Articles tagged with Transfer Rna
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Heather Pua, an assistant professor at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, has received a 2019 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director's New Innovator Award. She will investigate the role of extracellular RNAs in allergic airway inflammation, with potential implications for new therapies and diagnostics.
A new study from Western University found that tRNA gene mutations can cause misreading of the genetic code, leading to protein malfunction. Researchers discovered an average of 66 variants in tRNA genes among individuals in London, Ontario, suggesting a potential link between these mutations and human diseases such as Alzheimer's.
Scientists found that honey bees share immunity with each other and their offspring through RNA 'vaccines' transmitted via royal jelly. This discovery could lead to new ways to protect bees against viruses and diseases.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have discovered a way to target both of a bacteria's defenses with one hit, weakening its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. By interfering with a specific type of tRNA molecule, the team was able to make bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics.
Researchers developed a novel gene therapy approach that utilizes engineered transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to suppress nonsense mutations. This technology has the potential to correct 10-15% of inherited genetic diseases, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis.
A new mechanism has been discovered that allows eukaryotic cells to synthesize proteins absent in prokaryotes, leading to the enrichment of genes coding for transfer RNAs involved in this process. This finding may lead to the development of strategies to inhibit protein production in diseases caused by their overabundance.
Researchers from the University of Chicago have developed a high-throughput RNA sequencing strategy to study the activity of the gut microbiome. The new tools analyze transfer RNA, allowing scientists to understand the activity of naturally occurring microbiomes and study their responses to environmental changes.
Researchers used next-generation RNA sequencing to investigate mitochondrial tRNAs in patients with MERRF, a common inherited disorder. The study found quantitative changes in tRNA abundance and methyl modifications that affect protein synthesis within mitochondria.
The study reveals that cells adjust tRNA abundance to optimize protein production in stressful situations, suggesting a new regulatory mechanism. This mechanism may play a vital role in preventing the proliferation of tumors by selectively modifying translation rates.
Researchers from University of North Carolina and University of Auckland have made a significant advance in resolving the mystery of genetic translation. Their analysis reveals previously hidden rules by which key translational molecules interact, suggesting that simpler ancestors of these molecules worked together at the dawn of life.
Prof. Doron Lancet and colleagues propose a new chemical model that supports the 'Lipid World' concept, where lipids can store and transmit information, leading to compositional reproduction and Darwinian evolution. The researchers argue that life could emerge before DNA and RNA.
Recent studies suggest tRNAs and tRNA fragments are involved in cellular processes associated with diseases such as cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative disorders. Dr. Todd Lowe's lab is characterizing all 500 human tRNA genes to determine their roles in the cell.
Researchers at UCLA have successfully transferred a memory from one marine snail to another by injecting RNA, creating an artificial memory. The study could lead to new ways to lessen the trauma of painful memories and restore lost ones.
A study published in eNeuro demonstrates that memories can be transferred between organisms by extracting ribonucleic acid (RNA) from a trained animal and injecting it into an untrained animal. This finding provides new clues in the search for the physical basis of memory.
Researchers aim to determine when the pause in transcription first appeared in evolution by studying various organisms and plant life. They hope this investigation will help narrow down the origin of the pause, shedding light on how complicated life arose on Earth.
Scientists have built a computational microscope that can simulate atomic and subatomic forces driving molecular interactions. The tool streamlines efforts to understand chemistry, model large systems, and develop new pharmaceutical agents.
Researchers discovered that taurine is essential for protein synthesis in mitochondria, and its deficiency leads to severe neurological disorders. Maintaining protein quality also improves symptoms, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach with TUDCA.
A recent study found that tRNA fragments in mosquitoes can modulate their ability to transmit viral diseases to humans. The researchers identified 55 tRNA-derived fragments with varying expression patterns across different strains and developmental stages.
Scientists have discovered a vital quality control mechanism in mitochondria, crucial for constructing a functional respiratory chain. A faulty enzyme can attach incorrect amino acids to transfer RNA, leading to protein synthesis errors and hereditary diseases.
Researchers have identified ten times more new genes on the Y chromosome than previously thought in fruit flies. These genes appear to have taken on important functions, raising questions about their durability and potential impact on species.
Researchers successfully isolated cells in microgravity using standard protocols, paving the way for genetic and omics studies on the International Space Station. This breakthrough could enable faster diagnosis of illnesses in astronauts, potentially saving lives.
A team from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered small RNA fragments that protect the genome from retrotransposons during epigenetic reprogramming in preimplantation embryos. These fragments, consisting of 18 and 22 nucleotides, are perfect complements of sequences within retrotransposons.
Researchers from UCL, Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital suggest a single chemical mechanism for forming both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. They demonstrate that these molecules can be assembled on the same sugar scaffold to form RNA, providing a solution to a long-standing challenge in understanding the origins of life.
Rice University scientists have developed a new technique to label proteins in cells using bio-orthogonal tags, allowing for high spatial and temporal control. The technique uses an engineered switch that only charges tRNA with the tag when prompted, providing a snapshot of total protein synthesis in the cell.
Researchers found that E. coli toxins bind to elongation factor Tu and another protein EF-Ts to target specific tRNA molecules, inhibiting cell growth and leading to diarrhea or hemorrhagic colitis in humans.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute discovered that a human enzyme has evolved to change its shape and function without major architectural changes. This unique ability allows the enzyme to carry out new roles in humans, shedding light on diseases linked to mutations in aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
Researchers investigate how queuine, produced by gut bacteria, affects breast cancer risk and growth. High levels of queuine-modified tRNAs may speed up protein production in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Scientists have discovered an enzyme called ALKBH1 that can remove molecular modifications from transfer RNA (tRNA), causing a measurable effect on protein translation in the cell. This finding sheds new light on how cells control gene expression and suggests that tRNA influences cellular processes beyond protein translation.
Researchers have engineered a novel, virus-like shell that can self-assemble and carry therapeutic DNA or RNA into human cells. This breakthrough could advance gene therapy treatments for rare genetic diseases and common conditions like diabetes.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a new method to analyze the process of RNA transfer from viruses into human cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new drugs that prevent this precise RNA transfer.
New research suggests that fluctuations in tRNA levels can have a dramatic impact on cellular function, driving metastatic breast cancer. The study found that two specific tRNAs were associated with increased metastasis, leading to changes in gene expression and protein production.
A study by IRB Barcelona reveals the genetic code stopped evolving at 20 amino acids due to limitations in tRNA molecules. The researchers explain that new amino acids can't be introduced without causing problems with protein synthesis and translation.
The team determined the three-dimensional structure of RlmN protein from Escherichia coli bacteria, capturing it during a normally transient event. The discovery sheds light on RlmN's function in modifying RNA molecules that are crucial for bacterial infections and potential antibiotic resistance.
A team of researchers has created the first comprehensive in vivo fitness landscape of a gene, which provides a way to visualize and predict evolution. The findings show that about 1 percent of point mutations are beneficial to an organism, while 42 percent are harmful, and two harmful mutations interacting can lead to more harm.
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have developed a new RNA sequencing technique that reveals an abundance of modified fragments derived from transfer RNA molecules in both yeast and human cells. This discovery opens up a rapidly growing area of RNA research, increasing the detection of transfer RNA fragments by three-fold.
Researchers discovered a new category of tRNA fragments that depend on individual characteristics, including race, gender, and population. The analysis also found that tRNA fragments have regulatory roles in cellular processes and differ between tissues, disease subtypes, and individuals.
A new genetic 'switch' device can detect damaging contaminants like TNT, offering a cheaper and easier method for cleaning up post-war explosive chemicals. The system is cell-free, specific, and requires minimal expertise, but further research is needed to refine its sensitivity.
Researchers have discovered a new species of tRNA-derived small RNAs, called SHOT-RNAs, that contribute to cell proliferation in hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancers. These findings suggest a new role for tRNAs and potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of these cancers.
University of North Carolina researchers provide evidence that amino acids evolved into proteins, and single cells formed plants and animals. The close linkage between the physical properties of amino acids, genetic code, and protein folding is crucial to life's origins.
Researchers at Rockefeller University found that short stretches of genetic material called tRNA fragments can reduce the growth and spread of breast cancer cells. These fragments bind to a key player in the life cycle of cancer cells, known as an oncogene, reducing its ability to promote cell division and metastasis.
Researchers from Scripps Research Institute have discovered a unique mechanism of borrelidin, a natural product with wide-ranging antifungal, antibacterial, anti-malaria and anti-cancer effects. The study sheds light on the compound's inhibition of protein synthesis by occupying four distinct subsites on tRNA synthetase.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have discovered a new quality control mechanism where RNAs proofread themselves, ensuring proteins are made correctly. The CCA-adding enzyme uses a screw-like motion to add CCA groups to tRNAs, and the RNA itself determines whether to allow further additions.
Researchers found that resveratrol activates an ancient stress response in human cells, activating key genes like p53 and FOXO3A. This pathway may explain how moderate red wine consumption could provide health benefits.
Scientists found that a trace nutrient can cause genome-wide changes to how organisms encode proteins, boosting speed and accuracy. The nutrient's availability determines which codons are optimal for protein production, leading to widespread genetic changes.
A team of researchers found nearly double the number of genomic loci that might be coding for transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in humans, with most resembling mitochondrial tRNAs. The discovery suggests unexpected new links between the human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have studied the molecular structure of mitoribosomes, revealing new details about how proteins are synthesized. The findings will help design antibiotics that target only bacterial ribosomes, improving their effectiveness in treating human diseases.
Researchers found pseudouridylation of mRNA in yeast and humans, increasing mRNA stability under heat shock conditions. This discovery has significant implications for understanding human diseases associated with PUS gene mutations.
Researchers at Jackson Laboratory pinpoint a new mechanism behind neurodegeneration in mice, linked to a mutation in the tRNA gene n-Tr20. The study reveals that individual tRNA genes can be tissue-specifically expressed, leading to disease or modifying phenotypes.
Researchers from RIKEN and the University of Tokyo identified a surprising mechanism for accurate protein synthesis through crystallographic studies. The enzyme alanyl-tRNA synthetase precisely identifies proper tRNA molecules using a geometric feature, allowing cells to accurately translate genetic code into essential proteins.
A new genetic brain disorder has been discovered in humans, caused by a mutation in the CLP1 gene. The disorder affects the human nervous system and is characterized by reduced brain size, sensory and motor defects, and neuronal death.
Researchers have identified a new genetic brain disorder associated with degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous systems, caused by a mutation in the CLP1 gene. The condition is characterized by reduced brain size, sensory and motor defects, seizures, brain atrophy, and neuronal death.
Researchers found a rare RNA 'edit' in Trypanosoma brucei that changes genetic information necessary for protein production, and splicing is required for functionality. The discovery has significant implications for understanding coding sequences and potential drug targets.
Researchers analyzed aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and found ancient domains linked to dipeptide formation, indicating protein flexibility played a role in genetic code emergence
Researchers at UC Santa Cruz have trapped the ribosome in a key transitional state, allowing them to see how it translates genetic code into proteins without mistakes. Understanding this process is crucial for developing new antibiotics and has significant implications for the origin of life.
A study by Georgia Tech researchers reveals that RNA can catalyze single electron transfer in oxygen-free environments with the assistance of iron. This process suggests that complex biochemical transformations may have been possible when life began on Earth, and could even revive a latent function of RNA.
Researchers at Indiana University have discovered a rare genetic interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA that reduces reproductive fitness and delays development in fruit flies. This finding has important implications for understanding genetically complex human diseases, such as neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at The Scripps Research Institute have solved the high-resolution structure of halofuginone, a compound derived from Chang Shan, shedding light on its biological process. This discovery could lead to the development of new drugs targeting aminoacylation, a crucial step in protein synthesis.
Researchers show tRNA synthetases, essential in protein production, can also regulate transcription through a single chemical alteration, with implications for immune response and cancer. This transformation may lead to new treatments for allergies and cancer.
A new study reveals how cells exploit gene sequences to survive toxic attacks by rapidly producing proteins that counteract the harm. The research found that toxic stresses reprogram the tRNA modifications to divert the cell's protein-building machinery away from routine activities to emergency action.
Researchers found that protons can transfer without hydrogen bonds, involving significant rearrangements of molecular fragments. Methyl groups on uracil dimers played a crucial role in enabling this process.