Articles tagged with Cellular Physiology
Researchers visualize extracellular matrix in living organism and discover principles of self-organization, indicating large fluctuations in protein production between individual cells. The structure forms rounded or polygonal boundaries that dynamically evolve as the organism grows, making it resemble a foam.
The Aging (Aging-US) meeting will bring together researchers and clinicians to explore the latest advances in cellular senescence and its translation into therapies for age-related diseases. The event will provide a unique platform for discussing both basic research and its clinical applications.
Researchers have discovered a new approach for treating proteinopathies by targeting dysregulated nuclear speckles, which can lead to neuron degeneration. Pyrvinium pamoate has been shown to improve proteostasis in various disease models, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and tauopathies.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified dozens of microproteins that play a crucial role in regulating fat cell proliferation and lipid accumulation. This breakthrough discovery offers new potential drug targets for treating obesity and metabolic disorders, building on recent advances in CRISPR gene editing technologies.
A major new textbook on autophagy is now available, encapsulating over 30 years of research in this growing field. The book, titled Autophagy – From Molecular Mechanisms to Flux Control in Health and Disease, aims to make the learning process easier for students and scientists alike.
Researchers identified a new strategy to repair damaged heart tissue by reactivating the PSAT1 gene through synthetic modified messenger RNA. The study found that mice treated with PSAT1-modRNA showed robust increases in cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced tissue scarring, and improved heart function.
A study from The University of Tokyo predicts HSC quality based on real-time cellular behavior using advanced imaging technology and machine learning. The researchers discovered previously hidden diversity within HSC populations and found that kinetic features could predict the expression levels of a key gene related to 'stemness'.
Researchers have identified a key gene crucial for vitamin D uptake and metabolism, offering new avenues for precision medicine in cancer therapy and potential benefits for autoimmune diseases. Inhibiting this gene may selectively kill cancer cells while leaving healthy tissues unharmed.
Researchers at ChristianaCare and the University of Delaware have identified five core biological rules that govern the structure and behavior of cells, potentially explaining how tissues stay organized. This discovery has significant implications for understanding tissue repair, birth defects, and cancer development.
A new cell type has been identified in Burmese pythons that produces large particles made from calcium, phosphorus, and iron to digest bones. This specialized cell type helps limit excessive calcium absorption and is found in multiple python and boa species as well as the Gila monster.
A study reveals that metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be toxic to mice, causing disruptions in blood cell formation and immune balance. The researchers found that the MOFs suppressed production of certain cells but also triggered a rebound effect, leading to increased inflammation.
Researchers found that intercellular flow plays a major role in tissue response to deformation, affecting organs' adaptability to conditions like aging and cancer. The study's findings could inform the design of artificial tissues and organs.
A new review highlights the role of neutrophils and NETs in kidney diseases, revealing an overactive immune response can damage the kidneys. Targeting neutrophils and NETs could lead to a major shift in treatment, with potential therapies showing promising results in clinical trials.
Researchers at CNIC uncover how the heart forms during earliest embryonic development, shedding light on congenital heart defects and regenerative medicine. The heart originates from two separate cell populations that coordinate their formation simultaneously.
Researchers at the University of Maryland Baltimore County have made an important discovery about how cells move through tissues, combining mathematical modeling with advanced imaging to show that physical shape and chemical signals interact. The study's findings could inform new strategies for controlling cell movement via medical tre...
Salk Institute and UC San Diego researchers captured the first-of-its-kind video of dynein-Lis1 protein interaction, revealing 16 detailed shapes that support designing therapeutics to restore dynein and Lis1 function. The insights gained from this movie will help identify precise locations where drugs can interact with the proteins.
Estrogen-related receptors play a crucial role in regulating muscle cell metabolism and energy production. Researchers discovered that these receptors can increase mitochondrial numbers and enhance energetic output when muscles need more energy, making them a promising therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
Researchers uncover pivotal role of cyclic dinucleotides in triggering bacterial immune response, leading to rapid and robust activation of defenses. The study provides a unified model for how CDNs trigger membrane-targeting immune responses across diverse immune systems.
Scientists have discovered a mechanism that controls tomato ripening, regulated by autophagy, which also affects life- and health-span in humans and animals. This finding has significant implications for reducing food waste and addressing sustainable food security.
Researchers at Pennington Biomedical found that mitochondrial fragmentation can bypass defects in mitophagy to sustain skeletal muscle quality control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. This adaptation helps maintain mitochondrial function despite impaired mitophagy.
Researchers from Kyushu University found that lipid peroxidation of lysosomes plays a key role in ferroptosis-mediated cell death, leading to iron leakage and membrane permeabilization. Administration of chloroquine promotes ferroptosis even in cancer cells less susceptible to the process.
A team of researchers has identified a mechanism that interferes with the splicing process in a more subtle way, leading to cell death. The study reveals that spliceosome subunits U4, U5, and U6 are normally stabilized by protein USP39, but when mutated or absent, stability is compromised, causing incorrect connections during splicing.
Researchers have discovered two previously unknown bacterial species in deep-sea corals from the Gulf of Mexico. These bacteria have extremely reduced genomes and lack the ability to break down carbohydrates, surviving on amino acids instead. The discovery provides insights into the unique adaptations of deep-sea organisms.
Researchers found that prenatal exposure to synthetic cannabinoid led to cardiovascular problems in female rats and increased respiratory sensitivity to carbon dioxide in male rats. Sleep quality also deteriorated in both sexes, with males experiencing sleep fragmentation due to frequent wakefulness episodes.
Researchers have developed a new biosensor that can detect different physiological signals and brightly illuminate them in far-red light. The sensor, called WHaloCaMP, was created by Helen Farrants after she successfully re-developed an earlier version of the protein biosensors to carry out their original intention.
A team of researchers created RENAISSANCE, an AI-based tool that simplifies the creation of kinetic models to accurately depict metabolic states. The tool successfully generated models that matched experimentally observed metabolic behaviors in Escherichia coli, simulating how the bacteria would adjust their metabolism over time.
Researchers found that cell nuclei control tissue stiffness and ordering in eye and brain tissues, revealing a new role for the nucleus in organ formation. This discovery challenges existing views on tissue organization and has implications for understanding diseases associated with impaired architecture.
Researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory have developed an effective way to image a single cell using multiple techniques, providing significant implications in medicine and agriculture. The team used advanced X-ray imaging technologies to capture high-resolution images of the cellular structure and chemical processes within cells.
Professor Helle Ulrich will investigate how a small regulatory protein called ubiquitin contributes to DNA replication and repair, and decipher how cells direct different pathways. The ERC Advanced Grant aims to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of ubiquitin's function in preventing mutations that can cause ageing and cancer.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have discovered thalidomide derivatives that target and degrade BCL-2, a protein essential for the survival of cancer cells. The derivatives bind to CRBN, reprogramming its binding surface to mark BCL-2 for degradation, ultimately leading to cell death.
Researchers have uncovered a novel regulator governing how cells respond to mechanical cues, finding that ETV4 bridges cell density dynamics to stem cell differentiation. This discovery has significant implications for controlling cancer cells through mechanical cues.
Researchers found that nutrient-starved cells divert ER exit sites to lysosomes for degradation, using a novel pathway to free up amino acids. This process involves the recruitment of molecules to direct ER exit sites to lysosomes, where they are destroyed and their components recycled.
Researchers discovered compounds with untapped therapeutic potential for treating BPH, melanogenesis, and nerve damage. Metformin restored sex hormone homeostasis, epimedin B stimulated pigmentation function, and hydralazine suppressed ferroptosis to aid in axon regeneration.
A recent study published in Nature Aging suggests that mechanical damage to the cell membrane can induce cellular senescence, a state characterized by cell cycle arrest and tissue dysfunction. This mechanism involves calcium ion influx and the tumor suppressor gene p53, offering new insights into the aging process.
Researchers discovered that a single mutation in a key synaptonemal complex protein can cause infertility in mice and is likely to have the same effect in humans. This finding may lead to new technologies for treating male infertility by pinpointing the exact location of the defect.
Jinglei Ping, a UMass Amherst engineering professor, has received a $1.9 million grant to investigate a new method of regulating exosome traffic using electronic signals. This approach aims to control cell communication in cancer and heart disease research.
Red blood cell transfusions were common in ICU patients globally, with overlapping reasons for use despite differing clinical contexts. The three most common triggers for transfusion (hypotension, tachycardia, hemodynamic instability) were largely consistent across regions.
A global team of experts outlines a roadmap for creating a comprehensive and inclusive reference work on human skin cell composition. The proposed Human Skin Cell Atlas will provide a standardized framework for semi-automated mapping of patient-specific changes in skin diseases, supporting personalized medicine.
Imperial researchers have imaged Piezo1 channels in human cells and organs, revealing their role in regulating blood pressure, respiration, bladder control, and the immune system. This breakthrough could lead to a better understanding of their role in fundamental physiological processes and potentially new drug targets for diseases.
Scientists have discovered an additional source of genetic mutations that cause rare conditions like Huntington's disease. Expanded CAG repeat RNA can form aggregates that reduce global protein synthesis and lead to neurotoxicity.
A team of researchers from Goethe University Frankfurt has discovered a central switch point in the mitochondrial signaling chain under misfolding stress. The mitochondria send two chemical signals to the cell when protein misfolding stress occurs, triggering a protective response that reduces misfolded proteins and stabilizes membranes.
Researchers have successfully visualized the three-dimensional structure of human tRNA splicing endonuclease TSEN, a crucial enzyme in tRNA maturation. The study reveals how TSEN recognizes and excises introns from precursor tRNAs, shedding light on its role in neurodegenerative disorders like pontocerebellar hypoplasia.
A new special issue of Calcified Tissue International & Musculoskeletal Research explores how the skeleton functions as both a secretory organ and an endocrine target tissue. Researchers discuss key avenues in this area of research, including deciphering hormone messages encoded in bone cell secretory products.
A team of scientists led by Professor Ivan Đikić and Christian Hübner identified the role of ubiquitin in regulating ER-phagy, a process involved in the degradation of the endoplasmic reticulum. This discovery sheds light on neurodegenerative diseases caused by defective FAM134B and ARL6IP1 proteins.
A research group led by Osaka University found that plant mesophyll cells can detect mechanical pressure and differentiate into epidermal cell types via ATML1 gene upregulation. This study reveals the mechanisms involved in plant regeneration and offers new insights into position-dependent cell fate determination.
Researchers tested zoledronic acid's effects on cellular senescence using multiple approaches. The study found that zoledronic acid killed senescent cells with minimal effects on non-senescent cells and reduced circulating SASP factors, including CCL7, IL-1β, TNFRSF1A, and TGFβ1.
Researchers have identified distinct senescence subpopulations and dynamic changes in the transcriptome of human cells undergoing senescence. The study provides new understanding of the heterogeneous nature of senescence and its impact on aging diseases.
Researchers found that necroptosis promotes metastasis in breast cancer models, and blocking it leads to inhibition of metastasis. Necroptosis may be a key factor in tumor progression, and targeting its regulators could be critical for mitigating metastasis.
Researchers developed a hybrid micro-robot that can navigate in physiological environments and capture targeted damaged cells. The micro-robot uses electric and magnetic mechanisms to identify and transport single cells for further study.
Researchers discovered a mechanism involving ribosomes that enables the heart to toggle between a regular maintenance mode and an energy-boost mode. This finding provides clues for developing medicines targeting specific ribosomes to treat cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at the University of Groningen discovered that cells separate essential biochemical reactions into different time periods. This separation explains metabolic oscillations leading up to cell division and has implications for our understanding of cellular physiology, cancer, and aging.
Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado is awarded the Vilcek Prize in Biomedical Science for his groundbreaking work on regeneration. His research has significant implications for understanding cellular and organismal regeneration, with potential for further breakthroughs.
Biomedical engineers at UC Davis have created semi-living cyborg cells that can carry out novel functions, such as producing therapeutic drugs and cleaning up pollution. The cyborg cells are more resistant to stressors and can invade cancer cells, making them a promising tool for various applications.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis demonstrated that eukaryotic cells can control organelle size by exhibiting random bursts of growth, maintaining a narrow window of precision within this noise., The study suggests a biophysical mechanism for the robustness and universality of organelle size control.
A team at the Allen Institute for Cell Science developed a new way to quantify the internal organization of human cells, capturing details about cellular shape variation. The study provides a roadmap for biologists to understand cell organization in a measurable and quantitative way.
Researchers highlight recent progress in organotypic models, which offer a balance between the accessibility and control of in vitro context. These models have been used to study various aging-related phenotypes, including skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms.
A Collaborative Research Centre investigates animal navigation using the Earth's magnetic field. The study focuses on vertebrates, including birds and fish, aiming to protect endangered migratory species.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba found that the Newtic1 protein plays a crucial role in limb regeneration by secreting TGFβ1 growth factors. This discovery sheds light on the regenerative abilities of adult newts and their potential as a model for regenerative medicine.
Researchers found a significant association between NTM infection and increased mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Early diagnosis and treatment may improve survival. NTM can cause nonspecific symptoms like fever and weight loss, and patients with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
A study found that in people with significant kidney disease, psoriasis does not increase the risk of heart attack. After controlling for other risk factors, researchers found no association between psoriasis and heart attacks in patients with end-stage renal disease.