Articles tagged with Protein Abundance
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers at Duke University and NIEHS discover that dust mite allergens are both more abundant and stable than non-allergenic proteins, which may lead to new allergy treatments or predict allergenic potential of artificially added proteins. This discovery could also help characterize disease states and study drug mode-of-action.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a protein called Perilipin 5 that promotes the efficient breakdown of fat. This discovery could lead to new ways to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes, as excess fat can accumulate in tissues not specialized for storage and cause dysfunction.
The study reveals that genetic variants can affect protein levels through post-transcriptional effects, including direct protein-protein interactions. By combining quantitative proteomics and transcriptomics, researchers can infer the proteome-wide effects of a specific genetic variant.
A team of researchers at UMass Amherst and Virginia Tech have identified the factors governing the final morphology of self-assembling chiral filament bundles. Their new model predicts the size and shape of these structures based on molecular-scale interactions, providing insights into protein fiber formation in various tissues.
Scientists have identified a protein crucial to assembling the photosynthetic apparatus, which protects it from oxygen's disruptive effects. This discovery sheds light on the early history of photosynthesis and its adaptation to changing atmospheric conditions.
Researchers discovered a compound that stabilizes αB-crystallin proteins, reducing aggregation and improving cataract transparency. The molecule partially reversed existing aggregation and restored lens clarity in mice and human samples.
A new study by the Scripps Research Institute has identified a specific molecule called RGS7 that controls morphine receptor signaling in brain cells. Without this protein, animals were more prone to morphine addiction. The findings suggest that RGS7 could be a potential drug target for developing less-addictive pain medications.
Researchers have uncovered the molecular mechanisms behind brachiopod shell formation, revealing evolutionary conserved genetic programs among invertebrates. The study identifies unique proteins and structural resemblances to other animal phyla, providing new insights into the evolution of biomineralization.
A new study by UCLA professor Jingyi Jessica Li and Mark Biggin from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concludes that transcription plays the largest role in determining protein abundance. The research highlights the importance of accurate measurement and analysis methods for modeling gene expression.
A new study by Berkeley Lab reveals how calcium ions trigger the folding and binding of S-layer protein nanosheets, enabling the self-assembly of complex two- and three-dimensional structures. The findings have potential applications in creating nanostructured arrays for various materials.
Researchers found highly conserved brain centers in insect species that share similarities with vertebrate learning centers, such as the hippocampus. The study suggests a common ancestral origin for these structures, possibly dating back 600 million years.
A new study by University of Notre Dame researchers found that the most abundant protein in the Ebola virus, VP40, mediates replication and interacts with human cell lipids. This discovery may lead to novel therapeutics for combating Ebola.
Researchers have created a high-resolution molecular map of the choroid, supplying blood and oxygen to the outer retina, revealing patterns of protein abundance that may be critical in vision loss. The map helps explain why certain areas are more susceptible to disease and identifies potential treatment targets.
Researchers from TUM have created an almost complete inventory of the human proteome by cataloging over 18,000 proteins. The study reveals unique protein profiles for every organ, which are essential for its function, and identifies hundreds of new protein fragments with novel biological properties.
A recent study published in PeerJ challenges previous findings that suggested translation and protein turnover play a larger role in determining protein expression levels than transcription. The new analysis reveals that mRNA levels explain ~81% of the variance in protein levels, while transcription explains ~71%.
The liver's protein production and release are influenced by both the internal clock and feeding behaviors, according to a recent study published in PNAS. The researchers found that the circadian clock does not solely regulate protein production but also affects the storage and release of proteins into the body.
Neurons from the retina connect to the brain first, controlling the abundance of a protein called aggrecan. This allows cortical neurons to get the best spots for connections once two weeks have passed. Understanding this mechanism could help repair damaged neural networks and develop regenerative therapies.
Scientists at University of California, San Diego, discovered that repressing a single protein in fibroblasts is enough to convert them into functional neurons. This finding has far-reaching implications for developing new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Scientists at UCSF have identified a specific nerve cell subset and protein called NOMPC responsible for sensing gentle touch in fruit flies. The discovery sheds light on the fundamental sense of gentle touch and its role in human experience.
A new mouse model has reproduced key cognitive and behavioral symptoms of myotonic dystrophy, a disease marked by progressive muscle wasting and weakness. The study reveals that molecular missteps disrupt brain function, causing toxic RNAs to produce incorrect proteins in the brain.
Researchers found a key protein, CBA1, that enables marine algae to capture vitamin B12 from seawater. This discovery has significant implications for the marine food web and climate, as well as potential industrial and therapeutic applications.
Researchers have discovered a new growth-driving protein, MYC, that drives the growth of aggressive triple-negative breast tumors. Blocking a cooperating protein, CDK, causes these tumors to regress in mice, offering a potential new target for treatment.
Researchers found amino acids in 14 carbon-rich meteorites with high temperatures, suggesting high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactions created them. These reactions produce prebiotic components of life using hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen.
Researchers have found a natural dye from lichens that reduces the abundance of small toxic protein aggregates in Alzheimer's disease, promoting their conversion into large non-toxic plaques. Further studies are needed to determine its effectiveness for therapy development and potential benefits for patients.
Thirteen US Department of Energy researchers have been awarded the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) for their innovative work in various fields. The award recognizes their contributions to advancing energy independence and national security, as well as their commitment to mentoring and community ser...
Researchers at UCLA have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using proteins as a significant raw material for biorefining and biofuel production. This breakthrough could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by recycling nitrogen from protein biomass.
A team of scientists discovered remnants of a protein-chitin complex in Paleozoic-era arthropod fossils, which could revolutionize our understanding of organic fossilization. The findings were made possible by advanced analytical instruments and suggest that the complex may play a critical role in preserving fossils.
Researchers at Hebrew University successfully produced human type I pro-collagen in transgenic tobacco plants, solving a major issue with scarce and pathogen-ridden human cadaver sources. This breakthrough has significant commercial potential, valued at multi-million dollars.
A study published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine suggests that boosting interleukin-10 levels can protect against lethal E. coli K1 infection without antibiotic side effects. Researchers seek to determine its safety and efficacy in human infants infected with the bacterium.
A recent study discovered that a protein produced by T cells reduces inflammatory proteins hindering learning, improving navigation in mice trained to find their way through a water maze. Mice lacking this protein suffered from learning disabilities, which could be reversed with IL-4–producing T cells.
Researchers have identified cardiac myosin-binding protein C as a potential new diagnostic biomarker for heart attacks, particularly useful for mild attacks. cMyBP-C becomes nearly 20 fold more abundant than before within 5 minutes following a heart attack, suggesting its value in early diagnosis.
Bladder urothelial cells sense fullness of urine through TRPV4 protein activation, which triggers Ca2+ influx and ATP release. The discovery may lead to treatment of bladder disorders such as overactive bladder and pollakiuria.
A new study re-examining Tyrannosaurus rex remains has confirmed the presence of proteins from blood and bone, tendons, or cartilage, resolving a long-standing controversy over detectable biochemical remnants. The analysis also found evidence of substances typical of bird-like bones, which were previously disputed.
A new method detects protein biomarkers in body fluids, increasing the number of diagnostic tests for cancer. The technique is highly reproducible across laboratories and instruments, allowing for early cancer detection.
A hallucinogenic compound found in a plant indigenous to South America has been discovered to activate the sigma-1 receptor, a protein abundant throughout the body. This finding may have implications for treating drug abuse and depression, with potential applications for developing new, highly selective drugs to inhibit the receptor.
A team of scientists has developed a new type of probe for examining protein interactions using luminescence, enabling non-invasive tracking of protein association in living cells. The technique could aid understanding of serum albumin function and drug-protein interactions.
Scientists have discovered over 80 new proteins in seminal fluid that can influence the reproductive success of fruit flies. The discovery sheds light on how males and females interact through protein transfer during mating, revealing a complex interplay between cooperation and competition.
Researchers found higher levels of beta-catenin, a protein involved in cell signaling and development, in the brains of chronic alcoholics. The protein may play a role in the reward circuitry, suggesting a potential treatment target for alcohol dependence.
Researchers discovered a protein imbalance in Parkinson's disease patients and found that adding a phosphate group can reduce toxicity. The study suggests alpha-synuclein protein plays a key role in brain cell communication and may be a potential target for therapy.
Richard D. Smith, Battelle Fellow at PNNL, has been named to the prestigious Scientific American 50 list for his contributions in developing a new approach to neurological diagnostics. His research may help identify early stages of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases by analyzing biochemical biomarkers.
Researchers discovered a genetic variation that causes overexpression of Neuregulin 1 type 4 in the human brain, which may contribute to schizophrenia. This study provides new insight into the disease's underlying biology and could lead to improved therapies.
Lectins, a family of proteins found in undercooked legumes and grains, can make people feel temporarily miserable by disabling GI tract cells from repairing tears. This can lead to gaps in the epithelial lining, exposing the nasty internal world of the GI tract to the blood supply.
Scientists at PNNL and UCLA developed a new proteome map, enabling comparisons of healthy brains with those affected by Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurological diseases. The study uses quantitative proteomics and imaging to generate detailed information on brain proteins.
Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have discovered 176 proteins associated with plague virulence, offering promising leads for improved disease detection and treatment. The study's findings may also guide the development of new vaccines and therapies to combat the deadly disease.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have identified EF1A-1 as a critical step in the pathway leading to high cellular fat and cell death. The protein plays a role in protein synthesis and cytoskeleton maintenance, and its presence dictates sensitivity to palmitate-induced cell death.
A bacterial community flourishing in iron sulfide-rich runoff near Redding has been uncovered, providing clues to the structure and activities within these communities. The study reveals 2,036 proteins from five most abundant species, shedding light on microbial systems in real-world conditions.
Researchers found that infectious prions can survive digestive juices and cross the human intestinal barrier by linking with ferritin, an iron-storing protein. This breakthrough discovery provides insight into the mechanisms of prion transmission and may lead to the development of methods to block prion uptake.
Researchers studied fruitfly embryos to understand how specific cells change shape during gastrulation, a critical growth step in development. They found that many types of proteins are involved and that changes occur well before the cells actually transform.
HUPO scientists have created a master proteomics database from human blood plasma, which will help answer key questions about protein identification and analysis. The project's long-term goals include identifying all protein constituents of human blood plasma and determining variation across populations.
Researchers at UCSF have identified nearly all proteins in yeast, shedding light on their activity, location, and quantity. The study provides the most comprehensive picture yet of protein activity in higher organisms, offering new tools for understanding gene regulation and disease relationships.
Researchers have created a comprehensive atlas of yeast proteins, allowing for the measurement of abundance and localization with high sensitivity. This breakthrough enables insights into protein function and cellular behavior, surpassing previous methods that only detected abundant proteins.
Researchers discover that the HAP1 protein plays a crucial role in brain damage caused by Huntington's disease. The protein's interaction with mutant huntingtin leads to apoptosis in neurons, particularly in the hypothalamus. This finding offers new hope for therapeutic strategies aimed at bolstering HAP1 function.
Researchers found an inverse relationship between Pin1 abundance and degenerative damage susceptibility. Pin1-deficient mice developed a neurodegenerative disease similar to Alzheimer's, highlighting the protein's role in regulating proteins critical for cell division.
A Duke team has identified two proteins, MIF and CyP-A, that are elevated in lung cancer cells but not in normal cells. These proteins may be potential targets for new therapies and a simple blood test to diagnose lung cancer without biopsies.
Researchers at PNNL have identified nearly twice as many proteins in human blood serum as previously known, including low-abundance proteins that play crucial roles in cell signaling. The study provides a significant advance in understanding the proteome of blood serum and its potential applications in disease diagnosis.
A new, high-throughput mass spectrometer has been developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, providing unparalleled sensitivity and accuracy. This system enables the thorough identification and characterization of proteins, which is crucial for understanding cellular function, disease progression, and treatment options.
Researchers found that collagen in bone contains sacrificial bonds that rupture when stretched and reform when healed, allowing bones to recover quickly. The study suggests these bonds may contribute to the toughness of bone and could have implications for human health and technology.