of Cologne's Institute of Organic Chemistry have created a novel method for producing synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) with site-specifically introduced non-natural nucleotides. This approach allows for better therapeutic applications and study of cellular processes.
A team of researchers has developed a DNA-based data storage platform with an expanded molecular alphabet, enabling the storage of vast amounts of digital information. The new system uses nanopores to distinguish between natural and chemically modified nucleotides, increasing storage density and sustainability.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg mapped SARS-CoV-2 mutation patterns and found that ADAR1-induced mutations weaken the virus. These mutations are more common than other types of mutations, suggesting a protective mechanism against COVID-19.
An international research team found that the use of digital sequence information is more complex than a one-way street, with many countries providing access to genetic resources and benefiting from data sharing
A new study reveals that iboxamycin effectively fights both gram-negative and gram-positive drug-resistant bacteria in mouse models. The researchers discovered the molecular mechanism that allows this drug to overcome resistance, which is important for developing new antibiotics.
Researchers at MIT and Institut Pasteur have created an efficient method for assembling entire genomes, including the human genome, in minutes using personal computers. This approach uses minimizer-space de Bruijn graphs to store only a small fraction of nucleotides while preserving overall genome structure, enabling faster processing ...
Researchers used evolutionary 'time travel' to study an ancient enzyme from archaea, finding a universal NTP binding motif that could be used for novel enzyme design. The study also revealed how the human version of the enzyme evolved over time.
Researchers from HSE University have discovered a nucleotide sequence characteristic of microRNA isoforms, which helps predict errors in microRNA behavior. This discovery has important applications for creating drugs that can detect targets more effectively.
A University of Pennsylvania-led study found that protein actin's nucleotide sequences, not amino acid sequences, govern its functions in cells. The faster translation rate of beta-actin mRNA causes it to attach to substrates more strongly, slowing down cell movement.
Researchers developed a novel method for labeling DNA bases using electrochemical detection and redox labels. This approach allows for the identification of individual nucleotides in a single strand of DNA, enabling faster and more affordable DNA sequencing and diagnostic applications.
Researchers have developed a method to quantify transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in cells, which can reveal insights into tRNA regulation in health and disease. The mim-tRNAseq approach accurately measures tRNA abundance and modification status, enabling the study of tRNA dynamics in different tissues and during development.
Researchers found that oysters and champagne complement each other through umami synergy, which is enhanced by glutamate and nucleotides. This discovery could help increase vegetable consumption by making vegetables taste more appealing with their own umami flavor.
Scientists at Harvard's Wyss Institute have created a new method for enzymatic DNA synthesis that uses photolithographic techniques to write digital data into DNA. The approach enables the simultaneous writing of multiple DNA strands with varying sequences, paving the way for high-capacity data storage in DNA.
A 1975 discovery about a missing nucleotide in tumor RNA has been linked to cancer development. Researchers have found that the TYW2 gene is epigenetically silenced, causing small but aggressive tumors and leading to poor survival rates.
A new sequencing technology will help scientists better understand the mechanisms of rare nucleotides thought to play an important role in the progression of some diseases. These modified nucleotides are crucial additions to the genetic code, but their detection is difficult and comes with high error rates.
Researchers used supercomputer simulations to study viral reproduction and DNA replication mechanisms. They discovered that twisting stress in protein filaments plays a key role in creating membrane deformations, which is crucial for virus release and cellular processes.
A new study suggests that life in the universe is likely to be common, but only under specific conditions. The research, led by Professor Tomonori Totani, found that complex RNA structures necessary for life to exist may have formed spontaneously in vast regions of space beyond our observable horizon.
Synthetic biology researchers at Northwestern University have created a system that can rapidly create cell-free ribosomes in a test tube, then select the ribosome that can perform a certain function. This platform could help enable new manufacturing approaches to sustainable materials and targeted therapies.
A new study proposes that the first building blocks of life on Earth were not uniform but rather patchwork molecules containing bits of RNA and DNA. The 'RNA World' hypothesis has been revised to suggest a Frankenstein-like beginning, with RNA emerging from a mixture of nucleotides.
Researchers discovered enzymes can efficiently conduct electricity under proper conditions, enabling new innovations in medical diagnostics and DNA sequencing. The study's findings could lead to the development of biological parallel processors and revolutionize the field of nanotechnology.
A new Finnish study published in Nature Metabolism challenges the long-held mitochondrial theory of aging by proposing that compromised nuclear DNA maintenance is responsible for accelerated aging. The study found that Mitutor mice, which harbor a defective polymerase-gamma enzyme, present with pronounced mtDNA mutagenesis and accelera...
Researchers have identified non-inherited somatic mutations in the brain that could contribute to Alzheimer's disease progression. These mutations were found to be associated with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins, a hallmark of AD.
A research team led by Prof. HUANG Xuhui discovered the mechanism of RNA polymerase II correcting errors in RNA synthesis, which relies on the RNA itself rather than amino acid residues. This finding offers insights into how transcription may go wrong in ageing and diseased cells, potentially leading to various human diseases.
Nicholas Valerie receives a $50,000 prize for his thesis on NUDT5 and NUDT15 enzymes, demonstrating novel functions in oxidized nucleotide metabolism and their potential as therapeutic targets. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted inhibitors to potentiate cancer therapy.
A new study in The FASEB Journal reveals that AICAr inhibits cell proliferation and has cytotoxic potential for childhood ALL cells by regulating nucleotide metabolism. The researchers confirm that Acadesine's inhibition of cell proliferation is independent of AMPK activation, but dependent on P53.
Scientists have created a version of RNA that could have served as an early genetic polymer, with inosine replacing guanine to improve accuracy. The results suggest that inosine could have played a crucial role in the origins of life.
Researchers found that certain DNA structures, like G-quadruplexes, can slow down or speed up DNA synthesis, affecting error rates. Non-B DNA regions with specific motifs were associated with increased sequencing errors and human disease susceptibility.
Biologists identify how mixed nucleotide tails in mRNA delay its shortening, acting as a shield against premature degradation. This discovery could bring new insights into gene regulation and potential RNA-based gene therapy methods.
Researchers discovered a naturally occurring enzyme called viperin that produces the molecule ddhCTP, which prevents viruses from copying their genetic material. The compound shows promising antiviral effects against flaviviruses, including Zika and West Nile viruses, but not picornaviruses.
Researchers have developed a new way to synthesize DNA sequences using enzymes, promising to accelerate the pace of science. The innovative approach uses TdT enzyme to add nucleotides in a controlled manner, eliminating drawbacks of existing methods and enabling faster, cheaper and more accurate synthesis.