Protein Synthesis
Articles tagged with Protein Synthesis
EEF1AKMT4 and eEF1A2: Novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for gallbladder cancer
Researchers found that eEF1A2 is significantly overexpressed in gallbladder cancer and correlates with advanced lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival. Targeting the EEF1AKMT4-eEF1A2 signaling axis may suppress translation-driven tumor growth and halt lymphatic spread.
Sweet discovery rewrites understanding of how our bodies store sugar
Researchers have uncovered a new pathway to directly regulate glycogen levels in the body, offering potential therapeutic avenues for conditions like diabetes and heart disease. By studying ubiquitin's role in sugar storage, scientists have identified a new layer to a well-understood biochemical process.
New AI technology to speed drug development
Scientists at the University of Virginia Health System have developed a suite of AI-powered tools, called YuelDesign, YuelPocket and YuelBond, to transform how new drugs are created. These tools can design drug molecules tailored to fit their protein targets exactly, even accounting for protein flexibility.
New findings on the first steps in protein synthesis
An international research team led by Heidelberg University scientists discovered that the NAC complex binds to nascent protein building-blocks and initiates protein folding. This process prevents incomplete intermediate products from leading to incorrect folding, a common cause of neurodegenerative diseases.
A therapeutic target that would curb the spread of coronaviruses has been identified
Coronaviruses modify cellular machinery to produce viral proteins and spread rapidly. A study found that infection causes stress-induced changes in tRNAs, allowing coronaviruses to speed up protein production without generating new machinery. The modification of tRNAs is a promising candidate for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
Ribosomes in pairs
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research discovered that stressed animal cells, including neurons, assemble inactive ribosomes into tightly linked pairs, known as disomes. This novel mechanism relies on a specific piece of ribosomal RNA called an expansion segment to form a precise RNA-RNA interaction.
Tapping the engines of cellular electrochemistry and forces of evolution
Researchers have found a way to harness the electrical energy generated by protein condensates, constantly shifting membrane-less organelles that govern cell function. This discovery could lead to bioelectrochemical devices for cleaning pollutants and fighting infection.
Protein production: Slow down to get ahead
The NAC protein complex regulates protein synthesis by slowing down the early stages of protein formation to ensure a smooth process. This optimization allows for reduced risk of collision and coordinates subsequent folding and logistics processes.
Researchers identify Tapt1 gene as essential maintainer of protein synthesis and brain development
Researchers have identified Tapt1 as a key gene in maintaining the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, crucial for normal brain development. The study reveals that Tapt1, along with its partner Suco, ensures proper neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
Medical School research laboratory team awarded $11.3M to study innovative tools to treat genetic disorders
A research team led by the University of Minnesota Medical School will investigate alternative genetic decoding in single-celled organisms and identify readthrough-inducing drugs to treat genetic disorders caused by premature termination codons. The goal is to restore normal function of genes and proteins in cells, potentially helping ...
New research shows how cells orchestrate protein production
Janelia researchers have uncovered a complex interplay between the ER and lysosomes, with Lunapark stabilizing ER junctions and lysosomes regulating nearby translation. This finely tuned partnership links nutrient sensing and stress signaling to protein biogenesis.
World’s first discovery of a mysterious tubular structure in citrus pest symbionts
Researchers have discovered a novel tubular structure within the symbiotic bacterium Profftella armatura found in the Asian citrus psyllid, challenging conventional views of bacteria. The discovery may lead to breakthroughs in pest control and the study of life's evolution.
Origin of life breakthrough: Chemists show how RNA might have started to make proteins on early Earth
Researchers at UCL successfully chemically linked amino acids to RNA under conditions that could have occurred on early Earth, a significant step towards understanding the origin of protein synthesis. The study demonstrates how RNA might have first come to control protein synthesis.
How do cells prevent premature protein release? UIC study cracks the case
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have uncovered the detailed chemical mechanism behind preventing premature protein release. The discovery sheds light on how cells execute protein production, one of life's most essential processes, and clarifies the role of the release factor.
Study pinpoints key mechanism of brain aging
A new study by Stanford researchers reveals that declining proteostasis in the brain leads to increased protein aggregation, which is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The findings were made using the turquoise killifish model, and shed light on the fundamental molecular principles of aging.
New tool allows researchers to track assembly of cells’ protein-making machines
Researchers developed a technique to peer inside the nucleolus and reveal its hidden system of creation, allowing them to watch RNA molecule movement and track protein-making machine assembly. The new method uses advanced imaging and genomics techniques without destroying the cell, providing a precise spatial and temporal map.
Chromosomes and spindles in mature oocytes are stabilized by the histone modification
The histone modification H3K4me3 is crucial for chromosome and spindle stabilization, normal oocyte development, and embryonic competence. Removing H3K4me3 leads to destabilized spindles, impaired embryonic development, and decreased fertility.
Researchers identify a novel mechanism of fetal anemia linked to mitochondrial protein synthesis deficiency
A novel mechanism linking fetal anemia to disrupted intracellular iron distribution has been identified due to impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis. Mitochondrial tRNA modification enzyme Mto1 plays a crucial role in efficient protein synthesis and maintaining proper iron homeostasis.
The Protein Society announces its 2025 Award Recipients
The Protein Society recognizes five award winners in 2025 for their groundbreaking research in protein science and technology. Professor Jan Steyaert receives the Christian B. Anfinsen Award for pioneering nanobody technology, while Dr. Brian Kuhlman wins the Emil Thomas Kaiser Award for novel protein design and structural modeling.
New mRNA produces 200 times more protein: Hope for treatment of cancer and protein disorders
Scientists at Nagoya University have developed a new mRNA technology that can produce up to 200 times more protein than traditional methods. This breakthrough enables the creation of healthy proteins to treat illnesses or toxic proteins to kill unwanted cells.
KAIST develops CamBio - a new biotemplating method
Researchers at KAIST developed CamBio, a biotemplating method utilizing specific intracellular proteins to create functional nanostructures with high tunability. The method enables the selective synthesis of nanostructures from biological samples, showing improved performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate detection.
Study sheds light on the origin of the genetic code
A recent study revises our understanding of the universal genetic code's evolution, suggesting that early life preferred smaller amino acids over larger ones. The researchers found that amino acids with aromatic ring structures were incorporated into the code later than previously thought, offering clues about other extinct genetic codes.
A breakthrough tool for detecting problems during protein synthesis
A novel 'reporter' molecule has been developed to detect ER-related problems during protein synthesis, offering simplicity and robustness against environmental fluctuations. The tool uses a firefly luciferase-based system to identify defects in protein translocation and disulfide bond formation.
LiU researchers make AlphaFold predict very large proteins
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a new version of AlphaFold that can predict the shape of very large and complex protein structures, integrating experimental data. This breakthrough aims to improve the development of new proteins for medical drugs.
Fluorescent molecules to illuminate life: simplified synthesis with formaldehyde
A research team has developed a simplified synthesis method for organic fluorophores using formaldehyde, reducing molecular size and increasing atomic efficiency. The new technique can also be applied to in vivo environments, showing promise for life sciences research and diagnostics applications.
Unraveling the role of tRNA modifying enzyme in brain function
A groundbreaking study reveals how TRMT10A deficiency disrupts protein synthesis, synaptic structure, and function in the brain, leading to impaired cognitive abilities. Researchers found a significant decrease in specific tRNA levels, particularly those essential for initiating protein synthesis.
Proteomic and secretomic analysis reveals cytoskeleton's role in aging
Researchers analyzed young and aged dermal fibroblasts, finding a significant decrease in protein secretion with age. The study also revealed an increase of over 60% in cytoplasmic protein accumulation, highlighting the cytoskeleton's crucial role in skin aging.
How ribosomes in our cells enable protein folding
Researchers have discovered that ribosomes play a crucial role in protein folding, directing folding pathways by impacting energy and stability. This discovery reveals the structural basis of how ribosomes affect protein folding, offering new insights into diseases such as cancers.
A compound produced by symbiotic bacteria promotes in vitro protein synthesis
Researchers at Toyohashi University of Technology discovered a compound called diaphorin that promotes protein synthesis in vitro using Escherichia coli-derived components. The study found that diaphorin targets bacterial gene expression systems, improving the growth and substance production ability of E. coli.
Paving the way for hydrogen from algae enzymes
Researchers have gained new insights into how a specific enzyme, HydF, facilitates the production of hydrogen from algae enzymes. The study reveals the importance of amino acids in anchoring and synthesizing a crucial ligand for hydrogen turnover.
Engineered DNA 'warhead' targets a common cancer mutation
A team of researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University has engineered a short sequence of artificial DNA to target the mutant protein p53-R175H, linked to lung, colorectal, and breast cancers. The new molecule, dp53m, inhibits cancer cell growth and increases sensitivity to chemotherapy agent cisplatin.
Targeting spermidine production to combat emerging drug resistance in Salmonella
Researchers have identified spermidine as a key molecule that helps Salmonella survive inside macrophages by shielding it from oxidative stress. Targeting spermidine production with an FDA-approved drug, DFMO, may weaken the bacteria's ability to cause infection and improve survival rates in mice.
RNA modification is responsible for the disruption of mitochondrial protein synthesis in Alzheimer's disease
Researchers identify TRMT10C enzyme causing methylation of ND5 mRNA, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced energy supply to the brain. Impairment of complex I in the respiratory chain contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathology.
TTUHSC researcher to study new pathway to inhibit protein found in many cancers
Researchers at TTUHSC are studying a new approach to inhibit STAT3, a protein associated with 70% of human tumors. Disrupting STAT3 synthesis on ribosomes could lead to new cancer treatments.
New research demonstrates beef meals result in higher muscle protein synthesis rates than vegan meals
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition found that consuming whole food omnivorous meals with lean beef resulted in significantly higher muscle protein synthesis rates compared to isocaloric and isonitrogenous vegan meals. The research, conducted on healthy older adults, demonstrated a 47% increase in muscle protein synthesis...
New modular flow platform for improved SuFEx click chemistry
Researchers developed a modular flow platform to safely execute SuFEx click chemistry, generating toxic sulfuryl fluoride in a controlled manner. The system facilitates rapid functionalization of small molecules, peptides, and proteins.
Chemical process makes peptide acquire structure similar to amyloid plaques found in neurodegenerative diseases
Scientists identify pyroglutamination, a spontaneous chemical change, in peptide synthesis, leading to an amyloidal structure and potential implications for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The process favors aggregation of molecules, forming plaques that interrupt neuronal flow.
Novel enzyme family could provide insights into bacterial pathogenicity
Researchers have discovered a novel enzyme family related to bacterial pathogenicity in Gram-negative bacteria. The study revealed that enzymes involved in OPG synthesis and regulation play crucial roles in bacterial infection capability.
Scientists uncover COVID’s weakness
Researchers at University of California - Riverside uncover COVID's Achilles heel - its dependence on key human proteins. By understanding how the virus interacts with human cells, a new class of antiviral medication may be developed to block replication and treatment.
Growing evidence supporting the protein leverage hypothesis
The protein leverage hypothesis proposes that a decrease in protein intake due to modern diets drives increased energy consumption. Research supports this idea, showing how protein appetite interacts with processed foods and life stage changes to increase the risk of obesity.
A newly discovered plant gene that helps make apiin: the search ends here
A research team at Ritsumeikan University has identified the elusive ApiT gene in celery, crucial for apiin synthesis. The discovery may pave the way for efficient biosynthesis of apiin, a compound with potential health benefits and medicinal uses.
Novel study shows greater metabolic response to animal versus plant proteins in young and older adults
A novel study found that consuming two oz-eq portions of animal-based versus plant-based protein foods results in different EAA bioavailability. The study, conducted by scientists at Purdue University, included young and older adults, with no differences in EAA bioavailability between age groups.
Turning a health risk into an opportunity – a revolutionary approach to infections
The Bioaction project leverages bacteria as allies in promoting tissue regeneration, offering a paradigm shift in addressing infections. By developing functional bio-hydrogels, the project aims to accelerate healing and stimulate bone growth, reducing reliance on extended antibiotic therapies.
Towards artificial photosynthesis with engineering of protein crystals in bacteria
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have engineered protein crystals in bacteria to produce hybrid solid catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. These catalysts exhibit high activity and stability, with the potential to convert CO2 into formate upon exposure to light.
Drug precursor biosynthesis hinges on carrier-mediated ring formation
Researchers at Hokkaido University unveil unprecedented carrier protein-mediated ring-forming step in actinopyridazone biosynthesis. The dihydropyridazinone ring is formed through a novel machinery involving Apy3, Apy4, and Apy6 proteins.
Pure capped mRNA vaccine opens the door to more effective vaccines with lower chances of inflammation
Researchers have developed a method to produce highly active mRNA vaccines at high purity using a unique cap to easily separate the desired capped mRNA. This 'Purecap' technique extracted up to 100% pure Cap2-type mRNA, which showed improved protein production and lower immunostimulatory activity.
The molecular control centre of our protein factories
Scientists have identified a molecular control centre responsible for processing newly formed proteins correctly when they leave the cell's protein factories. The ribosomal gatekeeper NAC ensures the excision of methionine from specific proteins, preventing cell death.
Researchers uncover how primordial proteins formed on prebiotic earth
Scientists at Tohoku University found that boric acid catalyzes polypeptide synthesis under neutral and acidic conditions, producing up to 39 monomer-long glycine polypeptides. This discovery challenges previous studies suggesting neutral conditions hinder peptide synthesis.
Metformin & leucine prevent cellular senescence & proteostasis disruption
Researchers found that metformin + leucine (MET+LEU) treatment prevents myotube atrophy by reversing cellular senescence and improving proteostasis. The study used C2C12 myoblasts, aged mouse single myofibers, and human primary myotubes to demonstrate MET+LEU's skeletal muscle cell-autonomous properties.
RNA: Don't kill the messenger
A protein complex formed of HuR and YB1 is crucial for messenger RNA stability during muscle-fiber formation. Further research could help scientists influence protein synthesis and develop novel therapeutics for muscle-related pathologies.
How regulatory T cells halt aberrant, self-reactive T cells
Regulatory T cells suppress self-reactive T cells by controlling protein synthesis, maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. A small molecule inhibitor called RocA also shows promise in mitigating inflammatory responses.
LJI scientists solve the mystery of why OGT enzyme is critical for cell survival
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have discovered that OGT regulates mTOR, a key protein for mitochondrial powerhouses, keeping cells healthy. The study may lead to important medical advances in understanding cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Efficient mRNA delivery by branched lipids
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a novel branched ionizable lipid that significantly increases the efficiency of mRNA delivery by LNPs. The new lipid, CL4F 8-6, was found to enhance protein expression in mice and achieve stable formulations.
Rare human intestinal disorder is due to reduction in protein synthesis
Researchers discovered a link between reduced protein synthesis and Feingold syndrome type 1, a rare genetic disorder. The study suggests that a nutritional supplement may help reverse this decrease, potentially alleviating intestinal symptoms in patients with the condition.
Seeing antibiotics in action inside a pathogenic bacterium
Researchers observe atomic-level structural changes in bacterial ribosomes and their response to antibiotics, shedding light on mechanisms of action and potential off-target effects. The study provides new insights into the complex interactions between ribosomes and other cellular complexes.
Coral genome reveals cysteine surprise
The study revealed an alternative pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in animals, using enzymes similar to those found in fungi and bacteria. This challenges the previous assumption that corals rely on symbiotic relationships with algae for cysteine production.
PITT pathway: Pitt scientists discover how cells repair longevity-promoting ‘recycling system’
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have identified a universal mechanism for lysosomal repair, known as the PITT pathway, which helps maintain cellular longevity. The study reveals that damaged lysosomes are quickly repaired through the PITT pathway, but defects in this process can contribute to age-related diseases such as Al...
Mechanistic insights into contact hypersensitivity could pave the way for drug discovery
A study by Japanese researchers from Fujita Health University sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of contact dermatitis, revealing that neutrophil extracellular traps play a key role in the condition. The team's findings suggest that inhibiting NET formation could be a new therapeutic strategy for treating contact dermatitis.
Programming pH
Researchers develop technique to control pH at microsites, enabling high-throughput biomolecular synthesis and enzymatic DNA synthesis. This allows for increased experimental throughput and speeding up processes in DNA synthesis.