Articles tagged with Ribosomal Rna
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A new study by Thomas Jefferson University researchers reveals shared patterns between ribosomal RNAs and genes linked to brain disorders. The study found that these patterns are unique to each organism and shared primarily with genes of the nervous system, including genes for autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia.
The study reveals a spatiotemporal separation in the processing of distinct pre-rRNAs within the nucleolus, contradicting traditional models. The findings suggest that small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA is predominantly processed within the inner FC–PDFC regions, while large subunit (LSU) pre-rRNA matures gradually in the outer PDFC–GC regions.
Scientists have identified a brain molecule called NEAT1 that appears to play a central role in triggering light sensitivity (photophobia) during migraines. By disrupting the normal balance of nerve signaling and pain regulation, NEAT1 makes nerves more sensitive to light.
A new generative AI technique allows for the design of RNA molecules with improved functions, opening up potential for novel therapeutics and diagnostics. The SANDSTORM and GARDN systems enable the prediction and generation of RNA sequences tailored for specific tasks in cells or diagnostic assays.
Two previously unknown ribosome-arresting peptides (RAPs), PepNL and NanCL, were identified in E. coli, inducing translation arrest through a unique mini-hairpin conformation in the exit tunnel of the ribosome. This discovery provides valuable insights into deciphering the hidden genetic codes within polypeptide sequences.
Researchers have discovered RNA pseudouridine as a novel diagnostic target for colorectal cancer. The study found correlations between pseudouridine modifications and clinical markers, enabling potential non-invasive diagnosis. The findings provide a molecular framework for RNA epigenetics-based stratification and targeted interventions.
Researchers discovered that RNA modifications enable fungi to evade drug treatment and become temporarily resistant. This finding could lead to better treatment options against fungal infections by targeting specific RNA modification mechanisms.
A new diagnostic test uses a unique molecular 'finger print' to detect different types of cancer, with near-perfect accuracy, and could lead to earlier detection and improved patient outcomes. The test targets ribosomal RNA molecules, which are modified differently in healthy and diseased tissues.
Researchers found that bacteria like E. coli assemble new ribosomes with altered tags, making them more resistant to antibiotics streptomycin and kasugamycin. This novel mechanism of antibiotic resistance could have significant implications for the fight against global antimicrobial resistance.
Scientists at UChicago developed a new approach to study snoRNAs, uncovering thousands of previously unknown targets in human cells and mouse brain tissues. These discoveries suggest that snoRNAs may have a broader range of functions beyond guiding RNA modifications.
A new study found that 5-fluorouracil kills cells by interfering with RNA synthesis, not DNA damage. The findings suggest that combining 5-FU with drugs affecting RNA synthesis could make it more effective in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology developed a method to precisely control the timing of DNA droplet division, mimicking biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) droplets. This breakthrough enables precise control over synthetic droplet dynamics, key to developing bio-inspired systems.
Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham have discovered that the protein SRSF1 can bind and unfold complex RNA Guanine-quadruplexes. This finding could provide new avenues for treating illnesses such as cancer, which is often linked to misfunctioning splicing processes.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a new ribozyme, R3C ligase, that catalyzes the formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage between two RNA molecules. This finding sheds light on the molecular evolution of RNA and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology.
Researchers at Aarhus University discovered that RNA modification N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) plays a key role in stress granule formation and function. Acetylated transcripts are localized to stress granules, regulating their assembly and dispersal.
A new technique employing a retrotransposon from birds may provide a safer alternative to CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing by inserting genes into a designated 'safe harbor' in the genome. This approach could complement CRISPR technology and enable efficient gene supplementation for hereditary diseases.
Researchers found that the loss of RBFOX2 protein leads to increased cell migration, invasion, tumor development, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. The study suggests alternative RNA splicing plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer progression.
Researchers at Indiana University have completed the final gaps in the Arabidopsis genome sequence, revealing how ribosomal RNA genes are organized and regulated. The study found that one NOR is nearly completely silenced in growing plants, while the other accounts for almost all ribosomal RNA gene activity in its central region.
Researchers used cryoelectron microscopy to visualize how ribosome-modifying enzymes squeeze RNA nucleotides and alter them, leading to drug resistance. The discovery may lead to the design of new antibiotic therapies targeting these enzymes.
A team from the University of Tsukuba has discovered characteristics of proteins in bacteria that convey antibiotic resistance, providing insights into their function and role. These proteins, known as ARE-ABCFs, work in synergy with other resistance mechanisms to convey extremely high levels of antibiotic resistance.
Researchers have discovered the process of incorporating selenium into 25 specialized proteins, essential for various cellular and metabolic processes. The study provides critical insights into the workings of these vital mechanisms, which could lead to the development of new medical therapies.
Researchers studied peptide bond formation between tRNA molecules and a ribosomal RNA segment, revealing the potential for minihelices to bind to the primordial peptidyl transferase center. The study suggests that functional interactions between tRNA and PTC could have been 'revised' in evolution.
A team of scientists led by Karine Le Roch has identified two proteins, RAP01 and RAP21, crucial to the malaria parasite's survival. Knocking down these proteins can interrupt protein translation in the mitochondria, leading to the parasite's death.
A new bacterial strain, Noda2021, belonging to Candidatus phylum Dependentiae has been isolated and sequenced, revealing its genetic material and potential ecological significance. This discovery sheds light on the diversity of microorganisms in Japan's microbiological hotspots.
A genome study found significant variation in human ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes based on geographic ancestry, particularly in the 28S rRNA segment. This discovery suggests that these variants may be important for understanding cancer development and functionally assessing their impact on ribosome functions.
University of Michigan scientists found that RNAs associated with an understudied cell compartment in hippocampal neurons vary greatly between sleeping and sleep-deprived mice after learning. These changes are present almost exclusively on ribosomes associated with neuronal cell membranes, suggesting a novel mechanism for memory storage.
Researchers used a yeast model to understand the dynamics of early-stage ribosomal subunit assembly, discovering snR190 functions as an RNA chaperone. The study also identified Dbp7 as the enzyme responsible for dissociating snR190 from ribosomal RNA precursors.
Researchers at UNIGE deciphered the genetic mechanisms controlling protein synthesis speed, revealing a dynamic observation technique called ribosome profiling. This method showed that regulatory factors modulate translation rate, affecting protein structure and aggregation.
A newly-discovered non-coding RNA molecule regulates protein translation in trypanosoma parasites, a key finding with potential applications in treating and preventing diseases such as sleeping sickness. The discovery sheds light on the previously unknown function of rRNA introns and may lead to the development of novel medications.
Researchers found that hypoxia upregulates RNA polymerase I activity and alters ribosomal RNA methylation patterns, leading to the creation of specialized ribosomes that can differentially regulate translation of specific messenger RNAs. The study supports a long-debated postulate that ribosomal protein factories can be reprogrammed in...
Cryo-electron microscopy study reveals how an enzyme synthesizes ribosomal RNA at different speeds depending on the bacteria's growth rate, providing insights into the regulation of this process and its importance in E. coli cells.
Researchers developed phyloFlash to analyze SSU rRNA from raw metagenome data, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. The user-friendly software identifies organisms in simple communities with high reliability.
Researchers at LMU Munich uncover 'molting' process of 90S precursor to small 40S subunit, shedding Russian doll analogy on ribosome maturation. The study sheds new light on the complex process of protein synthesis and its importance in maintaining cellular equilibrium.
Researchers discovered the structure of ZCCHC4, an RNA-modifying enzyme linked to cancer, enabling structure-based drug design against liver and other cancers. The study sheds light on how this enzyme controls protein synthesis and cell proliferation.
A research team led by Jonas Barandun has discovered a near-atomic model of the smallest known eukaryotic cytoplasmic ribosome found in microsporidia. The study reveals that microsporidian ribosomes have lost essential genes and expansion segments, allowing them to survive with a highly compacted genome.
A novel host antiviral factor named Shiftless has been identified that inhibits programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in viruses. Shiftless interacts with the -1PRF signal RNA and translating ribosomes to stall the ribosome at the -1PRF site, leading to premature translation termination.
Late-stage assembly intermediates of the human small ribosomal subunit have been structurally characterized, revealing detailed insights into their maturation principles. The findings suggest that the assembly sequence is controlled by biogenesis factors and involves several defined steps.
Researchers found that Target of Rapamycin (TOR) modulates chloroplast rRNA transcription, linking cytosolic and chloroplast ribosome biogenesis in plants. This discovery sheds light on the regulation of growth in plant cells.
Researchers identified a rare neurological disorder linked to an excess of ribosomal RNA, causing developmental regression and neurodegeneration. The study found that the same genetic change caused the condition in all affected children, paving the way for potential therapies to silence the mutant gene.
Researchers from Harvard Medical School mathematically demonstrated that ribosomes are precisely structured to produce additional ribosomes as quickly as possible. This structure explains why they have a large number of small, uniformly sized proteins and varying RNA strands.
Researchers analyzed genomes from 1,167 bacterial species, finding that the number of copies of ribosomal RNA genes predicts growth rate and efficiency. The study provides insights into microbial strategies for rapid or efficient growth, with implications for predicting behavior in response to human activities.
A new understanding of protein creation based on RNA recipes reveals great precision in cell diversity and efficiency in ribosome reading. The research also sheds light on the interaction between ribosomes and RNA during tumor formation, potentially leading to better treatments.
The team determined the three-dimensional structure of RlmN protein from Escherichia coli bacteria, capturing it during a normally transient event. The discovery sheds light on RlmN's function in modifying RNA molecules that are crucial for bacterial infections and potential antibiotic resistance.
A new method called RiboTaper helps to clarify the function of unknown genes by analyzing sequencing data. By filtering out background noise, researchers can determine which genes are actively producing proteins and identify specific points on RNA where significant events occur.
Scientists have found evidence that ribosomes are not just passive translators of DNA but also have their own genetic information and may be responsible for creating proteins. The discovery challenges traditional views on the evolution of life and suggests a new spin on feeling kinship with other creatures.
Researchers found pseudouridylation of mRNA in yeast and humans, increasing mRNA stability under heat shock conditions. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human diseases associated with PUS gene mutations.
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered a specialized system that enables the synthesis of ribosomal proteins, which are crucial for producing life-sustaining proteins. This finding has significant implications for understanding cell growth and development, and may lead to new treatments for diseases such as cancer.
Biologists at UC San Diego found the missing link to protein factory production, revealing a novel regulatory system that produces ribosomal proteins. This discovery provides new insights into controlling cell growth and potentially treating diseases like cancer.
Researchers have identified hundreds of open reading frames in long non-coding RNAs that may give rise to functional proteins using ribosome profiling. The method allowed direct quantification of messenger RNA fragments protected by the ribosome, revealing translated small open reading frames.
Researchers have made a computer app to spot and decode the unique footprints in yeast DNA, revealing an intricately choreographed dance of ribosomal RNA genes. This discovery enables biologists to track evolutionary relationships between different species using these tiny changes.
A new study reports that the ribosome's small subunit assembles itself through a dynamic interaction between proteins and RNA. The team discovered that a specific protein plays a crucial role in this process, allowing for the binding of subsequent proteins.
Scientists at EMBL have discovered that pairs of tags are added to RNA molecules in a specific order, helping control folding and ribosome formation. This complex choreography allows cells to precisely regulate protein factories.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered a unique way in which naked mole rats build proteins, leading to nearly perfect protein structures and reduced error rates. This breakthrough could one day lead to pharmaceutical treatments that improve protein synthesis in humans.
The study reveals that noncoding 5S rRNA regulates the Hdm2-p53 checkpoint, allowing p53 to rise and induce cell death. This discovery suggests an ancient evolutionary link between ribosome biogenesis and cancer.
Researchers found that proteins and RNA molecules evolved together, contradicting the long-held 'RNA World' hypothesis. The study suggests that proteins were present before ribosomal RNAs were recruited to aid in protein synthesis.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a PCR-free technique using the PhyloChip to identify the most metabolically active microbes in a sample. This allows for reliable and affordable analysis of microbial communities in various environments.
A Scripps Research Institute scientist has discovered a molecular switch controlling protein synthesis in ribosomes, which could lead to potential treatments for cancer and other diseases. The study suggests that regulating this process may help prevent disease states such as Alzheimer's and diabetes.
Research published in BMC Microbiology found that eating apples regularly can increase beneficial bacteria in the gut, producing short-chain fatty acids and butyrate. These findings suggest a link between apple consumption and improved digestive health.
Research on clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Malaysian patients revealed low prevalence rates and specific mutations. The study found transitions of adenine to guanine at positions 2142 and 2143 of the 23S rRNA gene, detectable through restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.
Nucleolar dominance is a phenomenon where an entire parental set of ribosomal RNA genes are silenced in hybrid plants or animals. Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding this process, which may have important implications for cancer research.