Articles tagged with Rna Transcripts
Scientists have discovered that cellular RNA can be used to repair DNA breaks in yeast, providing a novel mechanism of genetic recombination. This process reveals the existence of a new way for cells to maintain their genome stability, which could potentially lead to new treatments for genetic diseases.
Researchers at UC Davis have sequenced the genome of Solanum pennellii, a wild relative of the domestic tomato. The new data reveals genes related to drought resistance, fruit development, and flavor compounds.
Researchers found that all coding and non-coding RNAs originate at the same locations along the human genome. This discovery may help pinpoint genetic origins of complex diseases, which often reside outside coding regions.
A new study led by Stowers Institute researchers reveals the Little Elongation Complex (LEC) as a critical component of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) transcription. LEC's unique 'Swiss Army knife' function is required for both initiation and elongation phases of snRNA transcription, shedding light on gene expression and regulation.
A comprehensive transcriptome analysis of human ENCODE cells reveals widespread RNA transcripts and epigenetic links, assigning biochemical functions to 80% of the human genome. The study provides powerful data sets for delineating functional elements across the human genome.
Researchers at UC Davis found that R-loops prevent methylation at CG island promoters, which are essential for 60% of human genes. This breakthrough could lead to treatments for autoimmune diseases by reversing cytosine methylation.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that circular RNA molecules are more abundant than previously thought, comprising a substantial fraction of all transcripts identified for many genes. This discovery opens up new avenues for research into the potential functions and relevance of circular RNAs in human biology and health.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory discovered that two non-coding RNAs, MENε and MENβ, trigger the formation of nuclear subcompartments called paraspeckles. Paraspeckles are believed to serve as storage depots for pre-made protein-coding RNA, allowing cells to respond faster to stress.
Researchers at University of Maryland provide new insight into the initiation phase of bacterial gene transcription, showing a three-step process involving RNA polymerase and DNA bending. The study confirms experimental observations and establishes an active role for RNA polymerase in the process.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine measure transcription stages in real-time, revealing inefficient first two stages with only 1% polymerases remaining. Elongation phase takes 517 seconds, while pausing and rapid synthesis may regulate gene expression.
The new model integrates data from various studies to describe transcription termination as a complex process involving multiple regulatory factors. Key findings include the identification of essential genes and regulatory elements involved in controlling transcription termination.
Researchers at Scripps Research and GNF develop a strategy to identify functions of noncoding RNAs, which are abundant in human cells. The team screened a library of noncoding RNAs and identified eight that appeared to have functional roles, including one that regulates nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling.
Researchers at Stanford Medicine have made groundbreaking discoveries about the structure of RNA polymerase, a crucial enzyme in gene expression. The team's findings reveal intricate details about the enzyme's interactions with helper molecules and DNA, providing a deeper understanding of transcription and protein production.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill found a previously unknown binding site on RNA polymerase, dramatically increasing the speed of DNA-to-RNA conversion. This discovery has significant implications for understanding gene expression and regulation in cells, particularly in cancer research.