Articles tagged with Cell Membranes
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers found that immature reticulocytes are more prone to stick to blood vessel walls, leading to vaso-occlusive pain crises. A new microfluidic system mimicked post-capillary vessels, revealing how low oxygen levels cause sickle red cells to form stiff fibers that increase adhesion.
Researchers at UC Davis have created artificial cells that can sense, react, and interact with bacteria, as well as detect and kill them. These artificially engineered cells mimic the essential features of live cells but are short-lived and cannot reproduce themselves.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered how NF-2 gene mutations lead to hyper-responsiveness to growth factor signaling, driving out-of-control cellular proliferation. This phenomenon is mediated by macropinocytosis, a process that enables cells to engulf fluids and nutrients from their environment.
Researchers found that vamorolone improved muscle repair and strength in experimental models of LGMD2B, while prednisolone worsened muscle weakness and degeneration. The study suggests modified steroids like vamorolone may be an option for some patients with the disease.
A team of researchers from Case Western Reserve University discovered a way to stop immune cell death associated with multiple diseases, including sepsis, IBD, and arthritis. They identified a chemical, necrosulfonamide, that potently inhibits inflammatory cell death by preventing pyroptosis, a type of cell suicide.
A team from NCBS has identified a set of three proteins - PI4KIIIα, Efr3, and TTC7 - crucial for maintaining PIP2 levels on the surface membranes of cells. This helps maintain the signaling system going by rapidly resynthesizing essential molecules.
Scientists at TU Wien have successfully created an artificial placenta model that closely resembles the natural organ, providing new insights into the exchange of important substances between mother and child. The research uses a high-resolution 3D printing process to produce customized hydrogel membranes populated with placenta cells.
A study published in Nature reveals that IP6 plays crucial roles in the immature and mature development of the HIV-1 virus. This discovery opens the door to possible new therapies by identifying compounds similar to IP6 that could block its action, preventing the virus from maturing.
A new study by Texas Biomedical Research Institute sheds light on the role of specific proteins in triggering autophagy, a mechanism allowing Ebola virus to enter cells. The findings have implications for treating complex diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's, where macropinocytosis is dysregulated.
Research reveals that lipids in artificial cell membranes form clusters and domains due to interactions with hydrophilic polymer chains, similar to glycolipids in cell membranes. The study used fluorescence microscopy and AFM to examine the effects of PEG-modified lipids on domain formation.
Scientists at the University of Washington have developed a method to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells by surface passivation, which significantly boosts their efficiency. This breakthrough could lead to thinner and more flexible solar cells with higher power conversion efficiency.
Researchers used proteomics to study the basic biology of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and listeriosis. They found that BACE1 inhibition increases amyloid precursor protein and other substrates in Alzheimer's, while butyrate activates mitochondrial oxidation and suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells.
Researchers have discovered that the outer membrane of bacteria like E. coli can act as a strong physical barrier protecting the cell, making it a potential target for new antibacterial drugs. This finding suggests a new approach to fighting infections in roughly half of all bacterial species.
Researchers at TU Wien have rethought the distribution of T cell receptors, suggesting a random arrangement that enables rapid immune reactions. This new understanding may lead to improved medical treatments and better comprehension of the initial stages of identifying pathogens.
Researchers have confirmed a new mechanism for energy conservation in cells, called hydrogen cycling, which was previously thought to be impossible. This discovery sheds light on how organisms conserve energy and function as part of the global carbon cycle.
Researchers discovered a new molecular switch that shuts down a key cell-to-cell communication circuit, revealing a faster way to deactivate cellular processes. This finding sheds light on the role of receptor tyrosine kinases and their significance in organism development and maintenance.
Toxoplasmosis is a widespread infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which multiplies within a host and causes irreversible tissue damage. The parasite implements an ingenious invasive strategy involving a protein complex and rotational force to gain entry to host cells.
Researchers created a synthetic DNA enzyme that outperforms naturally occurring enzymes by three orders of magnitude, flipping lipids in cell membranes and inducing cell death in cancer cells. The new enzyme is poised to be used for personalized therapeutics and treatments.
A new vehicle peptide has been identified for delivering therapeutically effective peptides to cancer cells. The peptide, termed peptide 1, mimics the dimerization arm of the EGF receptor, which is involved in cellular signal transductions and cancer progression.
Researchers used super-resolution microscopy to study GLUT1 distribution on cell membranes, revealing clusters with an average diameter of ~250 nm. The transporter's clustering is linked to lipid rafts, actin cytoskeleton, and N-glycosylation.
Researchers found that cells use septins to form cage-like structures around viral particles, inhibiting their release and preventing the virus from spreading. The study provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that control viral infections.
Researchers at FAU and Charité hospital in Berlin will conduct studies on immune-epithelial communication in IBD. They aim to develop medication targeting bowel inflammation and improve treatment outcomes.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine identified ceramides as key players in the development of early onset Parkinsonism. The findings propose a mechanism connecting previously identified cellular defects and genes associated with Parkinson's disease, suggesting novel strategies to prevent or treat the condition.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new nanoparticle-based drug delivery system that targets cancer cells using mechanical properties of diseased cells. The 'mechanotargeting' approach outperforms existing 'chemotargeting' strategy in delivering drugs to targeted cells.
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed cell-like nanorobots that can swim through blood to remove harmful bacteria and toxins. These nanorobots combine platelet and red blood cell membranes, allowing them to target pathogens and neutralize toxins, making them a potential tool for detoxifying biological fluids.
Researchers at Monash University have developed a hand-made super-microscope capable of seeing the building blocks of bacterial cell walls. This discovery has shed light on how bacteria evade the immune system, providing key knowledge to disarm superbug resistance.
Researchers propose using viruses to restore normal functioning of cells' nuclei, potentially eradicating unwanted effects of aging. Wrinkled nuclear membranes may be responsible for metabolic diseases such as diabetes and fatty liver disease.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis found an enzyme that breaks down plasmalogens, a phospholipid abundant in the heart and brain, shedding light on their role in Alzheimer's disease and other conditions.
The study combines STED and SICM microscopy to link protein actin with cell membrane nanostructure, shedding light on the role of the cell membrane in migration processes. This technique offers novel insights into the biochemical organisation of cells and their surrounding membranes.
Researchers have developed an ingestible sensor that can detect disease-driving molecules in the gut, providing real-time data to doctors. The device, called Ingestible Micro-Bio-Electronic Device (IMBED), uses bacteria engineered to sense biomolecules, which activate when target molecules diffuse across a semipermeable membrane.
A Japan-US research collaboration found that taurine absorption by sperm cells helps regulate osmotic stress during fertilization. The study, published in FEBS Journal, revealed that taurine deficiency leads to increased male infertility rates and altered sperm shape.
Researchers at TUM have deciphered the mechanism of action for a class of pore-forming bacterial toxins. This breakthrough could lead to new substances that inhibit toxin interaction and prevent fatal cell damage.
A team of researchers used computational simulations to gain insights into how an enzyme activates and shuts off phospholipid production. The study's results could help understand why small changes in the enzyme lead to conditions like blindness and dwarfism.
Scientists at the University of Cambridge have identified N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) as a potential therapeutic target for Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), a rare condition that causes premature ageing. In a mouse model, chemical inhibition or genetic deregulation of NAT10 led to significant health and lifespan gains.
Scientists tweak an existing diabetes treatment to alter its interaction with cells, leading to increased insulin release and improved efficacy. The new approach could also reduce drug side effects by avoiding internalization of GLP-1 receptors.
Researchers have developed a model that explains how biological patterns can form and maintain stability even when protein concentrations are altered. The Min system, used to study cell division, has been found to use a conformational switch in the MinE protein to achieve robustness.
Researchers investigated how cells respond to cylindrical surfaces and a sphere-with-skirt geometry, finding that cells change their shapes and internal structures. Cells on stiff surfaces form stress fibers, which are influenced by surface curvature, enabling new tools in biology.
Researchers face difficulties in creating nanomaterials that can interact with biomembranes and achieve desired biological functions due to structural complexities in nature. The team emphasizes the need for a common language among theoretical concepts, membrane models, and cell experiments to improve predictability.
A bioengineered retinal implant, composed of human embryonic stem cells, has been shown to halt vision loss in advanced non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The implant was well-tolerated and successfully integrated with retinal tissue, demonstrating potential for a new therapy for this progressive disease.
Researchers found that a protein called myosin IIA contracts to give red blood cells their distinctive dimpled shape, shedding light on sickle cell diseases and other disorders. The discovery could lead to new treatments for conditions where red blood cells are deformed.
Researchers have discovered a rare form of the Golgi apparatus in the microbial amoeba Naegleria gruberi, which was previously thought to lack it. This finding provides new insights into the relationship between Golgi dysfunction and genetic diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive method to track electrical activity in lipid membranes by analyzing the position of surrounding water molecules. This approach reveals unexpected charge fluctuations and complex chemical behavior previously unknown.
Researchers from University of Groningen and Wageningen University created a micro-organism with a mixed membrane, contradicting the idea that this was an unstable mixture of lipids. The new life form was stable and grew at normal speed, supporting the hypothesis that a mixed membrane can be stable.
Researchers discovered that Chlamydia trachomatis proteins interact with host cell proteins to regulate the bacterium's exit from infected cells via lysis or membrane-bound package. Calcium ion signaling plays a crucial role in this process, and disruptions to this pathway significantly inhibit extrusion.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have uncovered a link between a genetic mutation in the GBA1 gene and the formation of fatty plaques in the brain that contribute to Parkinson's disease. The study found that changes in the mixture of fatty molecules cause protein pieces to stick together, forming 'dead zones' in the brain.
Researchers have developed remote-controlled nanospears that can pierce membrane walls and deliver DNA into selected cells with precision. The technique shows promise for the production of new gene therapies and may lead to more effective and less harmful methods for delivering genetic material.
Researchers at Purdue University may have discovered a way to stop Ebola virus replication by mutating its most important protein, VP40. The study found that altering the amino acid sequence of VP40 reduces lipid binding and prevents viral budding, offering new targets for therapeutics.
Researchers created a new type of microfluidic device using collagen-based membranes to mimic the growth of human intestinal cells. The results showed that colon cells grown on the collagen membrane were more viable and differentiated compared to those in other devices.
Researchers have developed a glowing molecule that can detect live tuberculosis bacteria, offering a quick and simple diagnosis method. The molecule, DMN-Tre, incorporates into the cell membranes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, allowing for accurate detection in sputum samples.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a method enabling effective insertion of large molecules into cells using acoustic shear poration and electrophoresis. The approach has achieved greater than 75 percent delivery efficiency of macromolecules, including DNA insertion, which is significantly more challenging.
Researchers at MIT have created a fluorescent sensor that allows them to image neurons' electrical communications without electrodes. This breakthrough could enable the study of brain activity in millisecond-by-millisecond detail, revolutionizing our understanding of neural behavior and cognition.
A novel process produces cell-sized lipid vesicles that can be functionalized to interact with cells, inducing specific cellular responses. The technology has high therapeutic potential for treating Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers discovered that lipid asymmetry plays a key role in activating immune cells. By maintaining balance, the immune system can be controlled and potentially used to treat allergies, inflammation, or cancer. The study's findings suggest new avenues for treating these conditions by regulating membrane composition.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have discovered that cells can 'walk' on liquids using protein nanosheets with strong mechanical properties. This breakthrough could lead to the design of new cell technologies for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Researchers discovered that DNA acts as an 'air-in-a-balloon' mechanism to inflate bacterial cells, beyond its genetic information role. This finding has implications for understanding cell formation and growth, potentially revealing insights into the origins of cellular life.
A study by Uppsala University researchers reveals that a vesicle attachment defect is the root cause of insulin secretion problems in type-2 diabetes. The defect leads to slowed arrival of new insulin-containing vesicles at the cell membrane, resulting in insufficient insulin release.
Researchers at Hokkaido University identified a key process enabling Ebola virus entry, targeting antiviral drug development.
A team of researchers at UC Riverside has received a $1 million award to investigate the role of membrane transporters in guiding steroid hormones into cells. They aim to show that transporters, not diffusion, are responsible for hormone entry and develop new drugs with greater specificity.
Researchers at Georgia Tech and Oak Ridge National Laboratory use neutron beams to illuminate presenilin, an intramembrane protease that chops protein building blocks. The study reveals a simpler protein structure than expected, with two chemical knives for cutting peptides.
Recent papers by Keck Graduate Institute professors James Sterling and Shenda Baker describe the interaction between ions and glycans on mucosal surfaces. The research highlights how different ion types affect the structure, electrical potential, and fluid behavior of airway-surface layers in the lung.