Articles tagged with Transporter Proteins
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The study reveals a two-finger switch-off mechanism for Rab proteins, which control transport operations between different areas of a cell. This mechanism accelerates GTP cleavage over five orders of magnitude and has potential applications in developing small molecules to switch off mutated GTPases involved in tumour formation.
A new study reveals that clathrin protein moonlights as a key player in cell division, shedding light on the process and potential links to cancer. By deleting clathrin from cells, researchers found that it stabilizes centrosomes, which are essential for proper chromosome segregation.
A new transport protein, ABCD4, has been identified as responsible for the transfer of vitamin B12 from lysosomes into cells. This discovery provides evidence for another cause of hereditary vitamin B12 deficiency and enables diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers from the University of Sheffield and Harvard Medical School have made a groundbreaking discovery on the TREX protein system, which acts as a passport for mRNA transport. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for cancer, Motor Neuron Disease, and myotonic dystrophy.
Researchers from RUB have dynamically measured ATP splitting in membrane protein MsbA for the first time, tracking minute changes in the protein and its interaction with ATP. This study provides important clues on how the protein moves during ATP hydrolysis, laying the foundation for further investigation into whole membrane proteins.
Researchers discovered a mutation in the p150glued protein linked to hereditary motor neuropathy 7B (HMN7B) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disrupting cargo transport in neurons. The study found that when this protein is compromised, control of cargo transport is lost, leading to disease.
Researchers discovered the structure of type VI secretion system apparatus and proposed how it works by firing spring-loaded molecular daggers. The nano-weapon can pierce cell membranes and inject proteins, evading detection for decades with traditional electron microscopy.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum found that enzymes are only imported into peroxisomes when their transport proteins are recycled. This discovery supports the export-driven-import model and sheds light on the complex process of protein import.
Researchers at University of Bristol have successfully mapped the molecular gateway across cellular membranes, revealing the mechanism responsible for protein secretion. The study, published in Cell Reports, provides a major breakthrough in cell biology, shedding light on how proteins are transported across membranes.
A team of researchers has provided the most detailed look ever at the proteasome regulatory particle, a critical component in cellular waste disposal. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding protein quality control and potentially treating diseases like cancer.
A team of researchers has identified a protein that facilitates the radial transport of calcium ions from the root to the shoot, resolving a long-standing mystery. This breakthrough could lead to new strategies for preventing blossom end rot and other nutrient deficiencies in crops.
A Wayne State University research team is working on a roadmap for identifying novel therapeutic targets to restore function to the mutated CFTR protein in cystic fibrosis patients. The goal is to alleviate severe lung and bowel problems associated with the disease.
Researchers build a simple model system to study laws of 'absorbing states' in active systems, where energy is continuously consumed but movement stops. Complex structures form with perfectly shaped rings made up of millions of individual fibers.
Researchers have found that a membrane protein interacts with a single soluble protein to anchor the subunits of light-harvesting complexes in the membrane. The new model proposes the formation of a pore for protein transport, supporting the integration into the membrane.
Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum discovered a new enzyme, Ubp15p, that collaborates with motor proteins to convert the protein transport machinery back into its initial condition. The enzyme detaches a specific signal sequence from a protein, allowing for recycling and reuse.
Researchers from RUB-Department of Biophysics elucidated the proton pump mechanism of a cell-membrane protein in atomic detail, revealing that protein-bound water molecules play a decisive role. A chain of only three water molecules is formed for just a few thousandths of a second to transfer protons into the interior of the protein.
Scientists have discovered how bacteria produce and secrete pili, which help them attach to human cells and cause infection. The research provides new insights into the mechanism of pilus formation and suggests potential targets for antibacterial drugs.
Scientists have developed an instrument that tracks protein conformation and translocation with nanoscale precision. This breakthrough enables researchers to study proteins that regulate DNA replication and transcription, revealing new insights into their mechanisms.
The study completes the film frame of transporters' conformations, enabling understanding of diseases like cistinuria and design of drugs targeting cancer cells. New knowledge will help design inhibitors to affect amino acid uptake by cancer cells.
Researchers discovered that removing ZIP proteins protects brain cells from seizures and other insults. Zinc enters cells through ZIP transporters, and its removal is an effective way to protect memory circuits.
Research scientists unravel a regulation pathway for shade avoidance syndrome, where auxin hormone accumulation enhances growth in shaded plants. The transport protein PIN3 enables auxin formation, promoting shoot elongation and upward movement of leaves.
Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered that the uptake protein ZIP acts like a door, facilitating zinc entry into cells. Zinc is crucial for cellular growth and health, and understanding its uptake could lead to breakthroughs in biomedical and energy research.
A study found that the presence of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may indicate higher disease activity and create a barrier to DMARDs. BCRP was detected in 41% of RA patient samples, suggesting it could be a predictive marker for treatment resistance.
Scientists have outlined the molecular mechanism of membrane transport, revealing how proteins transform shape to transport substances across cell membranes. This new understanding may lead to better treatments for depression and substance abuse by targeting specific transporter proteins.
Researchers at TUM and LMU investigate kinesin-2, a fast motor protein that transports cellular cargoes along microtubules. They find that KLP11 has an autoinhibition mechanism that allows it to control its speed and function in the cell.
Cells use a simple principle to control protein localization, ensuring high order and avoiding chaos. By adding a lipid anchor to proteins, cells direct them to specific destinations, and then remove the anchor to prevent misdirection.
Researchers have captured the 3D atomic models of a single transporter protein in its three main structural states, revealing the 'alternating access' mechanism. This discovery offers a detailed understanding of the function of essential chemicals entering cells and creates opportunities for developing new drugs.
A study published in Molecular and Cellular Proteomics identified 57 proteins that change during diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction, including those involved in cell death, fat metabolism, and sex hormone transport. These findings may lead to new diagnostic tools and drug targets for treating ED in diabetic patients.
Scientists at EMBL have visualized the molecular mechanism responsible for oskar mRNA transport in Drosophila. By combining immunofluorescence with electron microscopy imaging, they defined a hierarchy of RNA particle assembly. This breakthrough sheds light on development and neuronal function, including synaptic plasticity and learnin...
Researchers have uncovered the critical action shapshot of an enzyme known as the Rho transcription termination factor, a remarkable class of ring-shaped protein motors. The study reveals a rotary engine-like mechanism that enables the motor to selectively terminate transcription at discrete points along the genome.
Researchers found that the number of cracks in the membrane determines how many proteins are bound, contradicting earlier ideas about affinity. This knowledge could lead to a better understanding of cellular processes and diseases such as depression and Alzheimer's.
A new structure of the zinc transporter protein has been revealed, showing how it senses and regulates zinc levels in cells. The discovery suggests an auto-regulatory mechanism for zinc transport and may lead to the development of treatments for diseases like seizure disorders or diabetes.
A Princeton-led team has discovered how some antibiotics kill bacteria by jamming the translocator, a protein-producing machine. The researchers also found that a specific protein called YccA protects the translocator from destruction, similar to a human protein of interest in cancer research.
Researchers have isolated a unique protein that affects both gene expression and protein transport, which may lead to new medicine treatments. The findings could provide insights into various biological processes, including cell movement and neural networking.
Researchers have discovered a mode of action for mysterious protein snarls found in Alzheimer's patients, suggesting a combination therapy approach. The findings identify two proteins, amyloid beta and tau tangles, that wreak havoc on the nervous system, causing neural function loss and memory decline.
Researchers have determined the atomic-level structure of botulinum neurotoxin subtype E, revealing a unique arrangement that may help explain its faster-acting properties. This finding could lead to the development of faster-acting vaccines and therapeutic agents.
Researchers have visualized the structure of a protein called Microbacterium hydantoin permease, which helps bacteria take up specific molecules from their surroundings. The study reveals how the protein opens and closes to allow molecules across the membrane, with implications for understanding human cell function.
Mussels have an active physiological barrier in their gills that protects them from harmful substances in the water. The two recently discovered proteins, both ABC transporters, ensure that substances that don't belong in the cell are transported out again.
Scientists have identified the protein SR-B1 as responsible for transporting lutein and zeaxanthin, two nutrients that may help prevent macular degeneration. The study found that blocking the protein's action significantly reduced the cells' absorption of these nutrients.
Researchers at Montana State University have created the first three-dimensional map of the Steap3 protein, which regulates iron absorption. This breakthrough could lead to the development of targeted drugs for hemochromatosis and iron deficiency conditions.
Researchers have uncovered the structure of a protein complex responsible for adding sugar molecules to proteins, crucial for many protein functions. The discovery may help understand diseases resulting from faulty glycosylation processes.
A new study reveals a mechanism of regulating protein transport in neurons, where tau proteins act as smart speed bumps to regulate the movement of dynein and kinesin proteins. This finding provides insight into neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, which arise from impaired shipping systems.
The Biophysical Society has announced the winners of its student travel award for presenting at the Joint Meeting in Long Beach, California. The recipients include researchers from top universities worldwide, who will receive a travel grant and be recognized at a reception.
Researchers studied voltage-gated potassium channels, revealing features that could lead to medical breakthroughs in synthetic drug design. In contrast, a study found that large lipid rafts are not observed in live cells due to protein obstacles.
A Penn State research team discovered that blocking km23, a traffic cop protein, disrupts the transport of a signaling component to the nucleus, leading to reduced gene expression and cell growth. The findings may lead to diagnostic tools and earlier treatments for ovarian cancer.
Using advanced computer simulations and X-ray data, researchers unraveled the complex interplay of proteins involved in outer membrane transport. The study revealed that TonB-dependent transporter (TBDT) is unable to withstand forces needed to pull the luminal domain away from the barrel.
A novel video-imaging system reveals that slow component-b proteins, involved in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, exhibit rapid bursts of movement followed by pauses. Multiple slow proteins are also transported together as 'packets,' piggy-backing on molecular motors, suggesting a potential carpooling mechanism.
Researchers at University of Toronto developed a device to test for proteins involved in human health and disease, revealing potential targets for pharmaceutical applications. The study identified six new protein interactors that regulate ABC transporter function, providing insights into diseases like cystic fibrosis and drug resistance.
Researchers at Texas A&M University have identified a specific protein transport process involved in a rare form of early blindness, known as choroideremia. The study suggests that therapies targeting the neighboring retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) may rescue photoreceptor loss and even reverse the disease.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago have solved the structure of the iron regulatory protein-RNA complex, which regulates iron transport and storage in cells. The complex has two forms with distinct functions, and its unique arrangement allows it to bind RNA with high affinity.
Researchers at MPI-CBG defined the distance between Kinesin-1 and microtubules, explaining how it avoids collisions. This finding sheds light on refined motor proteins' ability to navigate cells efficiently.
A defective protein transport pathway in zebrafish has been linked to severe skeletal deformities and craniofacial defects. The discovery provides a new animal model for studying the rare human syndrome CLSD, which shares strikingly similar defects.
Researchers identified VCP/pr 97 as the protein responsible for destroying defective CFTR in cells, and used RNA interference to block its production. This approach restored chloride transport function and reduced inflammation, offering new hope for cystic fibrosis treatments.
Researchers at Whitehead Institute identified a critical biological pathway responsible for Parkinson's symptoms and developed a treatment to repair it. Increasing levels of a transport protein restored normal neurological function in animal models, including fruit flies, worms, and rats with alpha-synuclein-induced Parkinson's symptoms.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals that polyQ-AR, a mutated protein in Kennedy disease, inhibits fast axonal transport by activating JNK enzyme. This inhibition leads to selective neuron death and loss of motor neurons.
Researchers Paolo De Los Rios and Pierre Goloubinoff identified a simple mechanism for molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding and translocation, resolving a long-standing controversy. Their 'Entropic Pulling' theory combines thermodynamic principles with the laws of physics to explain Hsp70's activity.
Advanced imaging techniques allow researchers to visualize and analyze the protein-conducting channel with unprecedented detail. The study reveals new insights into the structure and function of this complex biological system.
Researchers uncover 65 protein tags that can be used to force proteins to the cell surface, potentially revolutionizing drug and vaccine development. The discovery may help overcome obstacles in studying important proteins, such as those detecting odors or faulty in cystic fibrosis.
Researchers have discovered that phospholipids, a crucial component of cell membranes, directly influence the folding of membrane proteins. The absence of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) led to misfolding and reduced protein activity in E. coli bacteria.
Researchers challenge traditional model of mRNA translation with discovery of EF-G's binding to GDP and its role as a GTP exchange factor. The ribosome plays a dual role in guanine-nucleotide exchange and GTPase-activation, leading to partial translocation of the mRNA.