Articles tagged with Nutrients
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Biologists at Carnegie Institution discover a new way plant cells regulate nutrient uptake through physical interaction between neighboring molecules, applicable across species. The discovery has potential applications from understanding human diseases like kidney function to engineering better crops.
Fruit flies exposed to yeast paste odor did not live as long as calorie-restricted insects without the odor, suggesting that reduced perception plays a role in extending lifespan. The study found that flies with impaired sense of smell lived up to 57% longer and were more stress-resistant.
A large-scale study reveals that soil composition significantly influences where certain tree species grow in tropical forests. Researchers found strong associations between tree species and nutrient distributions, suggesting differences in nutrient requirements among trees may help explain coexistence.
A Rutgers-Camden research team, led by Heike Bücking, aims to develop a better understanding of the nutrient exchange processes between fungi and agricultural environments. The project seeks to promote the use of mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers to reduce fertilizer pollution and improve agricultural sustainability.
Researchers at the University of Virginia are exploring how nutrients in broccoli prevent cancer by bonding with a specific enzyme. This enzyme is linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer, and understanding its role could lead to anti-cancer compounds.
A new study finds that the stalk of Caulobacter crescentus bacteria acts as an antenna to amplify nutrient uptake, increasing efficiency without increasing volume or surface area. This discovery has significant implications for bioremediation and drug production.
A new study reveals that the Southern Ocean plays a significant role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide, with waters below 60 degrees south latitude soaking up carbon dioxide from the air. The research suggests that future research on carbon sequestration should focus on the Antarctic region.
A University of Colorado study found that adding phosphorus and nitrogen to tropical forest soils in Costa Rica increases CO2 emissions by 20%. The study highlights the impact of human activities on nutrient availability in ecosystems, with potential implications for climate change.
Research by Mark Graham found that pollen significantly enhances plankton growth in boreal lakes, supporting forage fish and potentially boosting sport fish populations. Climate change may impact this process, highlighting the importance of pollen in linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Scientists at Emory University Health Sciences Center have identified the protein HAP1 as crucial for neuronal function and trafficking. The discovery may lead to new treatments for Huntington's disease by understanding how mutant huntingtin affects cellular transport. Research has implications for other neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers found that flagella in algae allow for active nutrient gathering, concentrating nutrients just ahead of the moving colony. This discovery explains how single-celled life forms can evolve into larger multicellular organisms like Volvox, a colony of up to 50,000 cells.
A recent study by University of Cincinnati researchers suggests that specific micronutrients, particularly branched-chain amino acids like leucine, play a key role in regulating appetite and energy balance. The study's findings may lead to the development of new diet designs to help individuals with obesity manage their weight.
A University of Washington researcher found that salmon spawning can alter stream beds, releasing silt, minerals, and nutrients that impact nearby rivers and lakes. This
Research suggests that increasing nutrient pollution levels are reducing the areas where reef-building coral can survive in South Florida. The team found a clear increase in phosphorus concentrations and expansion of fleshy seaweed, corresponding to a decrease in coral species and extent.
According to Dr. Stephen Cunnane, early humans' diet of shore-based food provided essential nutrients for brain growth, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and iodine. This diet helped launch Homo sapiens brains past their primate peers, sparking the growth of the human brain.
Researchers found that introduced foxes reduced guano deposits, affecting plants and animals at the bottom of the food web. The study showed significant differences in plant communities between fox-infested and fox-free islands.
A new study has found that people's eating habits are influenced by their previous meals, with breakfast having the strongest effect. The study suggests that instead of setting daily nutritional goals, focusing on multi-day goals can help individuals approach dinner with a different set of habits and improve overall clarity.
Researchers identified a compound in cocoa responsible for improving blood flow and cardiovascular function. The flavanol (-)epicatechin was shown to relax blood vessels and increase nitric oxide levels, leading to improved heart health.
A research team led by Jue Chen has visualized the entire cycle of membrane transport proteins, which use ATP to open and close gates allowing nutrients in and waste out. This understanding could enhance knowledge of metabolism and life processes in creatures from bacteria to humans.
French fries prepared with non-hydrogenated cottonseed oil have significantly lower trans-fatty acids and saturated fat compared to those made with partially hydrogenated canola or soybean oil. Fruits and vegetables are ranked highest for nutrient density, providing key nutrients at a reasonable cost.
The study reveals that nutrient enrichment has reduced sea grass beds and lowered dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Chesapeake Bay. Revitalizing habitats such as sea grass beds, oyster reefs, and tidal marshes may lead to substantial benefits toward recovery from nutrient enrichment.
Duke University Medical Center researchers discovered that an immature egg's internal nutrient supply is critical to its survival. The study found that adding nutrients prolongs the life of eggs and depleting them triggers apoptosis, offering a new route to understanding and treating infertility due to egg death.
Researchers discovered that pockets of water wedge themselves into the subtropical gyre, preventing deep-ocean nutrients from reaching the surface where plants can thrive. The study found that this phenomenon reduces primary productivity and supports the food chain.
Scientists at MIT and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found a lag in freshwater and saltwater inflows and outflows related to seasonal water table changes. Seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers may occur several months after precipitation, affecting nutrient and contaminant transport.
A recent study by Stanford University researchers reveals a complex 'biogeochemical patchwork' of high and low nutrient availability in tropical soils. The study predicts that only about 17% of the landscape is nutrient-poor, with slopes and valley bottoms often as fertile as the most verdant forests.
Researchers found that reducing yeast in flies' diet increased life span by over 60%, suggesting protein or fat plays a greater role in longevity than sugar. The study's findings challenge the conventional wisdom that eating less promotes longevity and provide insight into the effects of different nutrients on life span.
Researchers at UQ's IMB have discovered a new pathway for particle and nutrient uptake into cells, which is vitally important for cellular survival. This finding presents unexplored avenues for developing new drugs to fight certain viral infections and opening up possibilities for drug delivery or gene therapy.
Scientists at the Elhuyar Fundazioa Institute have identified a previously unknown mechanism for capturing nutrients in plants. The process, which uses micro-vesicles and internal compartments called vacuola, is independent of specific transporters in plasma membranes and can be triggered by saccharose.
Researchers found that soil quality played a crucial role in shaping Polynesian farming patterns, with farmers adapting their agricultural system to optimal zones for sweet potato cropping. The study suggests that the emergence of warrior classes was linked to surplus agriculture and the ability to produce basic foodstuffs.
The introduction of foxes to Aleutian Islands led to the transformation of vegetation from lush grasslands to tundra, with a significant impact on seabird populations. Soil phosphorus levels increased by three times in fox-free islands compared to fox-infested islands, reflecting the loss of marine-derived nutrients.
A study by Larry Crowder at Duke University suggests that coastal dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico can have significant impacts on target species and commercial fisheries. The research group has found that fish and shrimp can evade death by relocating to the zone's edge, but growth rates of some Gulf fish and shellfish may be lower.
Researchers at VIB have discovered receptor proteins in yeast cells that detect and react to glucose and sucrose, which could be good targets for new medicines. This finding raises the possibility of glucose receptors existing in human beings.
A University of Michigan researcher suggests that obesity in developing nations is a result of the body's attempts to cope with childhood malnourishment. The phenomenon is similar to yo-yo dieting, where dieters who have deprived themselves gain weight at faster rates than non-dieters when they begin eating normally again.
Researchers have found that adding butyrate to an intravenous nutrition solution can cause the intestine to grow back and become more functional. This breakthrough offers hope for preterm infants and patients with Crohn's disease who rely on IV feeding due to surgically removed intestines.
Researchers found a broad range of nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios possible in phytoplankton, contradicting the long-held Redfield ratio of 16:1. The new model takes into account varying growth conditions and optimal strategies for nutrient uptake, with implications for ocean ecosystem and climate change.
A comprehensive study of plant physiology has found that fast-growing plants (hares) are more susceptible to pollution, while slower-growing plants (tortoises) are better adapted to control energy consumption. The research provides insights into how plants respond to environmental changes.
A research team led by University of Maine scientists has documented that treating a watershed with additional acids accelerates the loss of critical nutrients calcium and magnesium. The experimentally induced nutrient depletion highlights the impact of acid rain on Maine's forests.
Scientists have long debated the causes of coral reef decline, but new research suggests pollution from land-based sources is a major culprit. A study in the Bahamas found that nutrient levels, particularly nitrogen, play a critical role in seaweed spread and destruction of coral reefs.
Scientists linking rainforest canopy and floor layers examine effects of falling materials on soil processes, decomposition rates, and nutrient availability. The study aims to understand the connection between these factors and global climate change.
Researchers found that prehistoric Inuit whalers dramatically altered high Arctic pond ecosystems through their hunting practices over 800 years ago. The team's study revealed a significant increase in moss growth and nutrients in the water, coinciding with deposits of nutrient-rich whalebones and other refuse.
A study found that three-quarters of biological activity in oceans relies on a single nutrient-rich water circulation pattern in the Southern Hemisphere. This discovery helps settle a longstanding question about ocean fertility and raises questions about potential impact of climate change.
A study by University of North Carolina researchers suggests that chemical nutrients washed into the sea can increase the severity of coral diseases, leading to significant declines in Caribbean reef health. The findings support calls for reducing nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage and deforestation.
Field experiments on Mexican reefs show that modest nutrient pollution can increase coral mortality by facilitating disease spread. Further steps should be taken to reduce agricultural runoff, sewage pollution, and deforestation to protect coral reef health.
Purdue University researchers have developed a new field called 'ionomics,' which studies how genes regulate all the ions in a cell. This research holds promise for creating mineral-efficient plants that need little fertilizer, crops with better nutritional value, and plants that can remove contamination from the soil.
The Egyptian Mediterranean Sea fishery has recovered due to increased phosphorus and nitrogen in urban waste water, changing the ecosystem's productive engine. This shift has important consequences for lower food web structure and larval fish.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research have discovered a protein called GβL that helps regulate the mTOR pathway. The study reveals that when GβL is absent or disabled, cells become insensitive to nutrient levels and grow abnormally, which may be a cause of disease.
The Tufts team is developing digital modeling tools to help local communities map out their watersheds, identify trouble spots and take cost-effective steps to manage nutrient entry. The computer models will also be used by the EPA and state governments to improve upon their current systems for managing watershed nutrients.
A study of premature infants found that mild undernutrition in early infancy may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. The findings suggest that slower growth and relative undernutrition associated with colostrum and breastfeeding may have a protective effect on cardiovascular health.
Researchers studied encrustation on fossilized shells to gain insights into ancient sea ecosystems. The analysis found that epibionts preferentially colonize brachiopod shells, providing clues about the evolution of these organisms.
A new study finds that oxygen deficiency can impair fish reproduction by disrupting endocrine function and reducing fertility rates. Long-term exposure to hypoxia can lead to major declines in fish populations, potentially causing extinction for some species.
Invasive seaweed Caulerpa brachypus is smothering coral reefs in Florida, forcing lobsters and fish away. A new study aims to understand the spread of this species and how to control its growth, driven by nutrient pollution from land-based sources.
The study aims to identify disease-fighting fungi and understand their role in nutrient cycling. By analyzing multiple genes and structural characteristics, researchers will create a database to distinguish between beneficial and harmful fungal species.
A team of scientists at the University of Rhode Island tested shallow marine systems' response to increased nutrients, focusing on eelgrass survival. They found that rapid leaf elongation and low root growth can indicate a poor prognosis for bed survival in these ecosystems.
A recent study on Brazilian brachiopods has provided valuable insights into the life and times of ancient creatures. The research, led by David Rodland, sheds light on the encrustation patterns of modern brachiopods and their potential to estimate water depth and plankton productivity in ancient oceans.
The study found that when blue crabs disappeared from a salt marsh, periwinkle snails flourished, eating all the cordgrass and causing ecosystem collapse. Overgrazing by periwinkles can convert southern salt marshes into barren mudflats within eight months.
Grasshoppers are drawn to plants with mycorrhizal symbiosis due to their increased nutrient content and tolerance to grazing. The study, conducted by Kansas State University researchers, found that grasshoppers avoid plants without this beneficial relationship, suggesting a crucial role for fungi in ecosystem health.
New research suggests that acid rain can deplete the nutrient pool available to trees in forests, making them more vulnerable to acid rain's effects. This finding has important implications for industrially influenced forests in the northeastern United States and Europe.
New research suggests that unpolluted forests may exhibit more uniform nitrogen biogeochemistry than previously thought, with complex and idiosyncratic responses to human activities. This challenges long-held assumptions about the ecological function of forests near populated regions.
The article reviews the possible psychopharmacologic effect of several nutrients on mood and behaviour. Key findings include the potential mild antidepressant effects of SAMe, folic acid, and tryptophan, as well as the relation between carbohydrate consumption and sedation.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison propose that anthocyanins in plants like maples and oaks produce vibrant autumn colors. The pigments shield sensitive photosynthetic tissue from excessive light and other stresses as trees reabsorb nutrients, allowing them to store energy.