Articles tagged with Astrocytes
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The study found that astrocyte hyperactivity is caused by energy carriers like ATP, leading to calcium fluctuations and changes in brain perfusion. The research suggests a novel potential approach for treating Alzheimer's disease by mitigating the hyperactivity of these cells.
Researchers have created a new mouse model that allows them to study human glia in live animals, enabling the development of potential treatments for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The study found that the JC virus targets astrocytes, leading to inflammation and cell death, which can trigger PML.
Researchers found that aging astrocytes lose ability to protect motor neurons, but replacing old cells with engineered protein improves neuron survival. A specially engineered protein called GDNF increases motor neuron survival when cultured with aging astrocytes.
A recent study published in Nature Neuroscience found that digoxin, a medication used to treat heart failure, may have a strong effect on treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by blocking an enzyme that destroys nerve cells. The research suggests that reducing the activity of this enzyme or limiting its production can prevent th...
Researchers at Lund University have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which the brain produces new nerve cells after a stroke. Astrocytes, support cells in the brain, can form immature nerve cells that mature into functional neurons.
Scientists have developed a genetically engineered mouse line that allows them to study calcium levels in living brain cells, enabling new research on epilepsy, Alzheimer's, and other neurological diseases. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for new treatments and a deeper understanding of the immune system's role in brain function.
Astrocytes play a vital role in controlling gamma oscillations, which are essential for higher-level brain function and memory. The study found that disabling astrocytes disrupts gamma waves and impairs novel object recognition memory.
The development of the retinal vascular system follows specific rules and is spatially and temporally consistent with retinal neuron function. Astrocyte-vascular wall cell interactions lead to the maturation of the blood-retinal barrier, a crucial component in maintaining retinal health.
Scientists identify astroglial cells as crucial players in Down syndrome's abnormal neuron development and find that an inexpensive antibiotic can correct many abnormalities. They also show that minocycline, a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic, promotes healthy interactions between astroglia and neurons.
A team at Université de Genève identified a new cellular mechanism involving non-neuronal cells called astrocytes that stabilize neuron connections. This process protects synapses and allows learning to leave a mark on memory. The study sheds light on the importance of astrocytes in learning, memory, and neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study reveals that astrocytes regulate inhibitory synapse formation through the protein TGF β1 and CaMK2 signaling. This discovery has significant implications for understanding neurological disorders associated with impaired inhibitory synapses.
Researchers found that adipose-derived stromal cells exhibit increased apoptotic rates and decreased viability when attempting to differentiate into astrocytes. This process is hindered by caspase-dependent apoptosis, a crucial strategy for increasing induction efficiency.
Scientists have identified a novel mechanism of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease and propose new therapeutic targets, including the production and release mechanisms of GABA in reactive astrocytes. A MAO-B inhibitor showed promise in treating Alzheimer's disease model mice for a short time.
Researchers discover that retinal ganglion cells pass on worn-out mitochondria to astrocytes for disposal at the optic nerve head. This process challenges the common understanding of cellular trash management and has implications for diseases like glaucoma, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's.
A new study reveals that astrocytes can monitor and respond to nearby neural activity, but only when primed by the fight-or-flight chemical norepinephrine. This ability suggests that astrocytes may help control the brain's ability to focus.
Researchers discovered that damaged mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells are transferred to adjacent astrocytes, which then degrade them. This process, dubbed transmitophagy, has significant implications for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers discovered specialized astrocyte functions support specific neurons, contributing to neurodegenerative disorders like ALS. The study also found potential links to developmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
Astrocytes are support cells for neurons that provide nutrients and signaling molecules. A new mouse study reveals that astrocytes listen in on neuronal activity only during large bursts of activation, triggering a response with increased calcium levels.
A UCLA study found that increasing Kir4.1 levels in astrocytes improves walking and prolongs survival in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. The discovery could lead to new drug targets for treating the devastating disorder, which affects one in every 20,000 Americans.
A study found that co-culturing dorsal root ganglion neurons with type-2 astrocytes increases neuronal survival rates and process lengths. However, the effect is weaker compared to type-1 astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
A new study by Nationwide Children's Hospital researchers has identified a potential culprit in the death of motor neurons in Lou Gehrig's disease. Inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƘB) in microglia slowed disease progression by 47 percent, suggesting a new target for ALS treatment.
Researchers have successfully reprogrammed rat astrocytes into neurons using Mash1, a transcription factor. This method avoids malignant transformation and offers a promising therapeutic strategy for neural regeneration.
Scientists at UT Southwestern Medical Center successfully generate new neurons from adult astrocytes in mice, offering hope for repairing traumatic brain injury or spinal cord damage. The two-step approach uses a transcription factor to reprogram scar-forming astrocytes into neurons, which then mature and persist for months.
Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center found a toxin released by star-shaped brain cells called astrocytes that kills nearby motor neurons, leading to neuron loss in human ALS models. The study suggests new potential for slowing down or stopping the destruction of motor neurons and improving drug targets.
A new study suggests that a population of support cells called astrocytes could provide a promising approach to treat Parkinson's disease. Astrocytes, which are critical to maintaining a healthy environment in the brain, were found to repair multiple types of neurological damage caused by the disease.
Researchers have discovered a novel method of treating traumatic brain injury by stimulating 'caretaker cells' to reduce swelling. The treatment, using compounds like 2-methylthio-ADP and MRS2365, has shown promise in reducing edema and prolonging the life of neurons.
A Stanford study reveals that astrocytes, a mysterious class of brain cells, actively refine nerve-cell circuits by selectively eliminating synapses, much like a sculptor chisels away excess rock to create an artwork. This process is triggered by activity in neurons and persists into adulthood.
Researchers found that disrupting a core clock gene in mice accelerated oxidative stress and inflammation in nerve cells, raising possibilities for therapeutic approaches to delay neurodegeneration. The study suggests the molecular clock plays a crucial role in protecting the brain from damage.
New research shows glial cells and neurons work together to protect the brain from oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and other dangers. The study reveals a precise calibration system between neurons and astrocytes that ensures protective measures are only taken when needed.
Researchers found combined transplantation of astrocytes and decorin promotes axonal regeneration and growth, inhibiting astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation. This therapy offers a potential new approach for spinal cord injury repair.
Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, respond to neurological trauma by changing shape and forming scars that can either repair or hinder brain function. The study identified proteins controlling this process, revealing a complex mechanism involved.
A UC Davis study reveals that astrocytes can protect brain tissue and reduce disability due to stroke. The research found that a specific type of astrocyte called Olig2PC-Astros has greater antioxidant effects and improves learning and memory in rats.
Researchers at UC Riverside aim to develop more effective treatments for brain disorders like epilepsy by studying neuronal hyperexcitability and astrocytic swelling. They will investigate the relationship between astrocytic swelling and seizure thresholds using mouse models and modern imaging techniques.
Scientists have developed a method to derive mature human neurons from reprogrammed skin cells, enabling direct disease modeling and customized treatments. The new approach uses astrocytes to guide the growth of neurons, leading to more effective cell differentiation and improved neural function.
Researchers develop new methods to visualize calcium signals in entire astrocytes, revealing their role in modulating synaptic activity and regulating local blood flow. These findings pave the way for future exploration of astrocytic physiology.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that new astrocytes produced from stem cells after brain injury are effective in promoting recovery. These cells make their way to the injured area to form an organized scar, which stops bleeding and allows tissue recovery.
Researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine found that modifying astrocyte signals can limit the spread of damage after an ischemic brain stroke. By regulating neurotransmitter pathways, astrocytes play a critical role in the spread of damage following stroke.
Scientists have found that mild traumatic brain injuries can lead to swelling, reduced blood flow, and death of neurons. Astrocytes, which supply nutrients to neurons, swell quickly and significantly, smothering them and their branches. This secondary damage can occur within hours of the initial injury.
The study demonstrates that when transplanted into mice, human glial cells can influence communication within the brain, allowing animals to learn more rapidly. Human astrocytes are found to have unique functional advantages and play a significant role in integrating and coordinating neural activity.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discovered that astrocytes play a key role in brain communications, integrating messages and connecting neuronal circuits. This new framework offers insight into brain disease and disorders, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's, which are linked to malfunctions in brain connectivity.
Researchers will use a novel model and emerging technology to study astrocytes in autism spectrum disorders, providing a framework for future strategies. The grant supports Trapp's work on mechanisms of neurodegeneration and repair in multiple sclerosis and related conditions.
Researchers created motor neurons and astrocytes from a patient's skin cells, revealing that abnormal TDP-43 protein causes astrocyte death. This finding provides fresh insight into the mechanisms of motor neurone disease, a devastating condition with no cure or effective treatment.
Researchers at Tufts University have found that astrocytes regulate a neurotransmitter involved in sleep, which may lead to the development of effective and fast-acting antidepressant drugs. The study suggests that mimicking sleep deprivation in mice by manipulating astrocytes can rapidly improve depressive-like symptoms.
A new study reveals that the tripartite synapse model, long accepted by the scientific community, is incorrect in adult brains. The model, which proposes that multiple cells collaborate to move signals in the central nervous system, does not accurately represent brain signaling beyond development.
Researchers at Salk Institute discover diabetes increases amyloid beta and tau protein levels, leading to accelerated brain aging. The study suggests the neurovascular system as a potential therapeutic target for early-stage Alzheimer's treatment.
Researchers from Louisiana Tech University will showcase their study on astrocyte effects on calcium dynamics, exploring how brain cells respond to injury and disease. The presentation aims to provide insights into signal processing in the brain.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered how astrocytes control the formation of new neurons in the brain. By secreting specific molecules and cell-cell interactions, astrocytes regulate the birth rate of new neurons and their integration into existing neuronal networks.
Researchers found that urate protects cultured brain cells against Parkinson-like damage by involving astrocytes. The study suggests multiple ways to raise urate levels to protect against neurodegeneration in diseases like Parkinson's.
Research finds astrocytes play a key role in reducing electrical signals, influencing neuron firing and synaptic fidelity. The discovery offers new insights into diseases like epilepsy, schizophrenia, and ADHD.
Researchers found that marijuana's psychoactive ingredient THC impairs working memory independently of its effects on neurons. The study suggests that astroglia play an unexpected role in memory and may hold the key to developing treatments for conditions like Alzheimer's.
Ryan Gilbert, assistant professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, receives a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to create novel biomaterials that can reduce astrocyte reactivity and aid nerve regeneration after spinal cord injuries. The project aims to deliver therapies directly to the injury site to promote axon growth.
Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have successfully reprogrammed astrocytes into dopamine-producing neurons, a crucial step towards treating Parkinson's disease. The study demonstrates conversion efficiency of up to 18%, paving the way for novel reprogramming strategies to treat Parkinson's disease.
Researchers from RUB have deciphered the role of proteins in cell environment, revealing tenascin C's crucial function in regulating astrocyte development. The absence of tenascin C leads to delayed cell division and migration, resulting in an increased number of mature astrocytes.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that damages optic nerves and spinal cord. Mayo Clinic researchers have identified critical steps leading to myelin destruction, which could lead to better diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
A newly identified type of astrocyte cell displays atypical behavior and causes motor neuron death, suggesting a new target for ALS therapies. The discovery offers hope for slowing or stopping the progression of this devastating disease, affecting 30,000 Americans.
Researchers have created a new model of ALS using human cells from autopsied tissue, finding that astrocytes secrete toxic factors that cause nerve cell degeneration. The study suggests that inflammatory responses and SOD1 function contribute to both sporadic and familial ALS.
Scientists at Nationwide Children's Hospital have developed a human-cell-derived model of ALS that accurately mimics the majority of cases. The new model reveals that astrocytes may be releasing toxins that contribute to motor neuron degeneration, highlighting the importance of replacing these cells as a potential therapy target.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have demonstrated direct conversion of a non-heart cell type into a heart cell by RNA transfer. This breakthrough approach, called Transcriptome Induced Phenotype Remodeling (TIPeR), offers potential for cell-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases and personalized scre...
Researchers found that glia support neurons and provide energy substrates necessary for function. Re-expression of MeCP2 solely in astrocytes rescues lifespan, breathing, anxiety, and locomotor activities associated with Rett Syndrome in mouse models.
A recent study found that HIV infection in astrocytes breaks down the blood-brain barrier, leading to cognitive impairment and other neurological complications. The researchers suggest that minute numbers of infected astrocytes can trigger a cascade of signals that open the brain to toxic influences.